JAX
Mouse Strain Datasheet - 002959
B6.129S4-Drd1tm1Jcd/J
Also Known As: D1A-
These Drd1 knock-out mice exhibit growth retardation and behavioral anomalies. They are suitable for use in applications related to the study of the interaction of dopamine receptors and neuronal pathways.
Donating Investigator
IMR Colony, The Jackson Laboratory
Genetic overview
| Genetic Background | Generation |
|---|---|
|
000664 C57BL/6J |
|
Drd1tm1Jcd
| Allele Type | Gene Symbol | Gene Name |
|---|---|---|
| Targeted (Null/Knockout) | Drd1 | dopamine receptor D1 |
Detailed Description
Mice homozygous for the Drd1atm1Jcd targeted mutation exhibit growth retardation and show down-regulated expression of dynorphin and substance P. They also show behavioral anomolies in spatial learning, movement initiation, and responses to new stimuli. Administration of cocaine to homozygotes does not activate locomotion or up-regulate immediate early gene (IEG) expression; however, dopamine receptor-2-dependent IEG changes are intact. Acute cocaine administration increases substance P levels. Failure of locomotor activation is also seen with repeated amphetamine treatment. Dopamine receptor D1a deficient mice do retain cocaine-conditioned place preference. Please Note: Growth retardation, which may be due to abnormal or delayed tooth formation, is avoided if homozygotes are fed either hydrated or crushed grain from ~2-10 weeks of age. Homozygotes do appear thinner than wildtypes and have a very slight halting gait (unpublished observations, The Jackson Laboratory). Heterozygous mice are unaffected.
Development
This targeted mutant was made by Dr. John Drago in the laboratory of Dr. Heiner Westphal of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. A targeting vector was used which resulted in the neomycin-resistant gene (neo) replacing all coding sequences of the Drd1 gene. J1 ES cells were used.
Control Suggestions
- Wild-type from the colony
- 000664 C57BL/6J
Additional Information
Selected References
- Drago J; Gerfen CR; Lachowicz JE; Steiner H; Hollon TR; Love PE; Ooi GT; Grinberg A; Lee EJ; Huang SP; Bartlett PF; Jose PA; Sibley DR; Westphal H. 1994. Altered striatal function in a mutant mouse lacking D1A dopamine receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(26):12564-8. PubMed: 7809078MGI: J:22076
Drd1tm1Jcd
Allele Symbol: Drd1tm1Jcd
| Allele Name | targeted mutation 1, John Drago |
|---|---|
| Allele Type | Targeted (Null/Knockout) |
| Allele Synonym(s) | D1-; D1A-; D1r- |
| Gene Symbol and Name | Drd1, dopamine receptor D1 |
| Gene Synonym(s) | C030036C15Rik; C030036C15Rik; D1 receptor; D1a; DADR; DRD1A; Drd-1; Drd-1; Drd1a; Drd1a; G-protein coupled receptor 15; Gpcr15; Gpcr15; RIKEN cDNA C030036C15 gene; dopamine receptor 1; dopamine receptor D1A |
| Strain of Origin | 129S4/SvJae |
| Chromosome | 13 |
| Molecular Note | A neomycin resistance cassette replaced 0.75kb of sequence encoding the fifth transmembrane domain and third intracytoplasmic loop. |
| Mutations Made By | Dr. John Drago, National Institutes of Health |
Disease Terms
Research Areas By Genotype
This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:
- Neurobiology Research
- Receptor Defects
- dopamine receptor
- Receptor Defects
Genotype: Drd1tm1Jcd related
- Neurobiology Research
- Cortical Defects
- Neurotransmitter Receptor and Synaptic Vesicle Defects
- Receptor Defects
Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype
Genotype: Drd1tm1Jcd/Drd1tm1Jcd
B6.129S4-Drd1tm1Jcd/J
mortality/aging
- decreased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality
- 7% of methamphetamine-treated mice die compared with 27% of similarly treated wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:137069)
homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- decreased physiological sensitivity to xenobiotic
- methamphetamine-treated mice exhibit less of an increase in body temperature compared with similarly treated wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:137069)
- decreased response to stress-induced hyperthermia
- methamphetamine-treated mice exhibit less of an increase in body temperature compared with similarly treated wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:137069)
- decreased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality
- 7% of methamphetamine-treated mice die compared with 27% of similarly treated wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:137069)
vision/eye phenotype
- abnormal eye electrophysiology
- baseline amplitude of the light-adapted electroretinographic response is reduced (MGI Ref ID J:185955)
- abnormal vision
behavior/neurological phenotype
- decreased response to stress-induced hyperthermia
- methamphetamine-treated mice exhibit less of an increase in body temperature compared with similarly treated wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:137069)
Genotype: Drd1tm1Jcd/Drd1tm1Jcd
B6.129S4-Drd1tm1Jcd
behavior/neurological phenotype
- increased startle reflex
- mice exhibit increased acoustic startle response amplitude compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:154428)
The following phenotype information is associated with a similar, but not exact match to this JAX® Mice strain
Genotype: Drd1tm1Jcd/Drd1+
involves: 129S4/SvJae
behavior/neurological phenotype
- abnormal contextual conditioning behavior
- 3-5 month old mice exhibit delayed extinction of conditioned fear responses compared to wild-type; mice display normal acquisition of contextual fear conditioning; null mice do not show a decline in freeaing responses over three days as do the wild-type; a significantly higher her percentage of contextual freezing responses is observed for up to 90 daysa significantly higher her percentage of contextual freezing responses is observed for up to 90 days (MGI Ref ID J:67395)
- abnormal passive avoidance behavior
- after confinement for 1 minute to the shock-paired chamber, 3 to 5 month old heterozygous mice show less of a decline in latency to enter the conditioning chamber compared to wild-type (MGI Ref ID J:67395)
Genotype: Drd1tm1Jcd/Drd1tm1Jcd
involves: 129S4/SvJae
behavior/neurological phenotype
- abnormal contextual conditioning behavior
- 3-5 month old mice exhibit delayed extinction of conditioned fear responses compared to wild-type; mice display normal acquisition of contextual fear conditioning; null mice do not show a decline in freeaing responses over three days as do the wild-type; a significantly higher her percentage of contextual freezing responses is observed for up to 90 daysa significantly higher her percentage of contextual freezing responses is observed for up to 90 days (MGI Ref ID J:67395)
- abnormal inhibitory learning
- on reversal trials with the platform in a new location, null animals have longer escape latencies than control over the course of 12 trials (MGI Ref ID J:102603)
- abnormal passive avoidance behavior
- 3-5 month old nulls maintain enhanced step-through latencies for up to 45 days post shock-conditioning (MGI Ref ID J:67395)
- after confinement for 1 minute to the shock-paired chamber, null mice show less of a decline in latency to enter the conditioning chamber compared to wild-type (MGI Ref ID J:67395)
- abnormal spatial learning
- 3-5 month old null mice exhibit a spatial learning deficit as shown by longer latencies to locate a hidden platform in the initial acquisition phase (MGI Ref ID J:102603)
- in a Morris water maze (MGI Ref ID J:102600)
