APP/PS1 are double transgenic mice expressing a chimeric mouse/human amyloid precursor protein (Mo/HuAPP695swe) and a mutant human presenilin 1 (PS1-dE9), both directed to CNS neurons. Both mutations are associated with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. These mice may be useful in studying neurological disorders of the brain, specifically Alzheimer's disease, amyloid plaque formation and aging.
Dr. David R Borchelt, University of Florida
| Genetic Background | Generation |
|---|---|
|
?+F17
|
| Allele Type |
|---|
| Transgenic (Inserted expressed sequence, Humanized sequence) |
APP/PS1 are double transgenic mice expressing a chimeric mouse/human amyloid precursor protein (Mo/HuAPP695swe) and a mutant human presenilin 1 (PS1-dE9), both directed to CNS neurons. Both mutations are associated with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. The "humanized" Mo/HuAPP695swe transgene allows the mice to secrete a human A-beta peptide. Both the transgenic peptide and holoprotein can be detected by antibodies specific for human sequence within this region (Signet Laboratories' monoclonal 6E10 antibody). The included Swedish mutations (K595N/M596L) elevate the amount of A-beta produced from the transgene by favoring processing through the beta-secretase pathway. This "humanized" Mo/HuAPP695swe protein is immunodetected in whole brain protein homogenates. The transgenic mutant human presenilin protein (PS1-dE9), which in high levels displaces detectable endogenous mouse protein, is also immunodetected in whole brain protein homogenates.
The donating investigator reports that transgenic mice develop beta-amyloid deposits in brain by 6 to 7 months of age. Between 6 and 15 months of age, mice exhibit a gender-based disparity in beta-amyloid burden.
Females develop a 5-fold (Aβ42) and 10-fold (Aβ40) increase in beta-amyloid deposits in the cerebellum by 15 months as compared to males. Accumulation of plaques is more abundant in the molecular layer than in the granular layer. In the cortex, the beta-amyloid burden is increased in both sexes in parallel (Ordonez-Guiterrez et al. Jnl Alz Dis 2016).
APP/PS1 hemizygotes on a C57BL/6;C3H genetic background (Stock No. 004462) do not exhibit any seizure phenotype. These animals also display a slight alteration in their tail phenotype (e.g., kinked tail) that is believed to be due to the mixed genetic background of the strain and is not related to transgene expression. This strain does not carry the retinal degeneration allele Pde6brd1.
In contrast, APP/PS1 hemizygotes on a C57BL/6J-congenic background (see Stock No. 005864) exhibit seizure activity. Specifically, hemizygous mice on the C57BL/6 background (N9B6) exhibit a high incidence of seizures, as detected by video-EEG. 25% of transgenic mice, 3 to 3.5 months in age, exhibit at least 1 seizure. By 4.5 months of age, seizure incidence increases to 55%. 10-15% mortality is reported for transgenic mice on the congenic (N9) C57BL/6 background (Minkeviciene et al. J Neurosci. 2009). At 17-18 weeks of age, hemizygous mice on the congenic C57BL/6J background (N13) exhibit epileptiform discharges as detected by video-EEG. Mortality was 38% (6/16) and some mutant mice experienced spontaneous seizures during the experiments. Antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproate) reduce the frequency of spontaneous electrographic epileptiform discharges (Ziyatdinova et al. Epilepsy Res 2011).
Two expression plasmids (Mo/HuAPP695swe and PS1-dE9) were designed to each be controlled by independent mouse prion protein (PrP) promoter elements, directing transgene expression predominantly to CNS neurons. The Mo/HuAPP695swe transgene expresses a "humanized" mouse amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein gene modified at three amino acids to reflect the human residues and further modified to contain the K595N/M596L (also called K670N/M671L) mutations linked to familial Alzheimers. The PS1-dE9 transgene expresses a mutant human presenilin 1 carrying the exon-9-deleted variant (PSEN1dE9) associated with familial Alzheimer's disease. These constructs were coinjected into (C57BL/6 x C3H)F2 pronuclei and insertion of the transgenes occured at a single locus. Founder line 85 was obtained and the resulting colony was maintained as a hemizygote.
