Overview

Also Known As:Non-obese Diabetic, NOD

The NOD/ShiLtJ strain (commonly called NOD) is a polygenic model for autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Diabetes in NOD mice is characterized by hyperglycemia and insulitis, a leukocytic infiltration of the pancreatic islets. Marked decreases in pancreatic insulin content occur in females at about 12 weeks of age and several weeks later in males. A 2017 phenotyping study found that 90% of females and 52% of males became diabetic by 30 weeks; median female incidence was 18 weeks. Immune phenotypes in the NOD background consist of defects in antigen presentation, T lymphocyte repertoire, NK cell function, macrophage cytokine production, wound healing, and C5 complement. These defects make the NOD background a common choice for immunodeficient mouse strains. Diabetes onset data is available.

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Genetic overview

Genetic Background	Generation
	Contact Technical Support (2018-07-27 00:00:00)

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Research Applications

Diabetes and Obesity Research
Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
Research Tools
Internal/Organ Research
Neurobiology Research
Sensorineural Research
Developmental Biology Research

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Details

Important Note

This strain is homozygous for Cdh23^ahl, the age related hearing loss 1 mutation, which on this background results in progressive hearing loss that is already severe by three months of age.

Detailed Description

Diabetes in NOD/ShiLtJ mice is characterized by insulitis, a leukocytic infiltrate of the pancreatic islets. Marked decreases in pancreatic insulin content occur in females at about 12 weeks of age and several weeks later in males. Onset of diabetes is marked by moderate glycosuria and by a non-fasting plasma glucose higher than 250 mg/dl. Diabetic mice are hypoinsulinemic and hyperglucagonemic, indicating a selective destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells. Susceptibility to IDDM in NOD/ShiLtJ mice is polygenic, and environment, including housing conditions, health status, and diet, exerts a strong effect on penetrance. NOD/ShiLtJ females are more widely used than males because the onset of IDDM symptoms occurs earlier and with a higher incidence (90-100% by 30 weeks of age). NOD/ShiLtJ males develop IDDM at a frequency of between 40-60% by 30-40 weeks of age. Male mice are useful for certain applications, including pharmaceutical studies, "accelerated transfer" of IDDM, and some in vitro studies. The major component of diabetes susceptibility in NOD mice is the unique MHC haplotype (H2^g7 = K^d, Aa^d, Ab^g7, E^null, D^b). NOD mice also exhibit multiple aberrant immunophenotypes including defective antigen presenting cell immunoregulatory functions, defects in the regulation of theT lymphocyte repertoire, defective NK cell function, defective cytokine production from macrophages (Fan et al., 2004) and impaired wound healing. They also lack hemolytic complement, C5. NOD/ShiLtJ mice also are severely hearing-impaired. A variety of mutations causing immunodeficiencies, targeted mutations in cytokine genes, as well as transgenes affecting immune functions, have been backcrossed into the NOD/ShiLt inbred strain background.

Development

NOD inbred mice originated early on in the inbreeding of the Cataract Shionogi (CTS) strain. These mice were originally outbred Jcl:ICR mice. At F6, the progenitors of the future NOD/Shi mice were inbred on the basis of an elevated fasting blood glucose level in cataract-free mice. At F13, the NOD progenitors were separated from what is now the NON/Shi strain. High fasting blood glucose levels continued to be the basis for selection of the latter strain, while the NOD progenitors at F13 and later were selected on the basis of a normal fasting blood glucose level. In 1974, at F20, a female in the "normoglycemic" line spontaneously developed overt insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with insulitis (IDDM). Selective breeding of the progeny of this diabetic female produced the nonobese diabetic (NOD) strain. Originally restricted to distribution in Japan, NOD substrains were distributed during the early 1980s to Australia and the United States. NOD and NON strains were imported from a colony in Kyoto, Japan by Dr. M. Hattori to the Joslin Diabetes Ceneter in Boston in 1984. Breeder pairs from this importation were sent from The Joslin Diabetes Center to Dr. E Leiter at The Jackson Laboratory, and are the source of the production strains NOD/ShiLtJ and NON/ShiLtJ.

Control Suggestions

Approximate Controls

001303 NOD.Cg-Prkdc^scid/J, (May be used as an approximate control for T and B cell dependent research)
002050 NOR/LtJ, (Recombinant congenic that carries a portion of the NOD/ShiLtJ genome)
002591 NOD.B10Sn-H2^b/J
003729 NOD.129S7(B6)-Rag1^tm1Mom/J, (May be used as an approximate control for T and B cell dependent research)
009122 ICR/HaJ, (Both the inbred ICR/HaJ (Stock #009122) and NOD/ShiLtJ are descended from ICR stock. Testing at The Jackson Laboratory confirms that ICR/HaJ carries the H2^g7 MHC haplotype. ICR/HaJ does not develop insulitis or diabetes and may be considered an approximate control for NOD/ShiLtJ.)

Additional Information

Considerations for Choosing Controls

Selected References

De Groot AS; Skowron G; White JR; Boyle C; Richard G; Serreze D; Martin WD. 2019. Therapeutic administration of Tregitope-Human Albumin Fusion with Insulin Peptides to promote Antigen-Specific Adaptive Tolerance Induction. Sci Rep 9(1):16103PubMed: 31695065 MGI: J:281351
Leiter EH. 1993. The NOD mouse: A model for analyzing the interplay between heredity and environment in development of autoimmune disease. ILAR News 35(1):4-14MGI: J:12784
Makino S; Kunimoto K; Muraoka Y; Mizushima Y; Katagiri K; Tochino Y. 1980. Breeding of a non-obese, diabetic strain of mice. Jikken Dobutsu 29(1):1-13PubMed: 6995140 MGI: J:25411
Serreze DV; Chapman HD; Varnum DS; Gerling I; Leiter EH; Shultz LD. 1997. Initiation of autoimmune diabetes in NOD/Lt mice is MHC class I-dependent. J Immunol 158(8):3978-86PubMed: 9103469 MGI: J:39473
Simecek P; Churchill GA; Yang H; Rowe LB; Herberg L; Serreze DV; Leiter EH. 2015. Genetic Analysis of Substrain Divergence in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mice. G3 (Bethesda) 5(5):771-5PubMed: 25740934 MGI: J:257336
Timmermans S; Van Montagu M; Libert C. 2017. Complete overview of protein-inactivating sequence variations in 36 sequenced mouse inbred strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114(34):9158-9163PubMed: 28784771 MGI: J:244295