- in a second probe trial with the platform removed, the time spent in the target quadrant by null mice is 31% compared to 50% by controls and had a reduced number of annulus crossings through the former location of the platform (MGI Ref ID J:102603)
- in the first probe trial with an absent platform conducted 24 hours after the acquisiton trials, null mice display less selective searching behavior for an absent platform and less time in the target quadrant (40% for control, 27% for nulls); on reversal trials with the platform in a new location, null animals have longer escape latencies than control over the course of 12 trialstrials with the platform in a new location, null animals have longer escape latencies than control over the course of 12 trials (MGI Ref ID J:102603)
- in trials with a visual cue of the platform location, null mice showed longer escape latencies during trials 4-12, then showed similar performance to conrols (MGI Ref ID J:102603)
- behavioral despair
- mice tend to float in the water instead of swimming compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:102600)
- decreased vertical activity
- (MGI Ref ID J:102600)
- hypoactivity
- in an open field compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:102600)
- impaired coordination
- compared with wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:102600)
- increased thigmotaxis
- in the water (MGI Ref ID J:102600)
nervous system phenotype
- abnormal neuronal migration
- at E15, fewer neurons enter the cerebral wall compared to in wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:121219)
- loss of GABAergic neurons
- at E15, GABA+ cell density in the ventral zone/subventricular zone is decreased 53% compared to in wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:121219)
- at E15, GABA+ cell density is decreased in the intermediate zone 48% compared to in wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:121219)
- at E15, the number of GABA+ cells is decreased 25% in the presumptive medial prefrontal cortex compared to in wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:121219)
- however, the numbers of GABA+ cells in the marginal zone and subplate/cortical plate are normal (MGI Ref ID J:121219)
growth/size/body region phenotype
- decreased body size
cellular phenotype
- abnormal neuronal migration
- at E15, fewer neurons enter the cerebral wall compared to in wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:121219)
Genotype: Drd1tm1Jcd/Drd1tm1Jcd
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6
mortality/aging
- premature death
- majority of mice die within 1 week after weaning unless given hydrated food (MGI Ref ID J:22076)
behavior/neurological phenotype
- decreased vertical activity
- 5-6 week old mutants exhibit significantly fewer rearing events than wild-type (MGI Ref ID J:22076)
- hunched posture
- by weaning, mice have hunched posture (MGI Ref ID J:22076)
growth/size/body region phenotype
- decreased body weight
- mice that are separated from heterozygous and wild-type littermates fed moistened lab chow appear healthy but only gain 70% of weight that sex-matched littermates reach by 6 weeks of age (MGI Ref ID J:22076)
- postnatal growth retardation
- mice are normal with respect to wild-type up to 2 weeks of age, but are significantly growth retarded by weaning age; mice appear sickly and majority do not gain weight (MGI Ref ID J:22076)
integument phenotype
- disheveled coat
- by weaning, mice have poorly groomed coat (MGI Ref ID J:22076)
References
- Drago J; Gerfen CR; Lachowicz JE; Steiner H; Hollon TR; Love PE; Ooi GT; Grinberg A; Lee EJ; Huang SP; Bartlett PF; Jose PA; Sibley DR; Westphal H. 1994. Altered striatal function in a mutant mouse lacking D1A dopamine receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(26):12564-8. PubMed: 7809078MGI: J:22076
