JAX
Mouse Strain Datasheet
B6C3-Tg(APP695)3Dbo Tg(PSEN1)5Dbo/Mmjax
These double transgenic mice express human presenilin 1 and a chimeric amyloid precursor protein. Brain tissue of these mice exhibit amyloid deposits resembling those observed in Alzheimer's disease.
Donating Investigator
Dr. David R Borchelt, University of Florida
Genetic overview
| Genetic Background | Generation |
|---|---|
|
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Tg(APP695)3Dbo
| Allele Type |
|---|
| Transgenic (Humanized sequence, Inserted expressed sequence) |
Tg(PSEN1)5Dbo
| Allele Type |
|---|
| Transgenic (Humanized sequence, Inserted expressed sequence) |
Detailed Description
These transgenic mice express human presenilin 1 (A246E variant) and a chimeric amyloid precursor protein (APPSwe). The mouse prion protein promoter directs expression of both transgenes. Elevated levels of the AB1-42(43) peptide is detected in brain homogenates. By nine months of age, histological examination of brain tissue reveals numerous amyloid deposits resembling those observed in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The number of amyloid deposits increases dramatically between the ages of 10 and 12 months. These mice provide a useful model for studying the underlying mechanism of amyloid deposition, a process implicated in AD.
Development
Mouse pronuclei (B6C3H) were injected with an expression plasmid containing a mouse prion promoter and a cDNA encoding human presenilin 1 bearing the A246E substitution (line N-5). Another subset of mouse pronuclei (B6C3H) were injected with an expression plasmid containing a cDNA encoding a chimeric amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein, also regulated by the mouse prion promoter (line C3-3). The chimeric APP molecule was created by replacing sequences encoding the Abeta domain of the murine sequence with the cognate sequences of the human gene (mutations K595N, M596L). The two transgenic lines were subsequently mated to generate the double transgenic.
Expression Data
| Expressed Gene | APP695, amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (chimeric), mouse/human chimera |
|---|---|
| Site of Expression | |
| Expressed Gene | PSEN1, presenilin 1, human |
| Site of Expression |
Control Suggestions
Selected References
- Borchelt DR; Ratovitski T; van Lare J; Lee MK; Gonzales V; Jenkins NA; Copeland NG; Price DL; Sisodia SS. 1997. Accelerated amyloid deposition in the brains of transgenic mice coexpressing mutant presenilin 1 and amyloid precursor proteins. Neuron 19(4):939-45. PubMed: 9354339MGI: J:43788
Tg(APP695)3Dbo
Allele Symbol: Tg(APP695)3Dbo
| Allele Name | transgene insertion 3, David R Borchelt |
|---|---|
| Allele Type | Transgenic (Humanized sequence, Inserted expressed sequence) |
| Allele Synonym(s) | APP695; APP695swe; APPswe; Mo/HuAPPswe; line C3-3 |
| Gene Symbol and Name | Tg(APP695)3Dbo, transgene insertion 3, David R Borchelt |
| Gene Synonym(s) | APP695; APP695swe; APPswe; Mo/HuAPPswe; line C3-3 |
| Promoter | Prn, prion protein readthrough transcript, mouse, laboratory |
| Expressed Gene | APP695, amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (chimeric), mouse/human chimera |
| Strain of Origin | (C57BL/6J x C3H/HeJ)F2 |
| Chromosome | UN |
| General Note | Three transgenic lines were generated and designated by the authors lines Q2-2, E1-2 (Tg(Prnp-App/APPswe)E1-2Dbo) and C3-3. This line was generated from founder number C3-3. Transgenic mice develop amyloid deposits in brain tissue by 18-20 months of age. Transgenic mice that are also transgenic for Tg(PSEN1)5Dboexpress both human presenilin 1 (A246E variant) and a chimeric amyloid precursor protein (APPSwe) under direction of the mouse prion protein promoter. Elevated levels of the AB1-42(43) peptide are detected in brain homogenates. By nine months of age, histological examination of brain tissue from these mice reveals numerous amyloid deposits resembling those observed in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The number of amyloid deposits increases dramatically between the ages of 10 and 12 months. |