View All References

Genetics

Il2^m1

Allele Symbol: Il2^m1

Allele Name	mutation 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Il2, interleukin 2
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	3
Molecular Note	This hypoactive polymorphism, found in MRL/MpJ, SJL/J, and NOD/ShiLtJ inbred strains, includes a smaller polyglutamine tract predicted to shorten the first alpha helix, which forms part of the IL2 receptor binding site.

Gpr84^del

Allele Symbol: Gpr84^del

Allele Name	deletion
Allele Type	Spontaneous (Not Specified)
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Gpr84, G protein-coupled receptor 84
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	15
Molecular Note	This spontaneously arising frameshift deletion is located in exon 2 at position 103308576 bp (NCBI Build 37) and results in a premature stop codon. The mutation is predicted to result in a truncated protein lacking the transmembrane domains 4-7. The inbred strains BDP/J, DBA/1J, DBA/2J, I/LnJ, FVB/NJ, LG/J, MRL/MpJ, NODShi/LtJ, NOR/LtJ, P/J, PL/J, SKHIN/Sprd, SJL/J, SM/J are homozygous for the deletion. The allele is segregating in the outbred stocks ICR and CD-1.

Hc⁰

Allele Symbol: Hc⁰

Allele Name	deficient
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	C5-; C5-d; C5-def; C5-deficient; Hc^Hfib2; hc^o
Gene Symbol and Name	Hc, hemolytic complement
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	2
General Note	This is an allele characteristic of various inbred mouse strains including the following: A/HeJ, A/J, AKR/J, DBA/2J, NZB/B1NJ, SWR/J, B10.D2/oSnJ Hc was identified as a candidate gene for Abhr2 in a microarray analysis of lung mRNA from A/J, C3H/HeJ, and (A/J x C3H/HeJ)F1 x A/J backcross animals. Hc genotype shows statistically significant correlation to allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsive phenotype. The A/J allele contains a 2 bp deletion resulting in deficient Hc mRNA and protein production and is associated with susceptibility to allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness. (J:108211)
Molecular Note	A 2 base "TA" deletion at positions 62 and 63 of an 83 base pair exon near the 5' end of the gene is found in the following mouse strains: A/HeJ, A/J, AKR/J, DBA/2J, I/LnJ, KK/HlJ, MOLF/EiJ, NZB/B1NJ, RF/J, ST/bJ SWR/J, B10.D2/oSnJ. The consequence of this deletion is the creation of a stop codon starting four bases after the deletion. A truncated product of 216 amino acids is predicted as a result although contradictory reports exist that a larger pro-C5 protein may be synthesized. Nevertheless, macrophages from mouse strains carrying this allele do not secrete complement 5.

H2^g7

Allele Symbol: H2^g7

Allele Name	g7 variant
Allele Type	Not Applicable
Allele Synonym(s)	H-2^g7; H-2g7
Gene Symbol and Name	H2, histocompatibility-2, MHC
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	Not Applicable
Chromosome	17
General Note	The g7 variant has been observed in the following strains: DBR7, NON.NOD-H2^g7

Cdh23^ahl

Allele Symbol: Cdh23^ahl

Allele Name	age related hearing loss 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Cdh23^753A; mdfw
Gene Symbol and Name	Cdh23, cadherin 23 (otocadherin)
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	10
Molecular Note	Genetic complementation tests have shown allelism between the mdfw (modifier of deaf waddler) locus and the ahl locus. Further analysis has shown this is caused by a G to A transition at coding nucleotide position 753 of Cdh23 (SNP rs257098870). This hypomorphic allele changes splice donor site G-GT to A-GT, causing frame skipping of exon 7. This is predicted to delete part of the 2nd and 3rd ectodomains and cause reduced message stability. Twenty-seven strains classified with ahl and carrying the 753A allele include: CD-1, RBF/DnJ, PL/J, AKR/J, RF/J, BALB/cBy, A/WySnJ, P/J, SENCARA/PtJ, DBA/1J, ALS/LtJ, C58/J, C57BLKS/J, 129P1/ReJ, C57BR/cd, SKH2/J, BUB/Bn, MA/MyJ, LP/J, 129X1/SvJ, NOR/LtJ, A/J, C57BL/6, NOD/LtJ, DBA/2J, ALR/LtJ, C57L/J. Strains classified with ahl that DO NOT carry this mutation include: 129S1/SvImJ, C3H/HeSnJ, I/LnJ, YBR/Ei, MRL/MpJ.