Additional References
- Elsawa SF; Taylor W; Petty CC; Marriott I; Weinstock JV; Bost KL. 2003. Reduced CTL Response and Increased Viral Burden in Substance P Receptor-Deficient Mice Infected with Murine gamma-Herpesvirus 68. J Immunol 170(5):2605-12. PubMed: 12594288MGI: J:81983
- Huang YY; Simpson E; Kellendonk C; Kandel ER. 2004. Genetic evidence for the bidirectional modulation of synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex by D1 receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(9):3236-41. PubMed: 14981263MGI: J:88654
- Levine MS; Altemus KL; Cepeda C; Cromwell HC; Crawford C; Ariano MA; Drago J; Sibley DR; Westphal H. 1996. Modulatory actions of dopamine on NMDA receptor-mediated responses are reduced in D1A-deficient mutant mice. J Neurosci 16(18):5870-82. PubMed: 8795639MGI: J:35286
Additional - Drd1tm1Jcd related
- Beaulieu JM; Tirotta E; Sotnikova TD; Masri B; Salahpour A; Gainetdinov RR; Borrelli E; Caron MG. 2007. Regulation of Akt signaling by D2 and D3 dopamine receptors in vivo. J Neurosci 27(4):881-5. PubMed: 17251429MGI: J:117785
- Bender M; Drago J; Rivkees SA. 1997. D1 receptors mediate dopamine action in the fetal suprachiasmatic nuclei: studies of mice with targeted deletion of the D1 dopamine receptor gene. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 49(1-2):271-7. PubMed: 9387887MGI: J:43604
- Cannon CM; Scannell CA; Palmiter RD. 2005. Mice lacking dopamine D1 receptors express normal lithium chloride-induced conditioned taste aversion for salt but not sucrose. Eur J Neurosci 21(9):2600-4. PubMed: 15932618MGI: J:101069
- Clifford JJ; Tighe O; Croke DT; Kinsella A; Sibley DR; Drago J; Waddington JL. 1999. Conservation of behavioural topography to dopamine D1-like receptor agonists in mutant mice lacking the D1A receptor implicates a D1-like receptor not coupled to adenylyl cyclase. Neuroscience 93(4):1483-9. PubMed: 10501473MGI: J:59466
- Clifford JJ; Tighe O; Croke DT; Sibley DR; Drago J; Waddington JL. 1998. Topographical evaluation of the phenotype of spontaneous behaviour in mice with targeted gene deletion of the D1A dopamine receptor: paradoxical elevation of grooming syntax. Neuropharmacology 37(12):1595-602. PubMed: 9886682MGI: J:52350
- Crandall JE; McCarthy DM; Araki KY; Sims JR; Ren JQ; Bhide PG. 2007. Dopamine receptor activation modulates GABA neuron migration from the basal forebrain to the cerebral cortex. J Neurosci 27(14):3813-22. PubMed: 17409246MGI: J:121219
- Crawford CA; Drago J; Watson JB; Levine MS. 1997. Effects of repeated amphetamine treatment on the locomotor activity of the dopamine D1A-deficient mouse. Neuroreport 8(11):2523-7. PubMed: 9261820MGI: J:45740
- Cromwell HC; Berridge KC; Drago J; Levine MS. 1998. Action sequencing is impaired in D1A-deficient mutant mice. Eur J Neurosci 10(7):2426-32. PubMed: 9749770MGI: J:50990
- Daigle TL; Wetsel WC; Caron MG. 2011. Opposite function of dopamine D1 and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in striatal cannabinoid-mediated signaling. Eur J Neurosci 34(9):1378-89. PubMed: 22034973MGI: J:183176
- Drago F; Contarino A; Busa L. 1999. The expression of neuropeptide-induced excessive grooming behavior in dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-deficient mice. Eur J Pharmacol 365(2-3):125-31. PubMed: 9988094MGI: J:56015
- El-Ghundi M; Fletcher PJ; Drago J; Sibley DR; O'Dowd BF; George SR. 1999. Spatial learning deficit in dopamine D(1) receptor knockout mice. Eur J Pharmacol 383(2):95-106. PubMed: 10585522MGI: J:102603
- El-Ghundi M; O'Dowd BF; Erclik M; George SR. 2003. Attenuation of sucrose reinforcement in dopamine D1 receptor deficient mice. Eur J Neurosci 17(4):851-62. PubMed: 12603275MGI: J:107997