| Expressed Gene | APP, amyloid beta precursor protein, human |
|---|---|
| Expressed Gene | PSEN1, presenilin 1, human |
| Site of Expression |
| Allele Name | transgene insertion 85, David R Borchelt |
|---|---|
| Allele Type | Transgenic (Inserted expressed sequence, Humanized sequence) |
| Allele Synonym(s) | 2xTg Ad; APdE9; APP/PS1; APP-PS1; APPswe/PS1dE9; APPswe/PS1deltaE9; Mo/Hu APPswe PS1dE9; Tg(APP*Swe,PSEN1*)85Dbo |
| Gene Symbol and Name | Tg(APPswe,PSEN1dE9)85Dbo, transgene insertion 85, David R Borchelt |
| Gene Synonym(s) | |
| Promoter | Prn, prion protein readthrough transcript, mouse, laboratory |
| Expressed Gene | APP, amyloid beta precursor protein, human |
| Expressed Gene | PSEN1, presenilin 1, human |
| Strain of Origin | (C57BL/6 x C3H)F2 |
| Chromosome | 9 |
| General Note | Mice carrying this double transgene develop beta-amyloid deposits in the brain by 6 to 7 months of age. |
| Molecular Note | Two transgenes inserted at a single locus in Chromosome 9 between Arpp21 and Pdcd6ip. Each transgene is controlled by the mouse prion promoter and contains a cDNA sequence. In one transgene the cDNA encodes a chimeric amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (APPswe). In the second transgene the cDNA encodes the "DeltaE9" mutation of human presenilin 1. The DeltaE9 mutation of the human presenilin 1 gene is a deletion of exon 9 and corresponds to a form of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. The amyloid beta precursor protein coding sequences were altered by replacing mouse sequence encoding three amino acids of the A-beta domain with the human coding sequence for these residues. The chimeric amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein sequence was then further modified to encode the Swedish mutations K595N/M596L found in human. Both the transgenic peptide and holoprotein are detected by Signet Laboratories' monoclonal 6E10 antibody, which is specific for human sequence within this region. Human presenilin protein, which in high levels displaces detectable endogenous mouse protein, is immunodetected in the double transgenic mouse in whole brain protein homogenates. Human amyloid precursor protein is also immunodetected in these mice in whole brain protein homogenates. Transgene insertion occurred on Chr 9, causing a 1 bp duplication. |
| Mutations Made By | Dr. David Borchelt, University of Florida |
When maintaining a live colony, hemizygotes may be bred with wildtype (noncarrier) siblings. Coat color expected from breeding is black or agouti. Please note: male aggression is sometimes observed in this strain and may require separate housing.
When using the APP/PS1 mouse strain in a publication, please cite the originating article(s) and include MMRRC stock #34829 in your Materials and Methods section.
The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project. We do not guarantee breeding performance and therefore suggest that investigators order more than one breeding pair to avoid delays in their research.
"MICE" means mouse strains, their progeny derived by inbreeding or crossbreeding, unmodified derivatives from mouse strains or their progeny supplied by The Jackson Laboratory ("JACKSON"). "PRODUCT(S)" means biological materials supplied by JACKSON, and their derivatives. "SERVICES" means projects conducted by JACKSON for other parties that may include but are not limited to the use of MICE or PRODUCTS. "RECIPIENT" means each recipient of MICE, PRODUCTS, or SERVICES provided by JACKSON including each institution, its employees and other researchers under its control. MICE or PRODUCTS shall not be: (i) used for any purpose other than internal research, (ii) sold or otherwise provided to any third party for any use, or (iii) provided to any agent or other third party to provide breeding or other services. Acceptance of MICE, PRODUCTS or SERVICES from JACKSON shall be deemed as agreement by RECIPIENT to these conditions, and departure from these conditions requires JACKSON’s prior written authorization.
MICE, PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ARE PROVIDED "AS IS". JACKSON EXTENDS NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, WITH RESPECT TO MICE, PRODUCTS OR SERVICES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.
In case of dissatisfaction for a valid reason and claimed in writing by a purchaser within ninety (90) days of receipt of, PRODUCTS or SERVICES, JACKSON will, at its option, provide credit or replacement for the PRODUCT received or the SERVICES provided; JACKSON makes no other representations and this shall be the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. Please note specific policy for live mice.
Consistent with the requirement for a written understanding regarding animal care and use, the JACKSON Animal Care and Use Committee will review the animal care and use protocol(s) associated with any SERVICES to be performed at JACKSON, and JACKSON shall have ultimate responsibility and authority for the care of animals while on site or in JACKSON custody.
In no event shall JACKSON, its trustees, directors, officers, employees, and affiliates be liable for any causes of action or damages, including any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, arising out of the provision of MICE, PRODUCTS, or SERVICES, including economic damage or injury to property and lost profits, and including any damage arising from acts or negligence on the part of JACKSON, its agents or employees. Unless prohibited by law, in purchasing or receiving MICE, PRODUCTS, or SERVICES from JACKSON, purchaser or recipient, or any party claiming by or through them, expressly releases and discharges JACKSON from all such causes of action or damages, and further agrees to defend and indemnify JACKSON from any costs or damages arising out of any third party claims.
MICE, PRODUCTS or SERVICES are to be used in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable governmental rules and regulations.
The foregoing represents the General Terms and Conditions applicable to JACKSON’s MICE, PRODUCTS or SERVICES. In addition, special terms and conditions of sale of certain MICE, PRODUCTS, or SERVICES may be set forth separately in JACKSON web pages, catalogs, price lists, contracts, and/or other documents, and these special terms and conditions shall also govern the sale of these MICE, PRODUCTS and SERVICES by JACKSON, and by its licensees and distributors.
Acceptance of delivery of MICE, PRODUCTS or SERVICES shall be deemed agreement to these terms and conditions. No purchase order or other document transmitted by purchaser or recipient that may modify the terms and conditions hereof, shall be in any way binding on JACKSON, and instead the terms and conditions set forth herein, including any special terms and conditions set forth separately, shall govern the sale of MICE, PRODUCTS or SERVICES by JACKSON.
What information were you hoping to find through your search?
How easy was it to find what you were looking for?
We may wish to follow up with you. Enter your email if you are happy for us to connect and reachout to you with more questions.
Please Enter a Valid Email Address
Thank you for sharing your feedback! We are working on improving the JAX Mice search. Come back soon for exciting changes.