Cox7a2l^l

Allele Symbol: Cox7a2l^l

Allele Name	long
Allele Type	Not Applicable (Not Specified)
Allele Synonym(s)	SCAF1¹¹³
Gene Symbol and Name	Cox7a2l, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2 like
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	17
General Note	Querying the sequences of the Sanger Mouse Genomes Project reveals that the short allele with its 6 bp deletion exists in C57BL/6J, C57BL/10J, C57BL/6NJ, C58/J, BALB/cJ, C3H/HeH, 129S5/SvEvBrd, NZW/LacZ, and SEA/GnJ, but the long allele lacking the deletion exists in 129S1/SvImJ, A/J, AKR/J, BTBR T⁺ Itpr3^tf/J, BUB/BnJ, C3H/HeJ, C57BR/cdJ, C57L/J, CAST/EiJ, CBA/J, DBA/1J, DBA/2J, FVB/NJ, I/LnJ, KK/HiJ, LEWES/EiJ, LP/J, MOLF/EiJ, NOD/ShiLtJ, NZB/BlNJ, NZO/HlLtJ, PWK/PhJ, RF/J, SPRET/EiJ, ST/bJ, WSB/EiJ, ZALENDE/EiJ.
Molecular Note	This allele encodes the long isoform with 113 amino acids. It is found in 129S2/SvPasCrl, CBA/CaOlaHsd, Hsd:ICR, and NZB/OlaHsd.

mt-Tr^m1

Allele Symbol: mt-Tr^m1

Allele Name	mutation 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	10A
Gene Symbol and Name	mt-Tr, mitochondrially encoded tRNA arginine
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	various
Chromosome	MT
General Note	This polymorphism is present in A/J, NZB/B1NJ, ALS/Lt and NOD/ShiLtJ. A variant with 9 adenines is found in NOD/ShiLtDvs, ALR/Lt and SKH2/J.
Molecular Note	The adenine repeat in the D stem is polymorphic with 10 adenines in this allele.

Del(3)1Lt

Allele Symbol: Del(3)1Lt

Allele Name	deletion, Chr 3, Edward H Leiter 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous (Null/Knockout)
Allele Synonym(s)	Del1Lt
Gene Symbol and Name	Del(3)1Lt, deletion, Chr 3, Edward H Leiter 1
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	NOD/ShiLtJ
Chromosome	3
Molecular Note	This spontaneous 111,169 bp deletion spans from Chr 3: 24,170,854 bp to 24,282,022 bp (GRCm38/mm10), and includes several QTL and the gene N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase-like 2

Del(1)2Lt

Allele Symbol: Del(1)2Lt

Allele Name	deletion, Chr 1, Edward H Leiter 2
Allele Type	Spontaneous (Not Applicable)
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Del(1)2Lt, deletion, Chr 1, Edward H Leiter 2
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	NOD/ShiLtJ
Chromosome	1
Molecular Note	This spontaneous 25,703 bp deletion in Chromosome 1 spans from 39,088,990 bp to 39,114,692 bp (GRCm38).

Del(3)3Lt

Allele Symbol: Del(3)3Lt

Allele Name	deletion, Chr 3, Edward H Leiter 3
Allele Type	Spontaneous (Not Applicable)
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Del(3)3Lt, deletion, Chr 3, Edward H Leiter 3
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	NOD/ShiLtJ
Chromosome	3
Molecular Note	This spontaneous 4,289 bp deletion in Chromosome 3 spans from 33,746,227 bp to 33,750,515 bp (GRCm38).

Disease/Phenotype

Disease Terms

Research Areas By Phenotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Diabetes and Obesity Research
- Hyperglycemia
- Type 1 Diabetes (IDDM)
- Hypoinsulinemia
- Impaired Wound Healing
- Islet Transplantation Studies
Research Tools
- Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
  - NK Cell Deficiency
Internal/Organ Research
- Wound Healing
  - delayed/impaired
Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Autoimmunity
  - Type 1 Diabetes
Neurobiology Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss
Sensorineural Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss
Developmental Biology Research
- Lymphoid Tissue Defects
  - hematopoietic defects

Genotype: Hc⁰ related

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Immunodeficiency
  - specific complement deficiency
Research Tools
- Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
  - specific complement deficiency, C5 complement

Genotype: Cdh23^ahl related

Neurobiology Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss
Sensorineural Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss

Genotype: H2^g7 related

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- CD Antigens, Antigen Receptors, and Histocompatibility Markers

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

Phenotype Information

Diabetes Onset – JAX® Mice Strain NOD/ShiLtJ (001976)
Body Weight Information - JAX^® Mice Strain NOD/ShiLtJ (001976)
Festing Inbred Strain Characteristics: NOD
JAX^® Physiological Data Summary [pdf]

References

De Groot AS; Skowron G; White JR; Boyle C; Richard G; Serreze D; Martin WD. 2019. Therapeutic administration of Tregitope-Human Albumin Fusion with Insulin Peptides to promote Antigen-Specific Adaptive Tolerance Induction. Sci Rep 9(1):16103PubMed: 31695065 MGI: J:281351
Leiter EH. 1993. The NOD mouse: A model for analyzing the interplay between heredity and environment in development of autoimmune disease. ILAR News 35(1):4-14MGI: J:12784
Makino S; Kunimoto K; Muraoka Y; Mizushima Y; Katagiri K; Tochino Y. 1980. Breeding of a non-obese, diabetic strain of mice. Jikken Dobutsu 29(1):1-13PubMed: 6995140 MGI: J:25411
Serreze DV; Chapman HD; Varnum DS; Gerling I; Leiter EH; Shultz LD. 1997. Initiation of autoimmune diabetes in NOD/Lt mice is MHC class I-dependent. J Immunol 158(8):3978-86PubMed: 9103469 MGI: J:39473
Simecek P; Churchill GA; Yang H; Rowe LB; Herberg L; Serreze DV; Leiter EH. 2015. Genetic Analysis of Substrain Divergence in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mice. G3 (Bethesda) 5(5):771-5PubMed: 25740934 MGI: J:257336
Timmermans S; Van Montagu M; Libert C. 2017. Complete overview of protein-inactivating sequence variations in 36 sequenced mouse inbred strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114(34):9158-9163PubMed: 28784771 MGI: J:244295

