The curtailed mutation is one of the most severe heterozygous-viable alleles of brachyury.
Read More +Genetic Background | Generation |
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Allele Type | Gene Symbol | Gene Name |
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Radiation induced | T | brachyury, T-box transcription factor T |
This strain may carry the recessive tufted allele (Itpr3tf).
Mice heterozygous for the semidominant curtailed allele of brachyury usually have only a short, boneless caudal filament in place of the tail, although a few have short tails. Some heterozygotes die between birth and weaning. Low-grade spina bifida and blood blisters just dorsal of the caudal filament, occasional hind-limb paralysis, or atresia ani have also been observed (Searle, 1965). Heterozygotes lack the odontoid process of the axis and intervertebral nuclei pulposi, except for traces in the lower thoracic and lumbar regions. There are wider than normal cervical vertebral centra and the atlas has an abnormal shape in the ventral arch. Missing and fused vertebrae, and fused and malformed ribs are also standard phenotypes. Ventral duplication of the neural tube or spinal cord also occur in heterozygotes.
Curtailed homozygotes die between embryonic day 9.5 and 10.5 with failed placental connections. They lack the posterior part of the body to a greater degree than do brachyury (T) homozygotes. Truncation of the primitive streak diminishes its insertion into the exocoelom, no allantoic core domain is then found in the allantois, and the anterior position of the allantoic-yolk sac junction results in placement within the embryonic compartment rather than extraembryonic. As a result, medial umbilical roots are foreshortened in homozygotes disrupting the organization of the vessel of confluence and umbilical artery (Rodriquez et al., 2017). Tc is dominant to Th but not to T. Tc/th7 compound heterozygotes have a tail that is shorter than normal, but present.
A C3H/HeH female bred with a 101/H male was irradiated when 17 days pregnant and the offspring were mated with T stock, which was a non-inbred testing stock homozygous for seven recessive alleles, a, Tyrp1b, Tyrc-ch, Oca2p, Myo5ad, Bmp5se, and Ednrbs. One female offspring had a very short caudal filament instead of a normal tail and she was bred to an unrelated (C3H/HeH x 101/H)F1 male and produced nearly 50% offspring with the Tc phenotype. At some point a cross was done that introduced the tufted mutation (Itpr3tf) into the line from an undefined source. In 1991 some mice that were black agouti and carrying Tc and Itpr3tf were shipped from the laboratory of Dr. Dorothea Bennett at The University of Texas, Austin, to The Mouse Mutant Resource at The Jackson Laboratory. These were sibling intercrossed for three generations and embryos were generated for cryopreservation from C3H/HeSnJ females bred with males carrying Tc and undefined for Itpr3tf. 15 years later IFV generated cryopreserved embryos from cryo-recovered Tc males and C3H/HeSnJ females.
Allele Name | curtailed |
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Allele Type | Radiation induced |
Allele Synonym(s) | |
Gene Symbol and Name | T, brachyury, T-box transcription factor T |
Gene Synonym(s) | |
Strain of Origin | (C3H/HeH x 101/H)F1 |
Chromosome | 17 |
General Note | Tc, curtailed, semidominant. Found among offspring from a cross between a multiple recessive testing stock, T stock, and a pup from an irradiated C3H/HeH female that had been impregnated by a 101/H male. Heterozygotes have complete or near-complete absence of the tail, absence of the odontoid process of the axis, absence of the nucleus pulposi of the intervertebral discs, a tendency for rib and vertebral fusions, and a slight decrease in average number of presacral vertebrae. They occasionally show paralysis of the hindlimbs and atresia ani. Homozygotes die at the same time as T/T embryos and are similar to them but more severely affected. Tc/T embryos are variable and intermediate between T/T and T c/T c (J:5003). |
Molecular Note | Southern analysis of genomic DNA showed that this allele does not comprise a deletion of flanking loci, D17Leh119II and D17RP17, as found for alleles Thp and TOrl. Sequencing genomic DNA from the open reading frame revealed a 19 bp deletion of GCACACGGTCTCAGCTGCC predicted to result in a protein truncated at the carboxyl-terminal end. |
While maintaining a live colony, these mice are bred as heterozygote x wild-type or wild-type x heterozygote. It may be necessary to wait until 4 weeks of age to wean heterozygotes.
When using the curtailed mouse strain in a publication, please cite the originating article(s) and include JAX stock #001814 in your Materials and Methods section.
Facility Barrier Level Descriptions
Service/Product | Description | Price |
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Heterozygous or Wild-type for T<c> |
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The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project. We do not guarantee breeding performance and therefore suggest that investigators order more than one breeding pair to avoid delays in their research.
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