These G protein-coupled receptor 4 targeted mutation mice are phenotypically normal in adulthood. Neonates show a higher frequency of mortality, however. Homozygous crosses produce litter sizes that are approximately 30% smaller than wild-type intercrosses on a C57BL/6 genetic background (backcross generations N3 and N5). A fraction of knockout embryos and neonates have spontaneous hemorrhages, as well as dilated and tortuous subcutaneous blood vessels. The mice show impaired association of vascular smooth muscle cells with capillaries and small arteries and veins. Mesangial cells in kidney glomeruli are significantly reduced in homozygous targeted mice. There is impaired contact between mesangial cells and renal glomerular capillaries. Some neonates exhibit respiratory distress with airway lining cell metaplasia. In studies of vascular pH sensing, microvessel outgrowth from homozygous aortas is less inhibited by acidic extracellular pH. Although an IRES-GFP insertion was incorporated in this strain, it can not be reliably observed through microscopy. This strain may be useful in studies of vascular development and G protein receptor function.  

These G protein-coupled receptor 4 targeted mutation mice are phenotypically normal in adulthood. Neonates show a higher frequency of mortality, however. A fraction of knockout embryos and neonates have spontaneous hemorrhages, as well as dilated and tortuous subcutaneous blood vessels. The mice show impaired association of vascular smooth muscle cells with capillaries and small arteries and veins. Mesangial cells in kidney glomeruli are significantly reduced in homozygous targeted mice. In studies of vascular pH sensing, microvessel outgrowth from homozygous aortas is less inhibited by acidic extracellular pH. This strain may be useful in studies of vascular development and G protein receptor function.

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