Additional References

Avila JJ; Kim SK; Massett MP. 2017. Differences in Exercise Capacity and Responses to Training in 24 Inbred Mouse Strains. Front Physiol 8:974PubMed: 29249981 MGI: J:276478
Bachmanov AA; Beauchamp GK; Tordoff MG. 2002. Voluntary consumption of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and NH4Cl solutions by 28 mouse strains. Behav Genet 32(6):445-57PubMed: 12467342 MGI: J:80489
Bachmanov AA; Reed DR; Beauchamp GK; Tordoff MG. 2002. Food intake, water intake, and drinking spout side preference of 28 mouse strains. Behav Genet 32(6):435-43PubMed: 12467341 MGI: J:80495
Belanger K; Nutter CA; Li J; Tasnim S; Liu P; Yu P; Kuyumcu-Martinez MN. 2018. CELF1 contributes to aberrant alternative splicing patterns in the type 1 diabetic heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 503(4):3205-3211PubMed: 30158053 MGI: J:273022
Bell-Cohn A; Mazur DJ; Hall C; Schaeffer AJ; Thumbikat P. 2019. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli-induced fibrosis, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms, is associated with type 2 cytokine signaling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 316(4):F682-F692PubMed: 30623726 MGI: J:283426
Ben Nasr M; Tezza S; D'Addio F; Mameli C; Usuelli V; Maestroni A; Corradi D; Belletti S; Albarello L; Becchi G; Fadini GP; Schuetz C; Markmann J; Wasserfall C; Zon L; Zuccotti GV; Fiorina P. 2017. PD-L1 genetic overexpression or pharmacological restoration in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells reverses autoimmune diabetes. Sci Transl Med 9(416)PubMed: 29141886 MGI: J:257297
Benton CS; Miller BH; Skwerer S; Suzuki O; Schultz LE; Cameron MD; Marron JS; Pletcher MT; Wiltshire T. 2012. Evaluating genetic markers and neurobiochemical analytes for fluoxetine response using a panel of mouse inbred strains. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 221(2):297-315PubMed: 22113448 MGI: J:275939
Berndt A; Leme AS; Williams LK; Von Smith R; Savage HS; Stearns TM; Tsaih SW; Shapiro SD; Peters LL; Paigen B; Svenson KL. 2011. Comparison of unrestrained plethysmography and forced oscillation for identifying genetic variability of airway responsiveness in inbred mice. Physiol Genomics 43(1):1-11PubMed: 20823217 MGI: J:276536
Boon AC; Finkelstein D; Zheng M; Liao G; Allard J; Klumpp K; Webster R; Peltz G; Webby RJ. 2011. H5N1 influenza virus pathogenesis in genetically diverse mice is mediated at the level of viral load. MBio 2(5)PubMed: 21896679 MGI: J:267274
Bottomly D; Ferris MT; Aicher LD; Rosenzweig E; Whitmore A; Aylor DL; Haagmans BL; Gralinski LE; Bradel-Tretheway BG; Bryan JT; Threadgill DW; de Villena FP; Baric RS; Katze MG; Heise M; McWeeney SK. 2012. Expression quantitative trait Loci for extreme host response to influenza a in pre-collaborative cross mice. G3 (Bethesda) 2(2):213-21PubMed: 22384400 MGI: J:244993
Bowman MA; Leiter EH; Atkinson MA. 1994. Prevention of diabetes in the NOD mouse: implications for therapeutic intervention in human disease. Immunol Today 15(3):115-20PubMed: 8172643 MGI: J:17091
Bradford BU; Lock EF; Kosyk O; Kim S; Uehara T; Harbourt D; DeSimone M; Threadgill DW; Tryndyak V; Pogribny IP; Bleyle L; Koop DR; Rusyn I. 2011. Interstrain differences in the liver effects of trichloroethylene in a multistrain panel of inbred mice. Toxicol Sci 120(1):206-17PubMed: 21135412 MGI: J:275951
Byers SL; Payson SJ; Taft RA. 2006. Performance of ten inbred mouse strains following assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Theriogenology 65(9):1716-26PubMed: 16271754 MGI: J:275449
Chella Krishnan K; Kurt Z; Barrere-Cain R; Sabir S; Das A; Floyd R; Vergnes L; Zhao Y; Che N; Charugundla S; Qi H; Zhou Z; Meng Y; Pan C; Seldin MM; Norheim F; Hui S; Reue K; Lusis AJ; Yang X. 2018. Integration of Multi-omics Data from Mouse Diversity Panel Highlights Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cell Syst 6(1):103-115.e7PubMed: 29361464 MGI: J:272734
Chen J; Gusdon AM; Piganelli J; Leiter EH; Mathews CE. 2011. mt-Nd2(a) Modifies resistance against autoimmune type 1 diabetes in NOD mice at the level of the pancreatic beta-cell. Diabetes 60(1):355-9PubMed: 20980458 MGI: J:170153
Chun T; Hermel E; Gaskins HR; Aldrich CJ. 2001. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte and cDNA sequence analyses of the MHC class Ib molecule Qa1 in nonobese diabetic mice. Immunogenetics 53(6):506-10PubMed: 11685462 MGI: J:72438
Clark PJ; Kohman RA; Miller DS; Bhattacharya TK; Brzezinska WJ; Rhodes JS. 2011. Genetic influences on exercise-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis across 12 divergent mouse strains. Genes Brain Behav 10(3):345-53PubMed: 21223504 MGI: J:183496
