Historically, the 129 inbred mice are known for the high incidence of spontaneous testicular teratomas, though the incidence differs between substrains.(1-3% in 129 parental substrains; 30% in teratoma substrains.) More recently, 129 mice are widely used in the production of targeted mutations due to the availability of multiple embryonic stem cell lines derived from them. There is major genetic variation within the 129 "family", which has led to an update of the nomenclature and a division of the substrains into three major groups: parental substrains (129P), steel substrains (129S) and "teratoma" substrains (129T). Investigators using 129 substrains for targeted mutagenesis should be careful in the selection of the appropriate 129 substrain to match the embryonic stem cell line. For a complete history of the numerous 129 substrains, see Simpson, <i>et al</i>., 1997. <p>
129S4/SvJae has been used to develop multiple embryonic stem cell lines including:  J1, LW1, and RF8.


This substrain of 129, from the steel group of 129 substrains (129S), is a common source of embryonic stem cell lines used in development of targeted mutations. 129 inbred mice are known for the high incidence of spontaneous testicular teratomas,

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