JAX
Mouse Strain Datasheet - 006860
B6.Cg-Ins2Akita Bdkrb2tm1Jfh/SmiJ
Also Known As: B6-Akita, B2R, B6-B2R, Akita
Mice homozygous for this targeted mutation of the bradykinin receptor, beta 2 (Bdkrb2) gene and heterozygous for the Akita spontaneous mutation of the insulin 2 (Ins2) gene (Ins2Akita) are viable and fertile. They are extremely diabetic, underweight, hyperphagic, polyuric, and have severe kidney, skeletal, and testicular defects. essentially no subcutaneous fat, and a significantly reduced lifespan. This strain may be used to research the kallikrein-kinin system, specifically the role of bradykinin B2 receptor in diabetes, oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA damage, apoptosis, kidney morphology and function, and other senescence-associated phenotypes.
Donating Investigator
Dr. Masao Kakoki, University of North Carolina at Chapel H
Genetic overview
| Genetic Background | Generation |
|---|---|
|
000664 C57BL/6J |
|
Bdkrb2tm1Jfh
| Allele Type | Gene Symbol | Gene Name |
|---|---|---|
| Targeted (Null/Knockout) | Bdkrb2 | bradykinin receptor, beta 2 |
Ins2Akita
| Allele Type | Gene Symbol | Gene Name |
|---|---|---|
| Spontaneous | Ins2 | insulin II |
Research Applications
- Apoptosis Research
- Cancer Research
- Diabetes and Obesity Research
- Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Internal/Organ Research
- Cardiovascular Research
- Cell Biology Research
- Endocrine Deficiency Research
Detailed Description
Mice homozygous for the targeted mutation and heterozygous for the Ins2Akita spontaneous mutation are viable and fertile. Similar to mice only heterozygous for the Ins2Akita mutation, the double mutant mice are severely diabetic: their body weights are 70% of wildtype, they consume over 3-fold the normal amount of food, and their urinary output is approximately 20-fold more than that of wildtype mice. Double mutant mice have markedly enlarged kidneys. Urinary albumin excretion in double mutants is almost 4-fold that of either single mutant, and double mutants experience more severe nephropathy than mice that are heterozygous for the Akita mutation alone. Megsin and nephrin expression is markedly increased in double mutant mice when compared to wildtype or to mice with either single mutation alone. By 12 months of age, double mutant mice experience hair loss due to a reduction in hair follicle numbers and thinning of the dermis. Double mutants have essentially no subcutaneous fat, severe kyphosis, reduced bone density, osteoporosis, testicular atrophy, lipofuscin accumulation in the renal proximal tubule and testicular Leydig cells, increased apoptosis in the testicular seminiferous tubules and intestinal villi, and a significantly reduced lifespan.
This model is useful for studying the kallikrein-kinin system, specifically the role of bradykinin B2 receptor in diabetes, oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA damage, apoptosis, morphological and functional kidney changes, and other senescence-associated phenotypes.
Development
Dr. Oliver Smithies laboratory backcrossed Stock No. 002641 B6;129S7-Bdkrb2tm1Jfh/J mice to C57BL/6J (Stock No. 000664) for an additional 6 generations prior to mating to Stock No. 003548 C57BL/6-Ins2Akita/J. In 2007, The Jackson Laboratory received C57BL/6 congenic males homozygous for the Bdkrb2tm1Jfh mutation at N9F? and mated them to heterozygous females from Stock No. 003548 C57BL/6-Ins2Akita/J. The strain has been maintained subsequently by brother x sister matings.
