Overview

Also Known As:curtailed

The curtailed mutation is one of the most severe heterozygous-viable alleles of brachyury.

Genetic overview

Genetic Background	Generation

T^c

Allele Type	Gene Symbol	Gene Name
Radiation induced	T	brachyury, T-box transcription factor T

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Research Applications

Neurobiology Research
Developmental Biology Research

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Base Price

Starting at:

$2,854.50 Domestic price Cryo Recovery

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Details

Important Note

This strain may carry the recessive tufted allele (Itpr3^tf).

Detailed Description

Mice heterozygous for the semidominant curtailed allele of brachyury usually have only a short, boneless caudal filament in place of the tail, although a few have short tails. Some heterozygotes die between birth and weaning. Low-grade spina bifida and blood blisters just dorsal of the caudal filament, occasional hind-limb paralysis, or atresia ani have also been observed (Searle, 1965). Heterozygotes lack the odontoid process of the axis and intervertebral nuclei pulposi, except for traces in the lower thoracic and lumbar regions. There are wider than normal cervical vertebral centra and the atlas has an abnormal shape in the ventral arch. Missing and fused vertebrae, and fused and malformed ribs are also standard phenotypes. Ventral duplication of the neural tube or spinal cord also occur in heterozygotes.

Curtailed homozygotes die between embryonic day 9.5 and 10.5 with failed placental connections. They lack the posterior part of the body to a greater degree than do brachyury (T) homozygotes. Truncation of the primitive streak diminishes its insertion into the exocoelom, no allantoic core domain is then found in the allantois, and the anterior position of the allantoic-yolk sac junction results in placement within the embryonic compartment rather than extraembryonic. As a result, medial umbilical roots are foreshortened in homozygotes disrupting the organization of the vessel of confluence and umbilical artery (Rodriquez et al., 2017). T^c is dominant to T^h but not to T. T^c/t^h7 compound heterozygotes have a tail that is shorter than normal, but present.

Development

A C3H/HeH female bred with a 101/H male was irradiated when 17 days pregnant and the offspring were mated with T stock, which was a non-inbred testing stock homozygous for seven recessive alleles, a, Tyrp1^b, Tyr^c-ch, Oca2^p, Myo5a^d, Bmp5^se, and Ednrb^s. One female offspring had a very short caudal filament instead of a normal tail and she was bred to an unrelated (C3H/HeH x 101/H)F1 male and produced nearly 50% offspring with the T^c phenotype. At some point a cross was done that introduced the tufted mutation (Itpr3^tf) into the line from an undefined source. In 1991 some mice that were black agouti and carrying T^c and Itpr3^tf were shipped from the laboratory of Dr. Dorothea Bennett at The University of Texas, Austin, to The Mouse Mutant Resource at The Jackson Laboratory. These were sibling intercrossed for three generations and embryos were generated for cryopreservation from C3H/HeSnJ females bred with males carrying T^c and undefined for Itpr3^tf. 15 years later IFV generated cryopreserved embryos from cryo-recovered T^c males and C3H/HeSnJ females.

Control Suggestions

Wild-type from the colony

Additional Information

Considerations for Choosing Controls

Selected References

Searle AG. 1966. Curtailed, a new dominant T-allele in the house mouse. Genet Res 7(1):86-95PubMed: 5906493 MGI: J:5003

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Genetics

T^c

Allele Symbol: T^c

Allele Name	curtailed
Allele Type	Radiation induced
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	T, brachyury, T-box transcription factor T
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	(C3H/HeH x 101/H)F1
Chromosome	17
General Note	T^c, curtailed, semidominant. Found among offspring from a cross between a multiple recessive testing stock, T stock, and a pup from an irradiated C3H/HeH female that had been impregnated by a 101/H male. Heterozygotes have complete or near-complete absence of the tail, absence of the odontoid process of the axis, absence of the nucleus pulposi of the intervertebral discs, a tendency for rib and vertebral fusions, and a slight decrease in average number of presacral vertebrae. They occasionally show paralysis of the hindlimbs and atresia ani. Homozygotes die at the same time as T/T embryos and are similar to them but more severely affected. T^c/T embryos are variable and intermediate between T/T and T ^c/T ^c (J:5003).
Molecular Note	Southern analysis of genomic DNA showed that this allele does not comprise a deletion of flanking loci, D17Leh119II and D17RP17, as found for alleles T^hp and T^Orl. Sequencing genomic DNA from the open reading frame revealed a 19 bp deletion of GCACACGGTCTCAGCTGCC predicted to result in a protein truncated at the carboxyl-terminal end.

