These mice carry a spontaneous, knock-out mutation at the Ces1c locus characterized by abnormal hair growth and defective development of the thymic epithelium with a lack of T cells and cell-mediated immunity.
Read More +Genetic Background | Generation |
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Allele Type | Gene Symbol | Gene Name |
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Spontaneous (Null/Knockout) | Foxn1 | forkhead box N1 |
Marker Symbol | Marker Name | |
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Ces1c | carboxylesterase 1C |
Mice homozygous for Ces1ce are viable and fertile and exhibit no apparent defect.
Ces1ce was discovered in a screen of progeny of triethylenemelamine (TEM) treated male mice for mutations at specific loci, but appears to have pre-existed in the male. The screen employed analysis of blood and kidney homogenates by "standard starch gel electrophoresis techniques" and focused on enzymes known to differ in electrophoretic mobility between the parental strains (DBA/2J and C57BL/6J). Ces1ce was initially thought to be a null allele, but characterization of homozygous F2 mice demonstrated presence of a faint band migrating between those of the parental strains, which was not perceived in the presence of either parental band. Thus, Ces1ce was shown to be a hypomorphic electrophoretic variant (Soares 1979).
The two main defects of mice homozygous for the nude spontaneous mutation (Foxn1nu, formerly Hfh11nu) are abnormal hair growth and defective development of the thymic epithelium. Although the mice appear hairless, they are born with functional but faulty hair growth follicles. Hair growth cycles and patterns are evident especially in pigmented mice but the faulty follicles do not allow the hair to properly erupt. Homozygous pups can be identified as young as 24 hours by their lack of whiskers or poorly developed crinkled whiskers. Nude mice are also athymic caused by a developmental failure of the thymic anlage. Consequently, homozygous nude mice lack T cells and suffer from a lack of cell-mediated immunity. However there is not a defect in T-cell precursors and under the right conditions some functional mature T cells can be found especially in adult mice. Because of a defect in helper T-cell activity, responses to thymus-dependent antigens when detectable are primarily limited to IgM. Homozygous nude mice show partial defect in B cell development probably due to absence of functional T cells. Other endocrine and neurological deficiences have been reported. The use of nude mice has reduced the number of thymectomy procedures required in research projects. Females are not effective breeders. Ovulation starts late at 2.5 months and ends early at 4 months.
Ces1ce was discovered in a specific-locus mutation screen of progeny of triethylenemelamine (TEM) mutagenized male DBA/2J mice, but appears to have been a pre-existing, spontaneous mutation. Although the TEM-treated parent was unavailable for genotyping, three lines of evidence suggest he was a heterozygous carrier of the mutation: 7 of 13 (54%) of his immediate offspring were heterozygous for Ces1ce; he was mated within 2 weeks after TEM treatment, so these progeny were generated from sperm that were either sperm or late spermatids when exposed, ruling out a clustering effect due to mutagenesis at the spermatogonial stage; and the seven Ces1ce/+ offspring occurred among litters of three dams (Soares 1979).
Mice of a strain/stock bearing Ces1ce, called ES-IE, were imported from Dr. Soares, then at NIEH, by Dr. Eva Eicher. The original stock was maintained by sister-brother inbreeding. In 1982, Ces1ce/Ces1ce males of this stock were bred to C57BL/6J females to produce embryos for cryopreservation. These heterozygous embryos were assigned Stock No. 000785. In 1995, mice were recovered from the cryopreserved embryos to generate an F2 generation, from which mice homozygous for both Ces1ce and a (nonagouti) were selected and bred to generate embryos for cryopreservation. These embryos, which are segregating for Tyrp1b and Myo5ad, were designated STOCK a/a Ces1ce/Ces1ce and retained Stock No. 000785.
STOCK Ces1ce/Ces1ce Foxn1nu/+ (Stock No. 003118) was generated by mating a STOCK a/a Ces1ce/Ces1ce (Stock No. 00785) female to a C57BL/6J-Foxn1nu/Foxn1nu male, then selecting Ces1ce homozygotes from the F2 as colony founders. Embryos were generated for cryopreservation by crossing Foxn1nu/+ or Foxn1nu/Foxn1nu females to Foxn1nu/+ or Foxn1nu/Foxn1nu males at generation F4+.
Allele Name | nude |
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Allele Type | Spontaneous (Null/Knockout) |
Allele Synonym(s) | Foxnlnu; hairless; nu; Whn- |
Gene Symbol and Name | Foxn1, forkhead box N1 |
Gene Synonym(s) | |
Strain of Origin | albino stock |
Chromosome | 11 |
Molecular Note | A single base pair (G) deletion in exon 3 introduces a frameshift and a premature stop codon. The encoded protein is predicted to terminate upstream of the DNA-binding domain. |
Marker Synonym(s) | |
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Chromosome(s) | 8 |
When using the nude mouse strain in a publication, please cite the originating article(s) and include JAX stock #003118 in your Materials and Methods section.
Facility Barrier Level Descriptions
Service/Product | Description | Price |
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Homozygous for Es1<e>, Heterozygous or Homozygous for Foxn1<nu>, 1 pair minimum |
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The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project. We do not guarantee breeding performance and therefore suggest that investigators order more than one breeding pair to avoid delays in their research.
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