Genetic quality control completed at The Jackson Laboratory indicates that there is 129 genetic contamination on chromosomes 3, 4, 6, 11, 15 and 17 (006860 SNP's marker data)
Control Suggestions
Selected References
- Kakoki M; Kizer CM; Yi X; Takahashi N; Kim HS; Bagnell CR; Edgell CJ; Maeda N; Jennette JC; Smithies O. 2006. Senescence-associated phenotypes in Akita diabetic mice are enhanced by absence of bradykinin B2 receptors. J Clin Invest 116(5):1302-9. PubMed: 16604193MGI: J:108948
- Kakoki M; McGarrah RW; Kim HS; Smithies O. 2007. Bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors both have protective roles in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(18):7576-81. PubMed: 17452647MGI: J:121339
- Kakoki M; Takahashi N; Jennette JC; Smithies O. 2004. Diabetic nephropathy is markedly enhanced in mice lacking the bradykinin B2 receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(36):13302-5. PubMed: 15326315MGI: J:92403
Bdkrb2tm1Jfh
Allele Symbol: Bdkrb2tm1Jfh
| Allele Name | targeted mutation 1, J Fred Hess |
|---|---|
| Allele Type | Targeted (Null/Knockout) |
| Allele Synonym(s) | B2-; B2-KO; B2R-; BdkrB2; Bk B2R-; Bk2r-; rB2 - |
| Gene Symbol and Name | Bdkrb2, bradykinin receptor, beta 2 |
| Gene Synonym(s) | B(2); B2; B2BKR; B2BRA; B2R; BK-2; BK2; BK2R; BKR2; BRB2; kinin B2 |
| Strain of Origin | 129S7/SvEvBrd-Hprt |
| Chromosome | 12 |
| Molecular Note | A neomycin selection cassette replaced the entire coding sequences of the gene. Binding assays on membranes prepared from ileum tissue of homozygous mice confirmed that no functional protein is produced from this allele. |
| Mutations Made By | Dr. J. Hess, Merck Research Laboratories |
Ins2Akita
Allele Symbol: Ins2Akita
| Allele Name | Akita |
|---|---|
| Allele Type | Spontaneous |
| Allele Synonym(s) | Akita; AkitaIns2; Ins2C96Y; Ins2Mody; Mody; Mody4 |
| Gene Symbol and Name | Ins2, insulin II |
| Gene Synonym(s) | AA986540; CP-II; IDDM; IDDM1; IDDM2; ILPR; IRDN; Ins-2; Ins-2; InsII; MODY10; Mody; Mody; Mody4; Mody4; expressed sequence AA986540; maturity onset diabetes of the young; maturity onset diabetes of the young 4 |
| Strain of Origin | C57BL/6NSlc |
| Chromosome | 7 |
| General Note | Phenotypic Similarity to Human Syndrome: Type 1 Diabetic Macrovascular Disease (J:174983) |
| Molecular Note | In the mutant allele a transition from G to A at nucleotide 1907 disrupted an Fnu4HI site in exon 3. This mutation changed the seventh amino acid in the A chain of mature insulin, Cys96 (TGC), to Tyr (TAC). The authors predict that the transition would disrupt a disulfide bond between the A and the B chains and would likely induce a major conformational change in insulin 2 molecules. RT-PCR studies suggest that both normal and mutant Ins2 alleles are transcribed similarly in pancreatic islets of heterozygous mice, although immunofluorescence and immunoblot analyses of heterozygous islets detected reduced levels of insulin and proinsulin. |
Disease Terms
Research Areas By Genotype
This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:
- Apoptosis Research
- Cancer Research
- Growth Factors/Receptors/Cytokines
- Osteoporosis
- Growth Factors/Receptors/Cytokines
- Diabetes and Obesity Research
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypoinsulinemia
- Impaired Insulin Processing
- Insulin Receptors and Growth Factors
- Type 1 Diabetes (IDDM)
- MODY, mature onset diabetes of the young
- Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Autoimmunity
- Type 1 Diabetes
- Inflammation
- Autoimmunity
- Internal/Organ Research
- Kidney Defects
- Skeleton
- Bone
Genotype: Bdkrb2tm1Jfh related
- Cardiovascular Research
- Hypertension
- diet-induced
- Hypertension
- Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Inflammation
Genotype: Ins2Akita related
- Cell Biology Research
- Protein Processing
- Diabetes and Obesity Research
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypoinsulinemia
- Impaired Insulin Processing
- Insulin Receptors and Growth Factors
- Islet Transplantation Studies
- Type 1 Diabetes (IDDM)
- MODY, mature onset diabetes of the young
- Endocrine Deficiency Research
- Pancreas Defects
Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype
Genotype: Bdkrb2tm1Jfh/Bdkrb2tm1Jfh Ins2Akita/Ins2+
B6.Cg-Ins2Akita Bdkrb2tm1Jfh
mortality/aging
- premature death
- mice have much shorter lifespan than wild-type; 909 days (wt) vs 246 days (mutant) (MGI Ref ID J:108948)
cellular phenotype
- abnormal mitochondrial chromosome morphology
- mutants display increased mitochondrial DNA damage compared to single mutants or wild-type mice at 12 months of age (MGI Ref ID J:108948)
- abnormal spermatogonia morphology
- in double mutant males, severe loss of spermatogonia is observed and atrophy of spermatic cords is prevalent at 12 months of age (MGI Ref ID J:108948)
endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
- abnormal Leydig cell morphology
- double mutant males display numerous pigmented vacuoles in Leydig cells in the testes at 12 months of age (MGI Ref ID J:108948)
- abnormal seminiferous tubule morphology
- double mutants have an increased frequency of apoptotic cells in the seminiferous tubules at 12 months of age (MGI Ref ID J:108948)
reproductive system phenotype
- abnormal Leydig cell morphology
- double mutant males display numerous pigmented vacuoles in Leydig cells in the testes at 12 months of age (MGI Ref ID J:108948)
- abnormal seminiferous tubule morphology
- double mutants have an increased frequency of apoptotic cells in the seminiferous tubules at 12 months of age (MGI Ref ID J:108948)
- abnormal spermatogonia morphology
- in double mutant males, severe loss of spermatogonia is observed and atrophy of spermatic cords is prevalent at 12 months of age (MGI Ref ID J:108948)
digestive/alimentary phenotype
- abnormal intestinal epithelium morphology
- intestinal villi in mutants have a greater frequency of apoptotic cells (MGI Ref ID J:108948)
adipose tissue phenotype
- decreased subcutaneous adipose tissue amount
- mutants have almost no subcutaneous fat (MGI Ref ID J:108948)
skeleton phenotype
- decreased bone mineral density
- double mutants have significantly reduced bone density compared to wild-type or single mutant mice (MGI Ref ID J:108948)
- kyphosis
- double mutants exhibit marked kyphosis (MGI Ref ID J:108948)
integument phenotype
- alopecia
- most mutants show significant alopecia by 12 months of age (MGI Ref ID J:108948)
- decreased subcutaneous adipose tissue amount
- mutants have almost no subcutaneous fat (MGI Ref ID J:108948)
References
- Kakoki M; Kizer CM; Yi X; Takahashi N; Kim HS; Bagnell CR; Edgell CJ; Maeda N; Jennette JC; Smithies O. 2006. Senescence-associated phenotypes in Akita diabetic mice are enhanced by absence of bradykinin B2 receptors. J Clin Invest 116(5):1302-9. PubMed: 16604193MGI: J:108948
- Kakoki M; McGarrah RW; Kim HS; Smithies O. 2007. Bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors both have protective roles in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(18):7576-81. PubMed: 17452647MGI: J:121339
- Kakoki M; Takahashi N; Jennette JC; Smithies O. 2004. Diabetic nephropathy is markedly enhanced in mice lacking the bradykinin B2 receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(36):13302-5. PubMed: 15326315MGI: J:92403
Additional - Bdkrb2tm1Jfh related
- Abadir PM; Carey RM; Siragy HM. 2003. Angiotensin AT2 receptors directly stimulate renal nitric oxide in bradykinin B2-receptor-null mice. Hypertension 42(4):600-4. PubMed: 12953015MGI: J:103114