- El-Ghundi M; O'Dowd BF; George SR. 2001. Prolonged fear responses in mice lacking dopamine D(1) receptor. Brain Res 892(1):86-93. PubMed: 11172752MGI: J:67395
- Fadok JP; Dickerson TM; Palmiter RD. 2009. Dopamine is necessary for cue-dependent fear conditioning. J Neurosci 29(36):11089-97. PubMed: 19741115MGI: J:152679
- Friedman E; Jin LQ; Cai GP; Hollon TR; Drago J; Sibley DR; Wang HY. 1997. D1-like dopaminergic activation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis is independent of D1A dopamine receptors: evidence from D1A knockout mice. Mol Pharmacol 51(1):6-11. PubMed: 9016340MGI: J:38464
- Gallardo CM; Darvas M; Oviatt M; Chang CH; Michalik M; Huddy TF; Meyer EE; Shuster SA; Aguayo A; Hill EM; Kiani K; Ikpeazu J; Martinez JS; Purpura M; Smit AN; Patton DF; Mistlberger RE; Palmiter RD; Steele AD. 2014. Dopamine receptor 1 neurons in the dorsal striatum regulate food anticipatory circadian activity rhythms in mice. Elife 3:e03781. PubMed: 25217530MGI: J:218058
- Halberstadt AL; Geyer MA. 2009. Habituation and sensitization of acoustic startle: opposite influences of dopamine D1 and D2-family receptors. Neurobiol Learn Mem 92(2):243-8. PubMed: 18644244MGI: J:154428
- He Q; Xu HP; Wang P; Tian N. 2013. Dopamine D1 receptors regulate the light dependent development of retinal synaptic responses. PLoS One 8(11):e79625. PubMed: 24260267MGI: J:209679
- Herrmann R; Heflin SJ; Hammond T; Lee B; Wang J; Gainetdinov RR; Caron MG; Eggers ED; Frishman LJ; McCall MA; Arshavsky VY. 2011. Rod vision is controlled by dopamine-dependent sensitization of rod bipolar cells by GABA. Neuron 72(1):101-10. PubMed: 21982372MGI: J:178532
- Herve D; Le Moine C; Corvol JC; Belluscio L; Ledent C; Fienberg AA; Jaber M; Studler JM; Girault JA. 2001. Galpha(olf) levels are regulated by receptor usage and control dopamine and adenosine action in the striatum. J Neurosci 21(12):4390-9. PubMed: 11404425MGI: J:123805
- Huang YY; Simpson E; Kellendonk C; Kandel ER. 2004. Genetic evidence for the bidirectional modulation of synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex by D1 receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(9):3236-41. PubMed: 14981263MGI: J:88654
- Ito M; Numachi Y; Ohara A; Sora I. 2008. Hyperthermic and lethal effects of methamphetamine: Roles of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. Neurosci Lett 438(3):327-9. PubMed: 18486343MGI: J:137069
- Jackson CR; Ruan GX; Aseem F; Abey J; Gamble K; Stanwood G; Palmiter RD; Iuvone PM; McMahon DG. 2012. Retinal Dopamine Mediates Multiple Dimensions of Light-Adapted Vision. J Neurosci 32(27):9359-9368. PubMed: 22764243MGI: J:185955
- Karasinska JM; George SR; Cheng R; O'Dowd BF. 2005. Deletion of dopamine D1 and D3 receptors differentially affects spontaneous behaviour and cocaine-induced locomotor activity, reward and CREB phosphorylation. Eur J Neurosci 22(7):1741-50. PubMed: 16197514MGI: J:102922
- Karasinska JM; George SR; El-Ghundi M; Fletcher PJ; O'Dowd BF. 2000. Modification of dopamine D(1) receptor knockout phenotype in mice lacking both dopamine D(1) and D(3) receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 399(2-3):171-81. PubMed: 10884517MGI: J:102600
- Karper PE; De la Rosa H; Newman ER; Krall CM; Nazarian A; McDougall SA; Crawford CA. 2002. Role of D1-like receptors in amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization: a study using D1A receptor knockout mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 159(4):407-14. PubMed: 11823893MGI: J:103950
- Karper PE; Nazarian A; Crawford CA; Drago J; McDougall SA. 2000. Role of dopamine D(1) receptors for kappa-opioid-mediated locomotor activity and antinociception during the preweanling period: a study using D(1) receptor knockout mice. Physiol Behav 68(4):585-90. PubMed: 10713301MGI: J:96590