Crowley JJ; Kim Y; Szatkiewicz JP; Pratt AL; Quackenbush CR; Adkins DE; van den Oord E; Bogue MA; Yang H; Wang W; Threadgill DW; de Villena FP; McLeod HL; Sullivan PF. 2012. Genome-wide association mapping of loci for antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms in mice. Mamm Genome 23(5-6):322-35PubMed: 22207321 MGI: J:179972
Dai H; Friday AJ; Abou-Daya KI; Williams AL; Mortin-Toth S; Nicotra ML; Rothstein DM; Shlomchik WD; Matozaki T; Isenberg JS; Oberbarnscheidt MH; Danska JS; Lakkis FG. 2017. Donor SIRPalpha polymorphism modulates the innate immune response to allogeneic grafts. Sci Immunol 2(12)PubMed: 28783664 MGI: J:261263
Darby IA; Bisucci T; Hewitson TD; MacLellan DG. 1997. Apoptosis is increased in a model of diabetes-impaired wound healing in genetically diabetic mice. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 29(1):191-200PubMed: 9076954 MGI: J:40898
Depis F; Kwon HK; Mathis D; Benoist C. 2016. Unstable FoxP3+ T regulatory cells in NZW mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113(5):1345-50PubMed: 26768846 MGI: J:227903
DiLorenzo TP; Lieberman SM; Takaki T; Honda S; Chapman HD; Santamaria P; Serreze DV; Nathenson SG. 2002. During the early prediabetic period in NOD mice, the pathogenic CD8(+) T-cell population comprises multiple antigenic specificities. Clin Immunol 105(3):332-41PubMed: 12498815 MGI: J:94192
Ferland RJ; Smith J; Papandrea D; Gracias J; Hains L; Kadiyala SB; O'Brien B; Kang EY; Beyer BS; Herron BJ. 2017. Multidimensional Genetic Analysis of Repeated Seizures in the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel Reveals a Novel Epileptogenesis Susceptibility Locus. G3 (Bethesda) 7(8):2545-2558PubMed: 28620084 MGI: J:276198
Forte E; Skelly DA; Chen M; Daigle S; Morelli KA; Hon O; Philip VM; Costa MW; Rosenthal NA; Furtado MB. 2020. Dynamic Interstitial Cell Response during Myocardial Infarction Predicts Resilience to Rupture in Genetically Diverse Mice. Cell Rep 30(9):3149-3163.e6PubMed: 32130914 MGI: J:287659
Frick A; Fedoriw Y; Richards K; Damania B; Parks B; Suzuki O; Benton CS; Chan E; Thomas RS; Wiltshire T. 2015. Immune cell-based screening assay for response to anticancer agents: applications in pharmacogenomics. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 8:81-98PubMed: 25897258 MGI: J:275938
Geuther BQ; Deats SP; Fox KJ; Murray SA; Braun RE; White JK; Chesler EJ; Lutz CM; Kumar V. 2019. Robust mouse tracking in complex environments using neural networks. Commun Biol 2:124PubMed: 30937403 MGI: J:275426
Gralinski LE; Ferris MT; Aylor DL; Whitmore AC; Green R; Frieman MB; Deming D; Menachery VD; Miller DR; Buus RJ; Bell TA; Churchill GA; Threadgill DW; Katze MG; McMillan L; Valdar W; Heise MT; Pardo-Manuel de Villena F; Baric RS. 2015. Genome Wide Identification of SARS-CoV Susceptibility Loci Using the Collaborative Cross. PLoS Genet 11(10):e1005504PubMed: 26452100 MGI: J:268979
Guay C; Kruit JK; Rome S; Menoud V; Mulder NL; Jurdzinski A; Mancarella F; Sebastiani G; Donda A; Gonzalez BJ; Jandus C; Bouzakri K; Pinget M; Boitard C; Romero P; Dotta F; Regazzi R. 2019. Lymphocyte-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs Promote Pancreatic beta Cell Death and May Contribute to Type 1 Diabetes Development. Cell Metab 29(2):348-361.e6PubMed: 30318337 MGI: J:272060
Harrill AH; Desmet KD; Wolf KK; Bridges AS; Eaddy JS; Kurtz CL; Hall JE; Paine MF; Tidwell RR; Watkins PB. 2012. A mouse diversity panel approach reveals the potential for clinical kidney injury due to DB289 not predicted by classical rodent models. Toxicol Sci 130(2):416-26PubMed: 22940726 MGI: J:192655
Huang Q; Chan KY; Tobey IG; Chan YA; Poterba T; Boutros CL; Balazs AB; Daneman R; Bloom JM; Seed C; Deverman BE. 2019. Delivering genes across the blood-brain barrier: LY6A, a novel cellular receptor for AAV-PHP.B capsids. PLoS One 14(11):e0225206PubMed: 31725765 MGI: J:282289
Hui ST; Parks BW; Org E; Norheim F; Che N; Pan C; Castellani LW; Charugundla S; Dirks DL; Psychogios N; Neuhaus I; Gerszten RE; Kirchgessner T; Gargalovic PS; Lusis AJ. 2015. The genetic architecture of NAFLD among inbred strains of mice. Elife 4:e05607PubMed: 26067236 MGI: J:223755
Into T; Niida S; Shibata KI. 2018. MyD88 signaling causes autoimmune sialadenitis through formation of high endothelial venules and upregulation of LTbeta receptor-mediated signaling. Sci Rep 8(1):14272PubMed: 30250175 MGI: J:288726
Jonczyk MS; Simon M; Kumar S; Fernandes VE; Sylvius N; Mallon AM; Denny P; Andrew PW. 2014. Genetic factors regulating lung vasculature and immune cell functions associate with resistance to pneumococcal infection. PLoS One 9(3):e89831PubMed: 24594938 MGI: J:214701