- Adolfo Arganaraz G; Regina Perosa S; Cristina Lencioni E; Bader M; Abrao Cavalheiro E; da Graca Naffah-Mazzacoratti M; Bosco Pesquero J; Antonio Silva J Jr. 2004. Role of kinin B1 and B2 receptors in the development of pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Brain Res 1013(1):30-9. PubMed: 15196965MGI: J:90943
- Alfie ME; Alim S; Mehta D; Shesely EG; Carretero OA. 1999. An enhanced effect of arginine vasopressin in bradykinin B2 receptor null mutant mice. Hypertension 33(6):1436-40. PubMed: 10373229MGI: J:56192
- Alfie ME; Yang XP; Hess F; Carretero OA. 1996. Salt-sensitive hypertension in bradykinin B2 receptor knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 224(3):625-30. PubMed: 8713099MGI: J:34497
- Aliberti J; Viola JP; Vieira-de-Abreu A; Bozza PT; Sher A; Scharfstein J. 2003. Cutting edge: Bradykinin induces IL-12 production by dendritic cells: a danger signal that drives Th1 polarization. J Immunol 170(11):5349-53. PubMed: 12759407MGI: J:83453
- Barros CC; Haro A; Russo FJ; Schadock I; Almeida SS; Reis FC; Moraes MR; Haidar A; Hirata AE; Mori M; Bacurau RF; Wurtele M; Bader M; Pesquero JB; Araujo RC. 2012. Bradykinin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis in obese mice. Lab Invest 92(10):1419-27. PubMed: 22868909MGI: J:188609
- Bergaya S; Meneton P; Bloch-Faure M; Mathieu E; Alhenc-Gelas F; Levy BI; Boulanger CM. 2001. Decreased flow-dependent dilation in carotid arteries of tissue kallikrein-knockout mice. Circ Res 88(6):593-9. PubMed: 11282893MGI: J:115590
- Bernstein KE; Xiao HD; Frenzel K; Li P; Shen XZ; Adams JW; Fuchs S. 2005. Six truisms concerning ACE and the renin-angiotensin system educed from the genetic analysis of mice. Circ Res 96(11):1135-44. PubMed: 15947253MGI: J:109628
- Bhagat TD; Zhou L; Sokol L; Kessel R; Caceres G; Gundabolu K; Tamari R; Gordon S; Mantzaris I; Jodlowski T; Yu Y; Jing X; Polineni R; Bhatia K; Pellagatti A; Boultwood J; Kambhampati S; Steidl U; Stein C; Ju W; Liu G; Kenny P; List A; Bitzer M; Verma A. 2013. miR-21 mediates hematopoietic suppression in MDS by activating TGF-beta signaling. Blood 121(15):2875-81. PubMed: 23390194MGI: J:196470
- Blaes N; Pecher C; Mehrenberger M; Cellier E; Praddaude F; Chevalier J; Tack I; Couture R; Girolami JP. 2012. Bradykinin inhibits high glucose- and growth factor-induced collagen synthesis in mesangial cells through the B2-kinin receptor. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 303(2):F293-303. PubMed: 22573379MGI: J:187019
- Borkowski JA; Ransom RW; Seabrook GR; Trumbauer M; Chen H; Hill RG; Strader CD; Hess JF. 1995. Targeted disruption of a B2 bradykinin receptor gene in mice eliminates bradykinin action in smooth muscle and neurons. J Biol Chem 270(23):13706-10. PubMed: 7775424MGI: J:25953
- Brochu I; Labonte J; Bkaily G; D'Orleans-Juste P. 2002. Role of endothelin receptors in the hypertensive state of kinin B(2) knockout mice subjected to a high-salt diet. Clin Sci (Lond) 103 Suppl 48:380S-384S. PubMed: 12193127MGI: J:103135
- Cervenka L; Harrison-Bernard LM; Dipp S; Primrose G; Imig JD; El-Dahr SS. 1999. Early onset salt-sensitive hypertension in bradykinin B(2) receptor null mice. Hypertension 34(2):176-80. PubMed: 10454437MGI: J:88466
- Cervenka L; Vaneckova I; Maly J; Horacek V; El-Dahr SS. 2003. Genetic inactivation of the B2 receptor in mice worsens two-kidney, one-clip hypertension: role of NO and the AT2 receptor. J Hypertens 21(8):1531-8. PubMed: 12872048MGI: J:106003
- Diehl SA; McElvany B; Noubade R; Seeberger N; Harding B; Spach K; Teuscher C. 2014. G proteins Galphai1/3 are critical targets for Bordetella pertussis toxin-induced vasoactive amine sensitization. Infect Immun 82(2):773-82. PubMed: 24478091MGI: J:209809