| Molecular Note | The transgene is composed of a cDNA encoding a chimeric APP protein regulated by the mouse prion promoter. The chimeric APP molecule was created by replacing sequences encoding the Abeta domain of a 695 amino acid isoform of the murine sequence with the cognate sequences of the human gene (mutations K595N, M596L). The human mutations are found in familial Alzheimer's disease. Transgene expression was observed in the brain and heart by Western blot analysis using a monoclonal antibody recognizing the human Abeta region. |
| Mutations Made By | Dr. David Borchelt, University of Florida |
Tg(PSEN1)5Dbo
Allele Symbol: Tg(PSEN1)5Dbo
| Allele Name | transgene insertion 5, David R Borchelt |
|---|---|
| Allele Type | Transgenic (Humanized sequence, Inserted expressed sequence) |
| Allele Synonym(s) | APP/PS1; Hu PS1-A246E; PS1 A246E; PS1-A246E; PS1/A246E; PS1A246E; Tg(PSEN1*A246E)5Dbo |
| Gene Symbol and Name | Tg(PSEN1)5Dbo, transgene insertion 5, David R Borchelt |
| Gene Synonym(s) | Hu PS1-A246E; PS1 A246E; PS1-A246E; PS1/A246E; PS1A246E |
| Promoter | Prnp, prion protein, mouse, laboratory |
| Expressed Gene | PSEN1, presenilin 1, human |
| Strain of Origin | Not Specified |
| Chromosome | UN |
| General Note | This line was generated from founder number N-5. Transgenic mice that are also transgenic for Tg(APP695)3Dboexpress both human presenilin 1 (A246E variant) and a chimeric amyloid precursor protein (APPSwe) under direction of the mouse prion protein promoter. Elevated levels of the AB1-42(43) peptide are detected in brain homogenates. By nine months of age, histological examination of brain tissue from these mice reveals numerous amyloid deposits resembling those observed in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The number of amyloid deposits increases dramatically between the ages of 10 and 12 months. |
| Molecular Note | The transgene consists of a mouse prion promoter and a cDNA encoding human presenilin 1 bearing the A246E substitution found in familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). Transgene expression was verified by Northern and Western blot analysis of brain extracts derived from transgenic animals. |
| Mutations Made By | Dr. David Borchelt, University of Florida |
Disease Terms
Research Areas By Genotype
This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:
- Neurobiology Research
- Alzheimer's Disease
- APP and PSEN1 mutants
- Presenilin mutants
- strains expressing mutant APP
- Alzheimer's Disease
Genotype: Tg(APP695)3Dbo related
- Neurobiology Research
- Alzheimer's Disease
- Neurodegeneration
Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype
Genotype: Tg(APP695)3Dbo/0 Tg(PSEN1)5Dbo/0
involves: C3H/HeJ * C57BL/6J
nervous system phenotype
- abnormal neuron morphology
- dystrophic neuritis associated with reactive gliosis in cortex and hippocampus (MGI Ref ID J:43788)
- abnormal neuron physiology
- neurons in cingulate cortex display 3-fold elevation in phosphorylated tumor suppressor protein (pRb) and activated caspase-3 relative to wild-type neurons (MGI Ref ID J:100961)
- amyloid beta deposits
- amyloid beta deposits found in cortex and hippocampus tissue from 9 and 12 month old mice and increase in number between 10 ans 12 months of age (MGI Ref ID J:43788)
- amyloid beta peptides AB1-40 and AB1-42 are codeposited (MGI Ref ID J:43788)
- exhibits a 50% increase in amyloid beta peptide 42 (MGI Ref ID J:87691)