Josset L; Tchitchek N; Gralinski LE; Ferris MT; Eisfeld AJ; Green RR; Thomas MJ; Tisoncik-Go J; Schroth GP; Kawaoka Y; Manuel de Villena FP; Baric RS; Heise MT; Peng X; Katze MG. 2014. Annotation of long non-coding RNAs expressed in collaborative cross founder mice in response to respiratory virus infection reveals a new class of interferon-stimulated transcripts. RNA Biol 11(7):875-90PubMed: 24922324 MGI: J:276026
Keane TM; Goodstadt L; Danecek P; White MA; Wong K; Yalcin B; Heger A; Agam A; Slater G; Goodson M; Furlotte NA; Eskin E; Nellaker C; Whitley H; Cleak J; Janowitz D; Hernandez-Pliego P; Edwards A; Belgard TG; Oliver PL; McIntyre RE; Bhomra A; Nicod J; Gan X; Yuan W; van der Weyden L; Steward CA; Bala S; Stalker J; Mott R; Durbin R; Jackson IJ; Czechanski A; Guerra-Assuncao JA; Donahue LR; Reinholdt LG; Payseur BA; Ponting CP; Birney E; Flint J; Adams DJ. 2011. Mouse genomic variation and its effect on phenotypes and gene regulation. Nature 477(7364):289-94PubMed: 21921910 MGI: J:177037
Kemis JH; Linke V; Barrett KL; Boehm FJ; Traeger LL; Keller MP; Rabaglia ME; Schueler KL; Stapleton DS; Gatti DM; Churchill GA; Amador-Noguez D; Russell JD; Yandell BS; Broman KW; Coon JJ; Attie AD; Rey FE. 2019. Genetic determinants of gut microbiota composition and bile acid profiles in mice. PLoS Genet 15(8):e1008073PubMed: 31465442 MGI: J:279004
Kollmus H; Fuchs H; Lengger C; Haselimashhadi H; Bogue MA; Ostereicher MA; Horsch M; Adler T; Aguilar-Pimentel JA; Amarie OV; Becker L; Beckers J; Calzada-Wack J; Garrett L; Hans W; Holter SM; Klein-Rodewald T; Maier H; Mayer-Kuckuk P; Miller G; Moreth K; Neff F; Rathkolb B; Racz I; Rozman J; Spielmann N; Treise I; Busch D; Graw J; Klopstock T; Wolf E; Wurst W; Yildirim AO; Mason J; Torres A; Balling R; Mehaan T; Gailus-Durner V; Schughart K; Hrabe de Angelis M. 2020. A comprehensive and comparative phenotypic analysis of the collaborative founder strains identifies new and known phenotypes. Mamm Genome 31(1-2):30-48PubMed: 32060626 MGI: J:285780
Lakhter AJ; Pratt RE; Moore RE; Doucette KK; Maier BF; DiMeglio LA; Sims EK. 2018. Beta cell extracellular vesicle miR-21-5p cargo is increased in response to inflammatory cytokines and serves as a biomarker of type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 61(5):1124-1134PubMed: 29445851 MGI: J:262091
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Philip VM; Sokoloff G; Ackert-Bicknell CL; Striz M; Branstetter L; Beckmann MA; Spence JS; Jackson BL; Galloway LD; Barker P; Wymore AM; Hunsicker PR; Durtschi DC; Shaw GS; Shinpock S; Manly KF; Miller DR; Donohue KD; Culiat CT; Churchill GA; Lariviere WR; Palmer AA; O'Hara BF; Voy BH; Chesler EJ. 2011. Genetic analysis in the Collaborative Cross breeding population. Genome Res 21(8):1223-38PubMed: 21734011 MGI: J:175076
Pierce MA; Chapman HD; Post CM; Svetlanov A; Efrat S; Horwitz M; Serreze DV. 2003. Adenovirus early region 3 antiapoptotic 10.4K, 14.5K, and 14.7K genes decrease the incidence of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetes 52(5):1119-27PubMed: 12716741 MGI: J:83195
Poole RL; Aleman TR; Ellis HT; Tordoff MG. 2016. Maltodextrin Acceptance and Preference in Eight Mouse Strains. Chem Senses 41(1):45-52PubMed: 26464499 MGI: J:268627
Quintana FJ; Cohen IR. 2001. Autoantibody Patterns in Diabetes-prone NOD Mice and in Standard C57BL/6 Mice. J Autoimmun 17(3):191-7PubMed: 11712856 MGI: J:72893
Reed DR; Bachmanov AA; Tordoff MG. 2007. Forty mouse strain survey of body composition. Physiol Behav 91(5):593-600PubMed: 17493645 MGI: J:272217
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Riera M; Anguiano L; Clotet S; Roca-Ho H; Rebull M; Pascual J; Soler MJ. 2016. Paricalcitol modulates ACE2 shedding and renal ADAM17 in NOD mice beyond proteinuria. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 310(6):F534-46PubMed: 26697977 MGI: J:281970
Riera M; Marquez E; Clotet S; Gimeno J; Roca-Ho H; Lloreta J; Juanpere N; Batlle D; Pascual J; Soler MJ. 2014. Effect of insulin on ACE2 activity and kidney function in the non-obese diabetic mouse. PLoS One 9(1):e84683PubMed: 24400109 MGI: J:229587
Roberts A; Pardo-Manuel de Villena F; Wang W; McMillan L; Threadgill DW. 2007. The polymorphism architecture of mouse genetic resources elucidated using genome-wide resequencing data: implications for QTL discovery and systems genetics. Mamm Genome 18(6-7):473-81PubMed: 17674098 MGI: J:274826
Roca-Ho H; Riera M; Palau V; Pascual J; Soler MJ. 2017. Characterization of ACE and ACE2 Expression within Different Organs of the NOD Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 18(3)PubMed: 28273875 MGI: J:286870
Rustay NR; Wahlsten D; Crabbe JC. 2003. Assessment of genetic susceptibility to ethanol intoxication in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(5):2917-22PubMed: 12584362 MGI: J:82386