- Duka I; Kintsurashvili E; Gavras I; Johns C; Bresnahan M; Gavras H. 2001. Vasoactive potential of the b(1) bradykinin receptor in normotension and hypertension. Circ Res 88(3):275-81. PubMed: 11179194MGI: J:115601
- Duka I; Shenouda S; Johns C; Kintsurashvili E; Gavras I; Gavras H. 2001. Role of the B(2) receptor of bradykinin in insulin sensitivity. Hypertension 38(6):1355-60. PubMed: 11751717MGI: J:103241
- Dutra RC; Bento AF; Leite DF; Manjavachi MN; Marcon R; Bicca MA; Pesquero JB; Calixto JB. 2013. The role of kinin B1 and B2 receptors in the persistent pain induced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice: evidence for the involvement of astrocytes. Neurobiol Dis 54:82-93. PubMed: 23454198MGI: J:197950
- Dutra RC; Leite DF; Bento AF; Manjavachi MN; Patricio ES; Figueiredo CP; Pesquero JB; Calixto JB. 2011. The role of kinin receptors in preventing neuroinflammation and its clinical severity during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. PLoS One 6(11):e27875. PubMed: 22132157MGI: J:201039
- El-Dahr SS; Aboudehen K; Dipp S. 2008. Bradykinin B2 receptor null mice harboring a Ser23-to-Ala substitution in the p53 gene are protected from renal dysgenesis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 295(5):F1404-13. PubMed: 18753293MGI: J:140998
- El-Dahr SS; Harrison-Bernard LM; Dipp S; Yosipiv IV; Meleg-Smith S. 2000. Bradykinin B2 null mice are prone to renal dysplasia: gene-environment interactions in kidney development Physiol Genomics 3(3):121-31. PubMed: 11015607MGI: J:65386
- Emanueli C; Fink E; Milia AF; Salis MB; Conti M; Demontis MP; Madeddu P. 1998. Enhanced blood pressure sensitivity to deoxycorticosterone in mice with disruption of bradykinin B2 receptor gene. Hypertension 31(6):1278-83. PubMed: 9622142MGI: J:48384
- Emanueli C; Maestri R; Corradi D; Marchione R; Minasi A; Tozzi MG; Salis MB; Straino S; Capogrossi MC; Olivetti G; Madeddu P. 1999. Dilated and failing cardiomyopathy in bradykinin B(2) receptor knockout mice [see comments] Circulation 100(23):2359-65. PubMed: 10587341MGI: J:59835
- Fan H; Harrell JR; Dipp S; Saifudeen Z; El-Dahr SS. 2005. A novel pathological role of p53 in kidney development revealed by gene-environment interactions. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 288(1):F98-107. PubMed: 15383401MGI: J:104678
- Fan H; Stefkova J; El-Dahr SS. 2006. Susceptibility to metanephric apoptosis in bradykinin B2 receptor null mice via the p53-Bax pathway. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 291(3):F670-82. PubMed: 16571598MGI: J:111678
- Fang C; Stavrou E; Schmaier AA; Grobe N; Morris M; Chen A; Nieman MT; Adams GN; LaRusch G; Zhou Y; Bilodeau ML; Mahdi F; Warnock M; Schmaier AH. 2013. Angiotensin 1-7 and Mas decrease thrombosis in Bdkrb2-/- mice by increasing NO and prostacyclin to reduce platelet spreading and glycoprotein VI activation. Blood 121(15):3023-32. PubMed: 23386129MGI: J:196472
- Ferreira J; Campos MM; Pesquero JB; Araujo RC; Bader M; Calixto JB. 2001. Evidence for the participation of kinins in Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory and nociceptive responses in kinin B1 and B2 receptor knockout mice. Neuropharmacology 41(8):1006-12. PubMed: 11747905MGI: J:179423
- Gobel K; Pankratz S; Asaridou CM; Herrmann AM; Bittner S; Merker M; Ruck T; Glumm S; Langhauser F; Kraft P; Krug TF; Breuer J; Herold M; Gross CC; Beckmann D; Korb-Pap A; Schuhmann MK; Kuerten S; Mitroulis I; Ruppert C; Nolte MW; Panousis C; Klotz L; Kehrel B; Korn T; Langer HF; Pap T; Nieswandt B; Wiendl H; Chavakis T; Kleinschnitz C; Meuth SG. 2016. Blood coagulation factor XII drives adaptive immunity during neuroinflammation via CD87-mediated modulation of dendritic cells. Nat Commun 7:11626. PubMed: 27188843MGI: J:239929