- immunoreactive amyloid beta deposits are observed in the cingulate cortex in 12 month-old double transgenic mice; deposits are most evident in gray matter of cingulate and enthorhinal cortex, and to lesser extent in non-neuronal layers of the hippocampal formationformation (MGI Ref ID J:100961)
- ratio of amyloid beta peptide 40:42 is 1.75:1 (MGI Ref ID J:87691)
- astrocytosis
- associated with dystropic neuritis in cortex and hippocampus (MGI Ref ID J:43788)
- nervous system phenotype
- no differences in neuron number in cingulate cortex relative to wild-type (MGI Ref ID J:100961)
homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- amyloid beta deposits
- amyloid beta deposits found in cortex and hippocampus tissue from 9 and 12 month old mice and increase in number between 10 ans 12 months of age (MGI Ref ID J:43788)
- amyloid beta peptides AB1-40 and AB1-42 are codeposited (MGI Ref ID J:43788)
- exhibits a 50% increase in amyloid beta peptide 42 (MGI Ref ID J:87691)
- immunoreactive amyloid beta deposits are observed in the cingulate cortex in 12 month-old double transgenic mice; deposits are most evident in gray matter of cingulate and enthorhinal cortex, and to lesser extent in non-neuronal layers of the hippocampal formationformation (MGI Ref ID J:100961)
- ratio of amyloid beta peptide 40:42 is 1.75:1 (MGI Ref ID J:87691)
The following phenotype information is associated with a similar, but not exact match to this JAX® Mice strain
Genotype: Tg(APP695)3Dbo/0 Tg(PSEN1)5Dbo/0
B6.Cg-Tg(APP695)3Dbo Tg(PSEN1)5Dbo
nervous system phenotype
- amyloid beta deposits
- at 12 and 17 months of age, females have significantly more plaques in the hippocampus compared to males; plaque load increases dramatically with age in mice, particularly in females (MGI Ref ID J:100956)
behavior/neurological phenotype
- abnormal discrimination learning
- escape latencies across trial blocks in left-right discrimination learning are elevated and decrease little in comparison to decreased escape latencies exhibited in controls (MGI Ref ID J:142183)
- required higher trials to reach criterion and committed more errors in comparison to controls (MGI Ref ID J:142183)
- abnormal nest building behavior
- poor nest building ability in comparison to controls (MGI Ref ID J:142183)
- abnormal touch/ nociception
- increased irritability in response to touch escape test as compared to control (MGI Ref ID J:142183)
- behavioral despair
- increased duration of immobility in Porsolt forced swim test (MGI Ref ID J:142183)
- impaired passive avoidance behavior
- poor retention latency exhibited in light-dark step through box (MGI Ref ID J:142183)
integument phenotype
- abnormal touch/ nociception
- increased irritability in response to touch escape test as compared to control (MGI Ref ID J:142183)
homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- amyloid beta deposits
- at 12 and 17 months of age, females have significantly more plaques in the hippocampus compared to males; plaque load increases dramatically with age in mice, particularly in females (MGI Ref ID J:100956)
References
- Borchelt DR; Ratovitski T; van Lare J; Lee MK; Gonzales V; Jenkins NA; Copeland NG; Price DL; Sisodia SS. 1997. Accelerated amyloid deposition in the brains of transgenic mice coexpressing mutant presenilin 1 and amyloid precursor proteins. Neuron 19(4):939-45. PubMed: 9354339MGI: J:43788
Additional References
- Borchelt DR; Davis J; Fischer M; Lee MK; Slunt HH; Ratovitsky T; Regard J; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA; Sisodia SS; Price DL. 1996. A vector for expressing foreign genes in the brains and hearts of transgenic mice. Genet Anal 13(6):159-63. PubMed: 9117892MGI: J:80782
- Borchelt DR; Thinakaran G; Eckman CB; Lee MK; Davenport F; Ratovitsky T; Prada CM; Kim G; Seekins S; Yager D; Slunt HH; Wang R; Seeger M; Levey AI; Gandy SE; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA; Price DL; Younkin SG; Sisodia SS. 1996. Familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin 1 variants elevate Abeta1-42/1-40 ratio in vitro and in vivo. Neuron 17(5):1005-13. PubMed: 8938131MGI: J:80882
