Homozygotes are viable and fertile. Immunoblots using antibodies against both carboxy- and amino-terminal peptide sequences confirms the absence of wildtype protein in brain tissue. These CaMKKalpha-deficient mice exhibit deficits in context fear during both conditioning and long-term follow-up testing. This is accompanied by impaired activation of other kinases and substrates downstream in the Ca<sup>2+</sup>/calmodulin kinase (CaMK) cascade. Homozygous mice have normal long-term spatial memory formation, cued fear conditioning, long-term potentiation and anxiety-like behavior levels. These mutant mice may be useful in neurological studies involving the CaMK cascade, neuronal gene transcription, synaptic plasticity, contextual fear and long-term memory consolidation.

These <i> Camkk1</i> knock-out mice exhibit deficits in conditioned context fear with impaired downstream Camk4 kinase activation.  They are suitable for use in applications related to neuronal functions.

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