- Kobayashi M; Iaccarino C; Saiardi A; Heidt V; Bozzi Y; Picetti R; Vitale C; Westphal H; Drago J; Borrelli E. 2004. Simultaneous absence of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-mediated signaling is lethal in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(31):11465-70. PubMed: 15272078MGI: J:91781
- Leonard SK; Ferry-Leeper P; Mailman RB. 2006. Low affinity binding of the classical D(1) antagonist SCH23390 in rodent brain: Potential interaction with A(2A) and D(2)-like receptors. Brain Res 1117(1):25-37. PubMed: 16962565MGI: J:114543
- Levine MS; Altemus KL; Cepeda C; Cromwell HC; Crawford C; Ariano MA; Drago J; Sibley DR; Westphal H. 1996. Modulatory actions of dopamine on NMDA receptor-mediated responses are reduced in D1A-deficient mutant mice. J Neurosci 16(18):5870-82. PubMed: 8795639MGI: J:35286
- Liedtke WB; McKinley MJ; Walker LL; Zhang H; Pfenning AR; Drago J; Hochendoner SJ; Hilton DL; Lawrence AJ; Denton DA. 2011. Relation of addiction genes to hypothalamic gene changes subserving genesis and gratification of a classic instinct, sodium appetite. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(30):12509-14. PubMed: 21746918MGI: J:174535
- Maison SF; Liu XP; Eatock RA; Sibley DR; Grandy DK; Liberman MC. 2012. Dopaminergic Signaling in the Cochlea: Receptor Expression Patterns and Deletion Phenotypes. J Neurosci 32(1):344-355. PubMed: 22219295MGI: J:179360
- Matthies H; Becker A; Schroeder H; Kraus J; Hollt V; Krug M. 1997. Dopamine D1-deficient mutant mice do not express the late phase of hippocampal long-term potentiation. Neuroreport 8(16):3533-5. PubMed: 9427321MGI: J:103731
- McNamara FN; Clifford JJ; Tighe O; Kinsella A; Drago J; Croke DT; Waddington JL. 2003. Congenic D1A dopamine receptor mutants: ethologically based resolution of behavioural topography indicates genetic background as a determinant of knockout phenotype. Neuropsychopharmacology 28(1):86-99. PubMed: 12496944MGI: J:106126
- Miner LL; Drago J; Chamberlain PM; Donovan D; Uhl GR. 1995. Retained cocaine conditioned place preference in D1 receptor deficient mice. Neuroreport 6(17):2314-6. PubMed: 8747144MGI: J:117915
- Miyamoto S; Mailman RB; Lieberman JA; Duncan GE. 2001. Blunted brain metabolic response to ketamine in mice lacking D(1A) dopamine receptors. Brain Res 894(2):167-80. PubMed: 11251190MGI: J:68124
- Narayanan S; Lam H; Christian L; Levine MS; Grandy D; Rubinstein M; Maidment NT. 2004. Endogenous opioids mediate basal hedonic tone independent of dopamine D-1 or D-2 receptor activation. Neuroscience 124(1):241-6. PubMed: 14960355MGI: J:90516
- Ng J; Rashid AJ; So CH; O'Dowd BF; George SR. 2010. Activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIalpha in the striatum by the heteromeric D1-D2 dopamine receptor complex. Neuroscience 165(2):535-41. PubMed: 19837142MGI: J:158207
- Ogilvie JM; Hakenewerth AM; Gardner RR; Martak JG; Maggio VM. 2009. Dopamine receptor loss of function is not protective of rd1 rod photoreceptors in vivo. Mol Vis 15:2868-78. PubMed: 20038975MGI: J:157088
- Parish CL; Finkelstein DI; Drago J; Borrelli E; Horne MK. 2001. The role of dopamine receptors in regulating the size of axonal arbors. J Neurosci 21(14):5147-57. PubMed: 11438590MGI: J:70177
- Parker JG; Zweifel LS; Clark JJ; Evans SB; Phillips PE; Palmiter RD. 2010. Absence of NMDA receptors in dopamine neurons attenuates dopamine release but not conditioned approach during Pavlovian conditioning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(30):13491-6. PubMed: 20616081MGI: J:162402
- Ralph-Williams RJ; Lehmann-Masten V; Otero-Corchon V; Low MJ; Geyer MA. 2002. Differential effects of direct and indirect dopamine agonists on prepulse inhibition: a study in D1 and D2 receptor knock-out mice. J Neurosci 22(21):9604-11. PubMed: 12417685MGI: J:111572