- Han ED; MacFarlane RC; Mulligan AN; Scafidi J; Davis AE 3rd. 2002. Increased vascular permeability in C1 inhibitor-deficient mice mediated by the bradykinin type 2 receptor. J Clin Invest 109(8):1057-63. PubMed: 11956243MGI: J:76090
- Harrison-Bernard LM; Dipp S; El-Dahr SS. 2003. Renal and blood pressure phenotype in 18-mo-old bradykinin B2R(-/-)CRD mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 285(4):R782-90. PubMed: 12805091MGI: J:84494
- Hess JF; Chen RZ; Hey P; Breese R; Chang RS; Chen TB; Bock MG; Vogt T; Pettibone DJ. 2006. Generation and characterization of a humanized bradykinin B1 receptor mouse. Biol Chem 387(2):195-201. PubMed: 16497152MGI: J:135789
- Hillmeister P; Gatzke N; Dulsner A; Bader M; Schadock I; Hoefer I; Hamann I; Infante-Duarte C; Jung G; Troidl K; Urban D; Stawowy P; Frentsch M; Li M; Nagorka S; Wang H; Shi Y; le Noble F; Buschmann I. 2011. Arteriogenesis is modulated by bradykinin receptor signaling. Circ Res 109(5):524-33. PubMed: 21719759MGI: J:186598
- Isbell DC; Voros S; Yang Z; DiMaria JM; Berr SS; French BA; Epstein FH; Bishop SP; Wang H; Roy RJ; Kemp BA; Matsubara H; Carey RM; Kramer CM. 2007. Interaction between bradykinin subtype 2 and angiotensin II type 2 receptors during post-MI left ventricular remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293(6):H3372-8. PubMed: 17933966MGI: J:132208
- Jaffa MA; Kobeissy F; Al Hariri M; Chalhoub H; Eid A; Ziyadeh FN; Jaffa AA. 2012. Global renal gene expression profiling analysis in B2-kinin receptor null mice: impact of diabetes. PLoS One 7(9):e44714. PubMed: 23028588MGI: J:191871
- Kahn R; Hellmark T; Leeb-Lundberg LM; Akbari N; Todiras M; Olofsson T; Wieslander J; Christensson A; Westman K; Bader M; Muller-Esterl W; Karpman D. 2009. Neutrophil-derived proteinase 3 induces kallikrein-independent release of a novel vasoactive kinin. J Immunol 182(12):7906-15. PubMed: 19494315MGI: J:149285
- Kakoki M; Sullivan KA; Backus C; Hayes JM; Oh SS; Hua K; Gasim AM; Tomita H; Grant R; Nossov SB; Kim HS; Jennette JC; Feldman EL; Smithies O. 2010. Lack of both bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors enhances nephropathy, neuropathy, and bone mineral loss in Akita diabetic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(22):10190-5. PubMed: 20479236MGI: J:161075
- Krankel N; Kuschnerus K; Muller M; Speer T; Mocharla P; Madeddu P; Bader M; Luscher TF; Landmesser U. 2013. Novel insights into the critical role of bradykinin and the kinin B2 receptor for vascular recruitment of circulating endothelial repair-promoting mononuclear cell subsets: alterations in patients with coronary disease. Circulation 127(5):594-603. PubMed: 23275384MGI: J:210277
- Lu F; Chauhan AK; Fernandes SM; Walsh MT; Wagner DD; Davis AE 3rd. 2008. The effect of C1 inhibitor on intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295(5):G1042-9. PubMed: 18787060MGI: J:142529
- Madeddu P; Emanueli C; Gaspa L; Salis B; Milia AF; Chao L; Chao J. 1999. Role of the bradykinin B2 receptor in the maturation of blood pressure phenotype: lesson from transgenic and knockout mice Immunopharmacology 44(1-2):9-13. PubMed: 10604518MGI: J:59794
- Madeddu P; Emanueli C; Maestri R; Salis MB; Minasi A; Capogrossi MC; Olivetti G. 2000. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade prevents cardiac remodeling in bradykinin B(2) receptor knockout mice Hypertension 35(1 Pt 2):391-6. PubMed: 10642330MGI: J:60047
- Madeddu P; Salis MB; Emanueli C. 1999. Altered baroreflex control of heart rate in bradykinin B2-receptor knockout mice Immunopharmacology 45(1-3):21-7. PubMed: 10614985MGI: J:59776