- Filali M; Lalonde R; Rivest S. 2008. Cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors in an APPswe/PS1 bigenic model of Alzheimer's disease. Genes Brain Behav 8(2):143-8. PubMed: 19077180MGI: J:142183
Additional - Tg(APP695)3Dbo related
- Bailey AR; Hou H; Obregon DF; Tian J; Zhu Y; Zou Q; Nikolic WV; Bengtson M; Mori T; Murphy T; Tan J. 2012. Aberrant T-lymphocyte development and function in mice overexpressing human soluble amyloid precursor protein-alpha: implications for autism. FASEB J 26(3):1040-51. PubMed: 22085641MGI: J:182808
- Bailey AR; Hou H; Song M; Obregon DF; Portis S; Barger S; Shytle D; Stock S; Mori T; Sanberg PG; Murphy T; Tan J. 2013. GFAP expression and social deficits in transgenic mice overexpressing human sAPPalpha. Glia 61(9):1556-69. PubMed: 23840007MGI: J:199441
- Boissonneault V; Plante I; Rivest S; Provost P. 2009. MicroRNA-298 and microRNA-328 regulate expression of mouse beta-amyloid precursor protein-converting enzyme 1. J Biol Chem 284(4):1971-81. PubMed: 18986979MGI: J:146980
- Borchelt DR; Davis J; Fischer M; Lee MK; Slunt HH; Ratovitsky T; Regard J; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA; Sisodia SS; Price DL. 1996. A vector for expressing foreign genes in the brains and hearts of transgenic mice. Genet Anal 13(6):159-63. PubMed: 9117892MGI: J:80782
- Borchelt DR; Thinakaran G; Eckman CB; Lee MK; Davenport F; Ratovitsky T; Prada CM; Kim G; Seekins S; Yager D; Slunt HH; Wang R; Seeger M; Levey AI; Gandy SE; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA; Price DL; Younkin SG; Sisodia SS. 1996. Familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin 1 variants elevate Abeta1-42/1-40 ratio in vitro and in vivo. Neuron 17(5):1005-13. PubMed: 8938131MGI: J:80882
- Cai D; Zhong M; Wang R; Netzer WJ; Shields D; Zheng H; Sisodia SS; Foster DA; Gorelick FS; Xu H; Greengard P. 2006. Phospholipase D1 corrects impaired betaAPP trafficking and neurite outgrowth in familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin-1 mutant neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(6):1936-40. PubMed: 16449385MGI: J:106075
- Cai Y; Xue ZQ; Zhang XM; Li MB; Wang H; Luo XG; Cai H; Yan XX. 2012. An age-related axon terminal pathology around the first olfactory relay that involves amyloidogenic protein overexpression without plaque formation. Neuroscience 215:160-73. PubMed: 22542680MGI: J:192436
- Dodson SE; Andersen OM; Karmali V; Fritz JJ; Cheng D; Peng J; Levey AI; Willnow TE; Lah JJ. 2008. Loss of LR11/SORLA enhances early pathology in a mouse model of amyloidosis: evidence for a proximal role in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 28(48):12877-86. PubMed: 19036982MGI: J:142501
- Dolev I; Fogel H; Milshtein H; Berdichevsky Y; Lipstein N; Brose N; Gazit N; Slutsky I. 2013. Spike bursts increase amyloid-beta 40/42 ratio by inducing a presenilin-1 conformational change. Nat Neurosci 16(5):587-95. PubMed: 23563578MGI: J:197603
- El-Amouri SS; Zhu H; Yu J; Marr R; Verma IM; Kindy MS. 2008. Neprilysin: an enzyme candidate to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Am J Pathol 172(5):1342-54. PubMed: 18403590MGI: J:134308
- Fernandez-Martos CM; King AE; Atkinson RA; Woodhouse A; Vickers JC. 2015. Neurofilament light gene deletion exacerbates amyloid, dystrophic neurite, and synaptic pathology in the APP/PS1 transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 36(10):2757-67. PubMed: 26344875MGI: J:232249
- Filali M; Lalonde R. 2009. Age-related cognitive decline and nesting behavior in an APPswe/PS1 bigenic model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 1292:93-9. PubMed: 19643098MGI: J:157207