Sankowski R; Strohl JJ; Huerta TS; Nasiri E; Mazzarello AN; D'Abramo C; Cheng KF; Staszewski O; Prinz M; Huerta PT; Al-Abed Y. 2019. Endogenous retroviruses are associated with hippocampus-based memory impairment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 116(51):25982-25990PubMed: 31792184 MGI: J:282792
Schoenrock SA; Oreper D; Young N; Ervin RB; Bogue MA; Valdar W; Tarantino LM. 2016. Ovariectomy results in inbred strain-specific increases in anxiety-like behavior in mice. Physiol Behav 167:404-412PubMed: 27693591 MGI: J:275944
Serr I; Scherm MG; Zahm AM; Schug J; Flynn VK; Hippich M; Kalin S; Becker M; Achenbach P; Nikolaev A; Gerlach K; Liebsch N; Loretz B; Lehr CM; Kirchner B; Spornraft M; Haase B; Segars J; Kuper C; Palmisano R; Waisman A; Willis RA; Kim WU; Weigmann B; Kaestner KH; Ziegler AG; Daniel C. 2018. A miRNA181a/NFAT5 axis links impaired T cell tolerance induction with autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Sci Transl Med 10(422)PubMed: 29298866 MGI: J:254437
Serreze DV; Leiter EH. 1994. Genetic and pathogenic basis of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Curr Opin Immunol 6(6):900-6PubMed: 7710714 MGI: J:22216
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Shorter JR; Maurizio PL; Bell TA; Shaw GD; Miller DR; Gooch TJ; Spence JS; McMillan L; Valdar W; Pardo-Manuel de Villena F. 2019. A Diallel of the Mouse Collaborative Cross Founders Reveals Strong Strain-Specific Maternal Effects on Litter Size. G3 (Bethesda) 9(5):1613-1622PubMed: 30877080 MGI: J:275447
Stadinski BD; Shekhar K; Gomez-Tourino I; Jung J; Sasaki K; Sewell AK; Peakman M; Chakraborty AK; Huseby ES. 2016. Hydrophobic CDR3 residues promote the development of self-reactive T cells. Nat Immunol 17(8):946-55PubMed: 27348411 MGI: J:259367
Stocks BT; Thomas AB; Elizer SK; Zhu Y; Marshall AF; Wilson CS; Moore DJ. 2017. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization Is Necessary but Not Sufficient for Tolerance in Islet Transplantation. Diabetes 66(1):127-133PubMed: 27797908 MGI: J:250462
Stocks BT; Wilson CS; Marshall AF; Hoopes EM; Moore DJ. 2019. Regulation of Diabetogenic Immunity by IL-15-Activated Regulatory CD8 T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes. J Immunol 203(1):158-166PubMed: 31127035 MGI: J:276957
Sun W; Lee S; Zhabotynsky V; Zou F; Wright FA; Crowley JJ; Yun Z; Buus RJ; Miller DR; Wang J; McMillan L; Pardo-Manuel de Villena F; Sullivan PF. 2012. Transcriptome atlases of mouse brain reveals differential expression across brain regions and genetic backgrounds. G3 (Bethesda) 2(2):203-11PubMed: 22384399 MGI: J:276185
Sundberg JP; Awgulewitsch A; Pruett ND; Potter CS; Silva KA; Stearns TM; Sundberg BA; Munoz MW; Cuasnicu PS; King LE Jr; Rice RH. 2014. Crisp1 and alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice. Exp Mol Pathol 97(3):525-8PubMed: 25446841 MGI: J:244188
Sunde RA. 2018. Selenium regulation of selenoprotein enzyme activity and transcripts in a pilot study with Founder strains from the Collaborative Cross. PLoS One 13(1):e0191449PubMed: 29338053 MGI: J:265637
Thompson PJ; Shah A; Ntranos V; Van Gool F; Atkinson M; Bhushan A. 2019. Targeted Elimination of Senescent Beta Cells Prevents Type 1 Diabetes. Cell Metab 29(5):1045-1060.e10PubMed: 30799288 MGI: J:274944
Tordoff MG; Bachmanov AA; Reed DR. 2007. Forty mouse strain survey of voluntary calcium intake, blood calcium, and bone mineral content. Physiol Behav 91(5):632-43PubMed: 17493644 MGI: J:272216
Tordoff MG; Bachmanov AA; Reed DR. 2007. Forty mouse strain survey of water and sodium intake. Physiol Behav 91(5):620-31PubMed: 17490693 MGI: J:269806
Trembleau S; Gregori S; Penna G; Gorny I; Adorini L. 2001. Il-12 administration reveals diabetogenic t cells in genetically resistant i-ealpha-transgenic nonobese diabetic mice: resistance to autoimmune diabetes is associated with binding of ealpha-derived peptides to the i-a(g7) molecule. J Immunol 167(7):4104-14PubMed: 11564833 MGI: J:71651
Tripathi D; Cheekatla SS; Paidipally P; Radhakrishnan RK; Welch E; Thandi RS; Tvinnereim AR; Vankayalapati R. 2018. c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 defective CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells prolong islet allograft survival in diabetic mice. Sci Rep 8(1):3310PubMed: 29459675 MGI: J:262623
Tsaih SW; Presa M; Khaja S; Ciecko AE; Serreze DV; Chen YG. 2015. A locus on mouse chromosome 13 inversely regulates CD1d expression and the development of invariant natural killer T-cells. Genes Immun 16(3):221-30PubMed: 25654212 MGI: J:285567
Van Der Kraak L; Langlais D; Jothy S; Beauchemin N; Gros P. 2016. Mapping hyper-susceptibility to colitis-associated colorectal cancer in FVB/NJ mice. Mamm Genome 27(5-6):213-24PubMed: 26979842 MGI: J:242437
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Additional - Cdh23^ahl related