- Madeddu P; Varoni MV; Palomba D; Emanueli C; Demontis MP; Glorioso N; Dessi-Fulgheri P; Sarzani R; Anania V. 1997. Cardiovascular phenotype of a mouse strain with disruption of bradykinin B2-receptor gene. Circulation 96(10):3570-8. PubMed: 9396457MGI: J:112265
- Maestri R; Milia AF; Salis MB; Graiani G; Lagrasta C; Monica M; Corradi D; Emanueli C; Madeddu P. 2003. Cardiac hypertrophy and microvascular deficit in kinin B2 receptor knockout mice. Hypertension 41(5):1151-5. PubMed: 12654715MGI: J:103026
- Maul B; Krause W; Pankow K; Becker M; Gembardt F; Alenina N; Walther T; Bader M; Siems WE. 2005. Central angiotensin II controls alcohol consumption via its AT1 receptor. FASEB J 19(11):1474-81. PubMed: 16126915MGI: J:101196
- Milia AF; Gross V; Plehm R; De Silva JA Jr; Bader M; Luft FC. 2001. Normal blood pressure and renal function in mice lacking the bradykinin B(2) receptor. Hypertension 37(6):1473-9. PubMed: 11408397MGI: J:103234
- Monteiro AC; Schmitz V; Svensjo E; Gazzinelli RT; Almeida IC; Todorov A; de Arruda LB; Torrecilhas AC; Pesquero JB; Morrot A; Bouskela E; Bonomo A; Lima AP; Muller-Esterl W; Scharfstein J. 2006. Cooperative activation of TLR2 and bradykinin B2 receptor is required for induction of type 1 immunity in a mouse model of subcutaneous infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. J Immunol 177(9):6325-35. PubMed: 17056563MGI: J:140513
- Picard N; Eladari D; El Moghrabi S; Planes C; Bourgeois S; Houillier P; Wang Q; Burnier M; Deschenes G; Knepper MA; Meneton P; Chambrey R. 2008. Defective ENaC processing and function in tissue kallikrein-deficient mice. J Biol Chem 283(8):4602-11. PubMed: 18086683MGI: J:132178
- Prediger RD; Medeiros R; Pandolfo P; Duarte FS; Passos GF; Pesquero JB; Campos MM; Calixto JB; Takahashi RN. 2008. Genetic deletion or antagonism of kinin B(1) and B(2) receptors improves cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 151(3):631-43. PubMed: 18191900MGI: J:135258
- Rhaleb NE; Peng H; Alfie ME; Shesely EG; Carretero OA. 1999. Effect of ACE inhibitor on DOCA-salt- and aortic coarctation-induced hypertension in mice: do kinin B2 receptors play a role? Hypertension 33(1 Pt 2):329-34. PubMed: 9931125MGI: J:53680
- Rodi D; Buzzi A; Barbieri M; Zucchini S; Verlengia G; Binaschi A; Regoli D; Boschi A; Ongali B; Couture R; Simonato M. 2013. Bradykinin B receptors increase hippocampal excitability and susceptibility to seizures in mice. Neuroscience 248C:392-402. PubMed: 23811399MGI: J:207053
- Rodrigues ES; Martin RP; Felipe SA; Bader M; Oliveira SM; Shimuta SI. 2009. Cross talk between kinin and angiotensin II receptors in mouse abdominal aorta. Biol Chem 390(9):907-13. PubMed: 19453270MGI: J:164962
- Rupniak NM; Boyce S; Webb JK; Williams AR; Carlson EJ; Hill RG ; Borkowski JA ; Hess JF. 1997. Effects of the bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist des-Arg9[Leu8]bradykinin and genetic disruption of the B2 receptor on nociception in rats and mice. Pain 71(1):89-97. PubMed: 9200178MGI: J:41328
- Sanchez de Miguel L; Neysari S; Jakob S; Petrimpol M; Butz N; Banfi A; Zaugg CE; Humar R; Battegay EJ. 2008. B2-kinin receptor plays a key role in B1-, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-, and vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated in vitro angiogenesis in the hypoxic mouse heart. Cardiovasc Res 80(1):106-13. PubMed: 18566101MGI: J:161893
- Schanstra JP; Bachvarova M; Neau E; Bascands JL; Bachvarov D. 2007. Gene expression profiling in the remnant kidney model of wild type and kinin B1 and B2 receptor knockout mice. Kidney Int 72(4):442-54. PubMed: 17579666MGI: J:152886
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Additional - Ins2Akita related
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