- Seeman P; Weinshenker D; Quirion R; Srivastava LK; Bhardwaj SK; Grandy DK; Premont RT; Sotnikova TD; Boksa P; El-Ghundi M; O'dowd BF; George SR; Perreault ML; Mannisto PT; Robinson S; Palmiter RD; Tallerico T. 2005. Dopamine supersensitivity correlates with D2High states, implying many paths to psychosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(9):3513-8. PubMed: 15716360MGI: J:96985
- Shao W; Zhang SZ; Tang M; Zhang XH; Zhou Z; Yin YQ; Zhou QB; Huang YY; Liu YJ; Wawrousek E; Chen T; Li SB; Xu M; Zhou JN; Hu G; Zhou JW. 2013. Suppression of neuroinflammation by astrocytic dopamine D2 receptors via alphaB-crystallin. Nature 494(7435):90-4. PubMed: 23242137MGI: J:194407
- Short JL; Ledent C; Borrelli E; Drago J; Lawrence AJ. 2006. Genetic interdependence of adenosine and dopamine receptors: Evidence from receptor knockout mice. Neuroscience 139(2):661-70. PubMed: 16476524MGI: J:107738
- Smith DR; Striplin CD; Geller AM; Mailman RB; Drago J; Lawler CP ; Gallagher M. 1998. Behavioural assessment of mice lacking D1A dopamine receptors. Neuroscience 86(1):135-46. PubMed: 9692749MGI: J:48769
- Stanwood GD; Parlaman JP; Levitt P. 2006. Genetic or pharmacological inactivation of the dopamine D1 receptor differentially alters the expression of regulator of G-protein signalling (Rgs) transcripts. Eur J Neurosci 24(3):806-18. PubMed: 16930410MGI: J:112924
- Stanwood GD; Parlaman JP; Levitt P. 2005. Anatomical abnormalities in dopaminoceptive regions of the cerebral cortex of dopamine D1 receptor mutant mice. J Comp Neurol 487(3):270-82. PubMed: 15892099MGI: J:99709
- Stipanovich A; Valjent E; Matamales M; Nishi A; Ahn JH; Maroteaux M; Bertran-Gonzalez J; Brami-Cherrier K; Enslen H; Corbille AG; Filhol O; Nairn AC; Greengard P; Herve D; Girault JA. 2008. A phosphatase cascade by which rewarding stimuli control nucleosomal response. Nature 453(7197):879-84. PubMed: 18496528MGI: J:137074
- Ting-A-Kee R; Mercuriano LE; Vargas-Perez H; George SR; van der Kooy D. 2013. Dopamine D1 receptors are not critical for opiate reward but can mediate opiate memory retrieval in a state-dependent manner. Behav Brain Res 247:174-7. PubMed: 23538064MGI: J:197617
- Tomiyama K; McNamara FN; Clifford JJ; Kinsella A; Drago J; Tighe O; Croke DT; Koshikawa N; Waddington JL. 2002. Phenotypic resolution of spontaneous and D1-like agonist-induced orofacial movement topographies in congenic dopamine D1A receptor 'knockout' mice. Neuropharmacology 42(5):644-52. PubMed: 11985822MGI: J:97339
- Vinkers CH; Risbrough VB; Geyer MA; Caldwell S; Low MJ; Hauger RL. 2007. Role of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in CRF-induced disruption of sensorimotor gating. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 86(3):550-8. PubMed: 17324452MGI: J:124479
- Wang HD; Stanwood GD; Grandy DK; Deutch AY. 2009. Dystrophic dendrites in prefrontal cortical pyramidal cells of dopamine D1 and D2 but not D4 receptor knockout mice. Brain Res 1300:58-64. PubMed: 19747903MGI: J:157411
- Wong JY; Clifford JJ; Massalas JS; Finkelstein DI; Horne MK; Waddington JL; Drago J. 2003. Neurochemical changes in dopamine D1, D3 and D1/D3 receptor knockout mice. Eur J Pharmacol 472(1-2):39-47. PubMed: 12860471MGI: J:103739
- Wong JY; Clifford JJ; Massalas JS; Kinsella A; Waddington JL; Drago J. 2003. Essential conservation of D1 mutant phenotype at the level of individual topographies of behaviour in mice lacking both D1 and D3 dopamine receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 167(2):167-73. PubMed: 12652349MGI: J:103886
- Yan Y; Jiang W; Liu L; Wang X; Ding C; Tian Z; Zhou R. 2015. Dopamine controls systemic inflammation through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. Cell 160(1-2):62-73. PubMed: 25594175MGI: J:219265