Disease/Phenotype

Disease Terms

Research Areas By Phenotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Genotype: T^c related

Neurobiology Research
- Neural Tube Defects
Developmental Biology Research
- Neural Tube Defects

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

The following phenotype information is associated with a similar, but not exact match to this JAX^® Mice strain

Genotype: T^c/T⁺
Not Specified

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

abnormal tail morphology
- tail is reduced to a very short curly filament without skeleton and in some instances the tail is altogether absent
- while approximately 5% of heterozygotes have a short tail not more than 20% normal length, most have no normal tail but a short boneless caudal filament

absent tail

short tail

mortality/aging

neonatal lethality, incomplete penetrance
- ratio of mutant to wild-type is less than 1 to 1 at birth

postnatal lethality
- 32% of curtailed mice die between birth and weaning

skeleton phenotype

abnormal bone ossification
- the centra of cervical vertebrae are wider than normal, the axis tends to ossify from twin centers, and distortion and fusion is found in some throacic centra

abnormal cervical atlas morphology
- the neural arch is partially double in some heterozygotes

abnormal cervical vertebrae morphology

abnormal nucleus pulposus morphology
- aside from slight traces in the lower thoracic and lumbar regions, the intervertebral nuclei pulposi are absent at 3 weeks of age

abnormal odontoid process morphology
- the axis odontoid process is absent resulting in a horseshoe-shaped articulation between the atlas and axis

abnormal vertebral arch development

cervical vertebral fusion
- between the second and third vertebrae

decreased presacral vertebrae number

fusion of vertebral arches

rib fusion
- often extensive in the thoracic region

short ribs

thoracic vertebral fusion

vertebral fusion

Genotype: T^c/T^c
Not Specified

cardiovascular system phenotype

distended pericardium
- at embryonic day 10 to 11 the pericardium is distended

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

abnormal limb bud morphology

absent forelimb buds
- fore-limb buds do not develop

absent hindlimb buds
- at embryonic day 10 to 11 the hind-limb buds have failed to develop

absent tail bud
- at embryonic day 10 to 11

embryo phenotype

abnormal allantois morphology
- at embryonic day 10 to 11 the normal allantoic outgrowth is lacking

abnormal embryo development
- abnormal spinal cord
- distended pericardium
- loss of fore-limb buds
- posterior body reduction

abnormal limb bud morphology

abnormal neural fold formation
- at embryonic day 10 to 11 the nerual folds remain open in the trunk region and there are kinks in the spinal cord on each side of the open neural folds

abnormal neural tube morphology

absent forelimb buds
- fore-limb buds do not develop

absent hindlimb buds
- at embryonic day 10 to 11 the hind-limb buds have failed to develop

absent somites
- at embryonic day 10 to 11 externally visible somites are absent

absent tail bud
- at embryonic day 10 to 11

caudal body truncation
- at embryonic day 10 to 11 the posterior part of the body, including hind-limb buds and tail have failed to develop

kinked neural tube

mortality/aging

embryonic lethality during organogenesis, incomplete penetrance
- between embryonic day 9 and 11, 31% of embryos from intercrosses of heterozygotes are dead or malformed and the abnormalities are more extreme than in T homozygotes

nervous system phenotype

abnormal neural tube morphology

kinked neural tube

The following phenotype relates to a compound genotype created using this strain

Genotype: T^c/T⁺
mixed

embryo phenotype

abnormal neural tube morphology
- at E12.5, one accessory neural tube is observed

abnormal tail bud morphology
- by E 12, mutants show constriction at the base of the tail
- later in development, the abnormalities observed are less severe and occur more posteriorly than in T^c/t^w5 embryos

spina bifida occulta
- unlike T/t<25> mutants, the dermis over the bony defect of the spinal cord does not become attenuated and rupture

split notochord
- some embryos show duplication or intermittent absence of the notochord

skeleton phenotype

absent vertebrae
- embryos display partial or complete absence of bony vertebrae posterior to midliver level

spina bifida occulta
- unlike T/t<25> mutants, the dermis over the bony defect of the spinal cord does not become attenuated and rupture

