Transgenic mice are viable, display small eyes with cataracts and are hyperglycemic within 24 hours of age. S1 Nuclease protection assays indicate expression of calmodulin in the pancreas of 40-60 day old transgenic mice. Immunofluorescence analysis of the pancreas indicates increased levels of camodulin in B-cells of the pancreas. Camodulin fluorescing cells were not detected in the pancreatic acinar cells or any other tissue. Digital image scanning indicates the concentration of camodulin in transgenic B-cells is 5-fold higher than in wild type controls. Pancreatic insulin is 28% of control levels by 15 days of age. Insulin mRNA levels were also reduced in the transgenic animals. Transgenic mice experience hypoalbuminemia, elevated blood pressure, impaired cardiomyocytes and late stage diabetic nephropathy. Although transgenic mice are hyperglycemic within 24 hours of age, they are able to survive over a year without insulin treatment. This stock is useful for studying systemic complications related to type 1 diabetes. <p>&nbsp;</p>

Transgenic mice develop severe diabetes within hours of birth. The diabetes is progressive and characterized by elevated blood glucose and glucagon that coincides with reduced serum and pancreatic insulin.  There is a 5-fold increase in the content of calmodulin and its mRNA in beta cells of the pancreas. This stock is useful for studying systemic complications related to type 1 diabetes.

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