- Filali M; Lalonde R; Rivest S. 2011. Subchronic memantine administration on spatial learning, exploratory activity, and nest-building in an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 60(6):930-6. PubMed: 21281652MGI: J:178504
- Filali M; Lalonde R; Rivest S. 2008. Cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors in an APPswe/PS1 bigenic model of Alzheimer's disease. Genes Brain Behav 8(2):143-8. PubMed: 19077180MGI: J:142183
- Gao L; Chen X; Tang Y; Zhao J; Li Q; Fan X; Xu H; Yin ZQ. 2015. Neuroprotective effect of memantine on the retinal ganglion cells of APPswe/PS1DeltaE9 mice and its immunomodulatory mechanisms. Exp Eye Res 135:47-58. PubMed: 25912193MGI: J:230333
- Garcia-Alloza M; Dodwell SA; Meyer-Luehmann M; Hyman BT; Bacskai BJ. 2006. Plaque-derived oxidative stress mediates distorted neurite trajectories in the Alzheimer mouse model. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 65(11):1082-9. PubMed: 17086105MGI: J:120918
- Gureviciene I; Ikonen S; Gurevicius K; Sarkaki A; van Groen T; Pussinen R; Ylinen A; Tanila H. 2004. Normal induction but accelerated decay of LTP in APP + PS1 transgenic mice. Neurobiol Dis 15(2):188-95. PubMed: 15006688MGI: J:128772
- Helft J; Manicassamy B; Guermonprez P; Hashimoto D; Silvin A; Agudo J; Brown BD; Schmolke M; Miller JC; Leboeuf M; Murphy KM; Garcia-Sastre A; Merad M. 2012. Cross-presenting CD103+ dendritic cells are protected from influenza virus infection. J Clin Invest 122(11):4037-47. PubMed: 23041628MGI: J:193561
- Horiuchi H; Parajuli B; Wang Y; Azuma YT; Mizuno T; Takeuchi H; Suzumura A. 2015. Interleukin-19 acts as a negative autocrine regulator of activated microglia. PLoS One 10(3):e0118640. PubMed: 25794104MGI: J:229575
- Huang HJ; Liang KC; Ke HC; Chang YY; Hsieh-Li HM. 2011. Long-term social isolation exacerbates the impairment of spatial working memory in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Brain Res 1371:150-60. PubMed: 21114967MGI: J:170247
- Iivonen H; Nurminen L; Harri M; Tanila H; Puolivali J. 2003. Hypothermia in mice tested in Morris water maze. Behav Brain Res 141(2):207-13. PubMed: 12742257MGI: J:130974
- Jankowsky JL; Fadale DJ; Anderson J; Xu GM; Gonzales V; Jenkins NA; Copeland NG; Lee MK; Younkin LH; Wagner SL; Younkin SG; Borchelt DR. 2004. Mutant presenilins specifically elevate the levels of the 42 residue beta-amyloid peptide in vivo: evidence for augmentation of a 42-specific gamma secretase. Hum Mol Genet 13(2):159-70. PubMed: 14645205MGI: J:87691
- Jankowsky JL; Melnikova T; Fadale DJ; Xu GM; Slunt HH; Gonzales V; Younkin LH; Younkin SG; Borchelt DR; Savonenko AV. 2005. Environmental enrichment mitigates cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 25(21):5217-24. PubMed: 15917461MGI: J:98541
- Jankowsky JL; Slunt HH; Gonzales V; Jenkins NA; Copeland NG; Borchelt DR. 2004. APP processing and amyloid deposition in mice haplo-insufficient for presenilin 1. Neurobiol Aging 25(7):885-92. PubMed: 15212842MGI: J:102351
- Joly S; Lamoureux S; Pernet V. 2017. Nonamyloidogenic processing of amyloid beta precursor protein is associated with retinal function improvement in aging male APPswe/PS1DeltaE9 mice. Neurobiol Aging 53:181-191. PubMed: 28262325MGI: J:243377
- Kalesnykas G; Roschier U; Puolivali J; Wang J; Miettinen R. 2005. The effect of aging on the subcellular distribution of estrogen receptor-alpha in the cholinergic neurons of transgenic and wild-type mice. Eur J Neurosci 21(5):1437-42. PubMed: 15813954MGI: J:101077
- Kamphuis W; Kooijman L; Orre M; Stassen O; Pekny M; Hol EM. 2015. GFAP and vimentin deficiency alters gene expression in astrocytes and microglia in wild-type mice and changes the transcriptional response of reactive glia in mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. Glia 63(6):1036-56. PubMed: 25731615MGI: J:221193