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

abnormal tail bud morphology
- by E 12, mutants show constriction at the base of the tail
- later in development, the abnormalities observed are less severe and occur more posteriorly than in T^c/t^w5 embryos

nervous system phenotype

abnormal neural tube morphology
- at E12.5, one accessory neural tube is observed

abnormal spinal cord morphology
- embryos display ventral duplication of the spinal cord

spina bifida occulta
- unlike T/t<25> mutants, the dermis over the bony defect of the spinal cord does not become attenuated and rupture

Genotype: T^c/T^c
mixed

embryo phenotype

abnormal limb bud morphology

abnormal neural tube morphology
- neural tube bulges anteriorly and is uneven in width with larger than normal spaces between cells

absent somites
- embryos lack externally visible somites

absent tail bud
- tail bud is absent

caudal body truncation
- posterior portion of the body is severely reduced

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

abnormal limb bud morphology

absent tail bud
- tail bud is absent

mortality/aging

embryonic lethality during organogenesis, complete penetrance
- embryos die around E10-11 due to failure of establishment of placental connections

nervous system phenotype

abnormal neural tube morphology
- neural tube bulges anteriorly and is uneven in width with larger than normal spaces between cells

References

Searle AG. 1966. Curtailed, a new dominant T-allele in the house mouse. Genet Res 7(1):86-95PubMed: 5906493 MGI: J:5003

Additional References

Dietrich S; Schubert FR; Gruss P. 1993. Altered Pax gene expression in murine notochord mutants: the notochord is required to initiate and maintain ventral identity in the somite. Mech Dev 44(2-3):189-207PubMed: 8155581 MGI: J:16484

Additional - T^c related

Technical Support

CONTACT TECHNICAL SUPPORT

Genotyping Protocols
- Sanger sequencing:T
- Genotyping resources and troubleshooting
Breeding Considerations

While maintaining a live colony, these mice are bred as heterozygote x wild-type or wild-type x heterozygote. It may be necessary to wait until 4 weeks of age to wean heterozygotes.
- Additional Breeding and Husbandry Support
Appearance
- Appearance: agouti
  Associated Genotype: A/A
Citation
When using the curtailed mouse strain in a publication, please cite the originating article(s) and include JAX stock #001814 in your Materials and Methods section.

Animal Health Reports

Facility Barrier Level Descriptions

Production of mice from cryopreserved embryos or sperm occurs in a maximum barrier room, G200

Pricing & Availability

Cryo Recovery

Domestic
International

Live Mouse

Age

Genotype

Price

weeks

Cryorecovery - Pricing

Service/Product	Description	Price
	Heterozygous or Wild-type for T<c>

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The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project. We do not guarantee breeding performance and therefore suggest that investigators order more than one breeding pair to avoid delays in their research.

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Licensing Information

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Also Known As:curtailed

Genetic overview

Research Applications

Base Price

Important Note

Detailed Description

Development

Control Suggestions

Additional Information

Selected References

Tc

Allele Symbol: Tc

Disease Terms

Research Areas By Phenotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Genotype: Tc related

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

Genotype: Tc/T+Not Specified

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

mortality/aging

skeleton phenotype

Genotype: Tc/TcNot Specified

cardiovascular system phenotype

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

embryo phenotype

mortality/aging

nervous system phenotype

Genotype: Tc/T+mixed

embryo phenotype

skeleton phenotype

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

nervous system phenotype

Genotype: Tc/Tcmixed

embryo phenotype

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

mortality/aging

nervous system phenotype

References

Additional References

Additional - Tc related

Genotyping Protocols

Breeding Considerations

Appearance

Citation

Animal Health Reports

Production of mice from cryopreserved embryos or sperm occurs in a maximum barrier room, G200

Live Mouse

Cryorecovery - Pricing

Payment Terms and Conditions

The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

Terms Of Use

Licensing Information

JAX® Mice, Products & Services Conditions of Use

No Warranty

Credit for PRODUCTS or SERVICES

Animal Care and Use for SERVICES

No Liability

T^c

Allele Symbol: T^c

Genotype: T^c related

Genotype: T^c/T⁺
Not Specified

Genotype: T^c/T^c
Not Specified

Genotype: T^c/T⁺
mixed

Genotype: T^c/T^c
mixed

Additional - T^c related