Mice that are homozygous for this targeted mutation are viable, fertile and normal in size. As this mutation is X-linked, males bearing the targeted allele display a mutant phenotype similar to that seen in homozygous females. Gene product activity, as measured by clotting activity using an activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) Factor IX assay, was reduced to 8% of normal. Homozygous female and hemizygous male mice experience spontaneous bleeding that can lead to swelling of the top of the feet or the footpads. Sudden death due to massive internal hemorrhaging can occur as a result of normal fighting in the cage. Tail cut wounds must be cauterized to prevent blood loss and death in mutant mice. This mutant mouse strain represents a model that may be useful in studies related to gene therapy methods and function of factor IX mutations.

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These <i> F9</i> knock-out mice exhibit curtailed clotting activity with spontaneous hemorrhage in footpad tissues and subcutaneous hemorrhages.

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