- Kamphuis W; Kooijman L; Schetters S; Orre M; Hol EM. 2016. Transcriptional profiling of CD11c-positive microglia accumulating around amyloid plaques in a mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1862(10):1847-60. PubMed: 27425031MGI: J:255474
- Kanekiyo T; Cirrito JR; Liu CC; Shinohara M; Li J; Schuler DR; Shinohara M; Holtzman DM; Bu G. 2013. Neuronal clearance of amyloid-beta by endocytic receptor LRP1. J Neurosci 33(49):19276-83. PubMed: 24305823MGI: J:204149
- Kanekiyo T; Liu CC; Shinohara M; Li J; Bu G. 2012. LRP1 in brain vascular smooth muscle cells mediates local clearance of Alzheimer's amyloid-beta. J Neurosci 32(46):16458-65. PubMed: 23152628MGI: J:192453
- Ke HC; Huang HJ; Liang KC; Hsieh-Li HM. 2011. Selective improvement of cognitive function in adult and aged APP/PS1 transgenic mice by continuous non-shock treadmill exercise. Brain Res 1403:1-11. PubMed: 21689809MGI: J:174067
- Khan UA; Liu L; Provenzano FA; Berman DE; Profaci CP; Sloan R; Mayeux R; Duff KE; Small SA. 2014. Molecular drivers and cortical spread of lateral entorhinal cortex dysfunction in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Nat Neurosci 17(2):304-11. PubMed: 24362760MGI: J:208008
- Khayer N; Marashi SA; Mirzaie M; Goshadrou F. 2017. Three-way interaction model to trace the mechanisms involved in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice. PLoS One 12(9):e0184697. PubMed: 28934252MGI: J:249829
- Laird FM; Cai H; Savonenko AV; Farah MH; He K; Melnikova T; Wen H; Chiang HC; Xu G; Koliatsos VE; Borchelt DR; Price DL; Lee HK; Wong PC. 2005. BACE1, a major determinant of selective vulnerability of the brain to amyloid-beta amyloidogenesis, is essential for cognitive, emotional, and synaptic functions. J Neurosci 25(50):11693-709. PubMed: 16354928MGI: J:123534
- Lazarov O; Morfini GA; Pigino G; Gadadhar A; Chen X; Robinson J; Ho H; Brady ST; Sisodia SS. 2007. Impairments in fast axonal transport and motor neuron deficits in transgenic mice expressing familial Alzheimer's disease-linked mutant presenilin 1. J Neurosci 27(26):7011-20. PubMed: 17596450MGI: J:122975
- Lee GD; Aruna JH; Barrett PM; Lei DL; Ingram DK; Mouton PR. 2005. Stereological analysis of microvascular parameters in a double transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 65(4):317-22. PubMed: 15811597MGI: J:135436
- Lesuisse C; Xu G; Anderson J; Wong M; Jankowsky J; Holtz G; Gonzalez V; Wong PC; Price DL; Tang F; Wagner S; Borchelt DR. 2001. Hyper-expression of human apolipoprotein E4 in astroglia and neurons does not enhance amyloid deposition in transgenic mice. Hum Mol Genet 10(22):2525-37. PubMed: 11709540MGI: J:72987
- Li G; Zou L; Jack CR Jr; Yang Y; Yang ES. 2007. Neuroprotective effect of Coenzyme Q10 on ischemic hemisphere in aged mice with mutations in the amyloid precursor protein. Neurobiol Aging 28(6):877-82. PubMed: 16806588MGI: J:121939
- Li L; Zhang X; Yang D; Luo G; Chen S; Le W. 2009. Hypoxia increases Abeta generation by altering beta- and gamma-cleavage of APP. Neurobiol Aging 30(7):1091-8. PubMed: 18063223MGI: J:152965
- Li Q; Navakkode S; Rothkegel M; Soong TW; Sajikumar S; Korte M. 2017. Metaplasticity mechanisms restore plasticity and associativity in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114(21):5527-5532. PubMed: 28484012MGI: J:242199
- Liang C; Zhu H; Xu Y; Huang L; Ma C; Deng W; Liu Y; Qin C. 2012. MicroRNA-153 negatively regulates the expression of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid precursor-like protein 2. Brain Res 1455:103-13. PubMed: 22510281MGI: J:186457
- Liu L; Ikonen S; Heikkinen T; Heikkila M; Puolivali J; van Groen T; Tanila H. 2002. Effects of fimbria-fornix lesion and amyloid pathology on spatial learning and memory in transgenic APP+PS1 mice. Behav Brain Res 134(1-2):433-45. PubMed: 12191831MGI: J:129807