Additional - Cox7a2l^l related

Additional - Gpr84^del related

Additional - H2^g7 related

Additional - Hc⁰ related

Additional - Il2^m1 related

Additional - mt-Tr^m1 related

Additional - Del(1)2Lt related

Additional - Del(3)1Lt related

Additional - Del(3)3Lt related

Technical Support

CONTACT TECHNICAL SUPPORT

Genotyping Protocols
- Genotyping resources and troubleshooting
Inbred mouse strains are maintained through sibling (sister x brother) matings; no genotyping required.
Dietary Information
- LabDiet® 5K52 formulation (6% fat)
Breeding Considerations

This strain is an exceptional breeder.

A footpad injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) administered once at weaning will delay diabetes onset, thus extending the lifespan of breeders. A discussion on the use of Complete Freund's Adjuvant in NOD mice can be found in. Current Protocols in Immunology pages 15.9.1-15.9.23 (see PDF link under Immunological protocols).
- Additional Breeding and Husbandry Support
Mating System
- Sibling x Sibling
Appearance
- albino
  Related Genotype: A/A Tyr^c/Tyr^c
Citation
When using the NOD mouse strain in a publication, please include JAX stock #001976 in your Materials and Methods section.

Animal Health Reports

Facility Barrier Level Descriptions

AX5 (Standard)

RB10 (Maximum)

Pricing & Availability

Readily Available

Domestic
International

Live Mouse

Age

Genotype

Price

weeks

Volume Pricing Details

QUANTITY	Volume Pricing

Volume Pricing Program
Quantities: Volume pricing is automatically applied when a minimum quantity per strain for a shipment is reached
Sexes: Sexes of the same strain may be combined to reach minimum quantity levels to receive the volume pricing
Shipment: All shipping destinations qualify

Cryorecovery - Pricing

Service/Product	Description	Price
	Inbred, 1 pair minimum will be supplied

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Mouse ES Cells	NOD/ShiLtJ AC576/GrsJ mES cells	$2500.00

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The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project. We do not guarantee breeding performance and therefore suggest that investigators order more than one breeding pair to avoid delays in their research.

Terms Of Use

General Terms and Conditions

Questions about Terms of Use

Licensing Information

Phone: 207-288-6470

Email: TechTran@jax.org

JAX® Mice, Products & Services Conditions of Use

"MICE" means mouse strains, their progeny derived by inbreeding or crossbreeding, unmodified derivatives from mouse strains or their progeny supplied by The Jackson Laboratory ("JACKSON"). "PRODUCT(S)" means biological materials supplied by JACKSON, and their derivatives. "SERVICES" means projects conducted by JACKSON for other parties that may include but are not limited to the use of MICE or PRODUCTS. "RECIPIENT" means each recipient of MICE, PRODUCTS, or SERVICES provided by JACKSON including each institution, its employees and other researchers under its control. MICE or PRODUCTS shall not be: (i) used for any purpose other than internal research, (ii) sold or otherwise provided to any third party for any use, or (iii) provided to any agent or other third party to provide breeding or other services. Acceptance of MICE, PRODUCTS or SERVICES from JACKSON shall be deemed as agreement by RECIPIENT to these conditions, and departure from these conditions requires JACKSON’s prior written authorization.

No Warranty

MICE, PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ARE PROVIDED "AS IS". JACKSON EXTENDS NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, WITH RESPECT TO MICE, PRODUCTS OR SERVICES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.

Credit for PRODUCTS or SERVICES

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Animal Care and Use for SERVICES

Consistent with the requirement for a written understanding regarding animal care and use, the JACKSON Animal Care and Use Committee will review the animal care and use protocol(s) associated with any SERVICES to be performed at JACKSON, and JACKSON shall have ultimate responsibility and authority for the care of animals while on site or in JACKSON custody.

No Liability

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Also Known As:Non-obese Diabetic, NOD

Genetic overview

Research Applications

Base Price

Volume Pricing Available!

Important Note

Detailed Description

Development

Control Suggestions

Approximate Controls

Additional Information

Selected References

Il2m1

Allele Symbol: Il2m1

Gpr84del

Allele Symbol: Gpr84del

Hc0

Allele Symbol: Hc0

H2g7

Allele Symbol: H2g7

Cdh23ahl

Allele Symbol: Cdh23ahl

Cox7a2ll

Allele Symbol: Cox7a2ll

mt-Trm1

Allele Symbol: mt-Trm1

Del(3)1Lt

Allele Symbol: Del(3)1Lt

Del(1)2Lt

Allele Symbol: Del(1)2Lt

Del(3)3Lt

Allele Symbol: Del(3)3Lt

Disease Terms

Research Areas By Phenotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Genotype: Hc0 related

Genotype: Cdh23ahl related

Genotype: H2g7 related

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

Phenotype Information

References

Additional References

Additional - Cdh23ahl related

Additional - Cox7a2ll related

Additional - Gpr84del related

Additional - H2g7 related

Additional - Hc0 related

Additional - Il2m1 related

Additional - mt-Trm1 related

Additional - Del(1)2Lt related

Additional - Del(3)1Lt related

Additional - Del(3)3Lt related

Genotyping Protocols

Dietary Information

Breeding Considerations

Mating System

Appearance

Citation

Animal Health Reports

Live Mouse

Volume Pricing Details

Cryorecovery - Pricing

Related Products and Services

Payment Terms and Conditions

The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

Terms Of Use

Licensing Information

JAX® Mice, Products & Services Conditions of Use

No Warranty

Credit for PRODUCTS or SERVICES

Animal Care and Use for SERVICES

No Liability

Il2^m1

Allele Symbol: Il2^m1

Gpr84^del

Allele Symbol: Gpr84^del

Hc⁰

Allele Symbol: Hc⁰

H2^g7

Allele Symbol: H2^g7

Cdh23^ahl

Allele Symbol: Cdh23^ahl

Cox7a2l^l

Allele Symbol: Cox7a2l^l

mt-Tr^m1

Allele Symbol: mt-Tr^m1

Genotype: Hc⁰ related

Genotype: Cdh23^ahl related

Genotype: H2^g7 related

Additional - Cdh23^ahl related

Additional - Cox7a2l^l related

Additional - Gpr84^del related

Additional - H2^g7 related

Additional - Hc⁰ related

Additional - Il2^m1 related

Additional - mt-Tr^m1 related