- Liu L; Tapiola T; Herukka SK; Heikkila M; Tanila H. 2003. Abeta levels in serum, CSF and brain, and cognitive deficits in APP + PS1 transgenic mice. Neuroreport 14(1):163-6. PubMed: 12544850MGI: J:89843
- Liu Y; Yoo MJ; Savonenko A; Stirling W; Price DL; Borchelt DR; Mamounas L; Lyons WE; Blue ME; Lee MK. 2008. Amyloid pathology is associated with progressive monoaminergic neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 28(51):13805-14. PubMed: 19091971MGI: J:143521
- Lopez JR; Lyckman A; Oddo S; Laferla FM; Querfurth HW; Shtifman A. 2008. Increased intraneuronal resting [Ca2+] in adult Alzheimer's disease mice. J Neurochem 105(1):262-71. PubMed: 18021291MGI: J:141555
- Luo H; Wu Q; Ye X; Xiong Y; Zhu J; Xu J; Diao Y; Zhang D; Wang M; Qiu J; Miao J; Zhang W; Wan J. 2014. Genome-wide analysis of miRNA signature in the APPswe/PS1DeltaE9 mouse model of alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 9(8):e101725. PubMed: 25148207MGI: J:221085
- Manczak M; Reddy PH. 2012. Abnormal interaction between the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 and hyperphosphorylated tau in Alzheimer's disease neurons: implications for mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal damage. Hum Mol Genet 21(11):2538-47. PubMed: 22367970MGI: J:183771
- Melnikova T; Park D; Becker L; Lee D; Cho E; Sayyida N; Tian J; Bandeen-Roche K; Borchelt DR; Savonenko AV. 2016. Sex-related dimorphism in dentate gyrus atrophy and behavioral phenotypes in an inducible tTa:APPsi transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 96(None):171-185. PubMed: 27569580MGI: J:258151
- Melnikova T; Savonenko A; Wang Q; Liang X; Hand T; Wu L; Kaufmann WE; Vehmas A; Andreasson KI. 2006. Cycloxygenase-2 activity promotes cognitive deficits but not increased amyloid burden in a model of Alzheimer's disease in a sex-dimorphic pattern. Neuroscience 141(3):1149-62. PubMed: 16753269MGI: J:111748
- Mitew S; Kirkcaldie MT; Dickson TC; Vickers JC. 2013. Altered synapses and gliotransmission in Alzheimer's disease and AD model mice. Neurobiol Aging 34(10):2341-51. PubMed: 23643146MGI: J:211729
- Montgomery KS; Simmons RK; Edwards G 3rd; Nicolle MM; Gluck MA; Myers CE; Bizon JL. 2011. Novel age-dependent learning deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: Implications for translational research. Neurobiol Aging 32(7):1273-85. PubMed: 19720431MGI: J:173732
- Naert G; Rivest S. 2011. CC Chemokine Receptor 2 Deficiency Aggravates Cognitive Impairments and Amyloid Pathology in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 31(16):6208-20. PubMed: 21508244MGI: J:171601
- Nikolajsen GN; Jensen MS; West MJ. 2011. Cholinergic axon length reduced by 300 meters in the brain of an Alzheimer mouse model. Neurobiol Aging 32(11):1927-31. PubMed: 21752495MGI: J:176689
- Nikolajsen GN; Kotynski KA; Jensen MS; West MJ. 2015. Quantitative analysis of the capillary network of aged APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice. Neurobiol Aging 36(11):2954-62. PubMed: 26364735MGI: J:232245
- Oh ES; Savonenko AV; King JF; Fangmark Tucker SM; Rudow GL; Xu G; Borchelt DR; Troncoso JC. 2009. Amyloid precursor protein increases cortical neuron size in transgenic mice. Neurobiol Aging 30(8):1238-44. PubMed: 18304698MGI: J:152955
- Ojala J; Alafuzoff I; Herukka SK; van Groen T; Tanila H; Pirttila T. 2009. Expression of interleukin-18 is increased in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. Neurobiol Aging 30(2):198-209. PubMed: 17658666MGI: J:145816
- Olesen LO; Bouzinova EV; Severino M; Sivasaravanaparan M; Hasselstrom JB; Finsen B; Wiborg O. 2016. Behavioural Phenotyping of APPswe/PS1deltaE9 Mice: Age-Rrelated Changes and Effect of Long-Term Paroxetine Treatment. PLoS One 11(11):e0165144. PubMed: 27814403MGI: J:253190
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