Overview

Also Known As:129X1

129 inbred mice are characterized by a high incidence of spontaneous testicular teratomas, though the incidence differs between substrains. 129/SvJ mice, as well as mice from other 129 sublines, are widely used in the production of targeted mutations due to the availability of multiple embryonic stem cell lines derived from them. Major genetic variation exists between various sublines of the 129 "family".

Genetic overview

Genetic Background	Generation
	Contact Technical Support (2019-05-22 00:00:00)

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Research Applications

Reproductive Biology Research
Cancer Research
Research Tools
Neurobiology Research
Sensorineural Research

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Base Price

Starting at:

$33.21 Domestic price for male 3-week

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Details

Important Note

This strain is homozygous for Cdh23^ahl, the age related hearing loss 1 mutation, which on this background results in progressive hearing loss with onset prior to three months of age.

Detailed Description

Historically, the 129 inbred mice are known for the high incidence of spontaneous testicular teratomas, though the incidence differs between substrains. (1-3% in 129 parental substrains; 30% in teratoma substrains.) More recently 129 mice are widely used in the production of targeted mutations due to the availability of multiple embryonic stem cell lines derived from them. There is major genetic variation within the 129 "family", which has led to an update of the nomenclature and a division of the substrains into three major groups: parental substrains (129P), steel substrains (129S) and "teratoma" substrains (129T). Investigators using 129 substrains for targeted mutagenesis should be careful in the selection of the appropriate 129 substrain to match the embryonic stem cell line. For a complete history of the numerous 129 substrains, see Simpson et al. 1997.

In response to challenge, 129X1/SvJ mice develop immune-mediated nephritis characterized by proteinuria, glomerulonephritis and tubulointerstitial disease (Xie et al. 2004).

White et al. reported a variation in thioglycolate medium-induced peritoneal leukocyte recruitment in 4 analyzed strains. The response of total leukocyte recruitment, from greatest to least, was C57BL/6J>BALB/c>CD1>129X1/SvJ. Variations were also found in the timeline of response and cell types most impacted.

Development

129X1/SvJ mice were transferred from the laboratory of Dr. Roy Stevens (Sv) at The Jackson Laboratory to the production colonies in 1982. Historical data and genetic analysis indicate that an accidental outcrossing of 129X1/Sv occurred prior to that transfer, sometime between 1977 and 1978, resulting in a change in coat color from Aw to a (white-bellied agouti to nonagouti) in the 129/Sv substrain.

Selected References

Festing MF; Simpson EM; Davisson MT; Mobraaten LE. 1999. Revised nomenclature for strain 129 mice. Mamm Genome 10(8):836PubMed: 10430671 MGI: J:56500
Petkov PM; Cassell MA; Sargent EE; Donnelly CJ; Robinson P; Crew V; Asquith S; Haar RV; Wiles MV. 2004. Development of a SNP genotyping panel for genetic monitoring of the laboratory mouse. Genomics 83(5):902-11PubMed: 15081119 MGI: J:89298
Simpson EM; Linder CC; Sargent EE; Davisson MT; Mobraaten LE; Sharp JJ. 1997. Genetic variation among 129 substrains and its importance for targeted mutagenesis in mice. Nat Genet 16(1):19-27PubMed: 9140391 MGI: J:40222
Stevens LC. 1973. A new inbred subline of mice (129-terSv) with a high incidence of spontaneous congenital testicular teratomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 50(1):235-42PubMed: 4692863 MGI: J:29502
Threadgill DW; Yee D; Matin A; Nadeau JH; Magnuson T. 1997. Genealogy of the 129 inbred strains: 129/SvJ is a contaminated inbred strain. Mamm Genome 8(6):390-3PubMed: 9166580 MGI: J:40661

View All References

Genetics

Cdh23^ahl

Allele Symbol: Cdh23^ahl

Allele Name	age related hearing loss 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Cdh23^753A; mdfw
Gene Symbol and Name	Cdh23, cadherin 23 (otocadherin)
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	10
Molecular Note	Genetic complementation tests have shown allelism between the mdfw (modifier of deaf waddler) locus and the ahl locus. Further analysis has shown this is caused by a G to A transition at coding nucleotide position 753 of Cdh23 (SNP rs257098870). This hypomorphic allele changes splice donor site G-GT to A-GT, causing frame skipping of exon 7. This is predicted to delete part of the 2nd and 3rd ectodomains and cause reduced message stability. Twenty-seven strains classified with ahl and carrying the 753A allele include: CD-1, RBF/DnJ, PL/J, AKR/J, RF/J, BALB/cBy, A/WySnJ, P/J, SENCARA/PtJ, DBA/1J, ALS/LtJ, C58/J, C57BLKS/J, 129P1/ReJ, C57BR/cd, SKH2/J, BUB/Bn, MA/MyJ, LP/J, 129X1/SvJ, NOR/LtJ, A/J, C57BL/6, NOD/LtJ, DBA/2J, ALR/LtJ, C57L/J. Strains classified with ahl that DO NOT carry this mutation include: 129S1/SvImJ, C3H/HeSnJ, I/LnJ, YBR/Ei, MRL/MpJ.

Poli^d

Allele Symbol: Poli^d

Allele Name	polymerase iota deficient
Allele Type	Spontaneous (Null/Knockout)
Allele Synonym(s)	Poli^-; Poli¹²⁹
Gene Symbol and Name	Poli, polymerase (DNA directed), iota
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	129
Chromosome	18
Molecular Note	A C-to-A nonsense mutation changes codon 27 from serine (TCG) to an amber stop codon (TAG) (SW:Q6R3M4 p.S27*), and results in a truncated protein lacking any catalytic function. The allele was present in every 129 strain analyzed, including 129P3/J, 129X1/SvJ, 129P1/ReJ and 129P2/Ola. C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice did not contain the mutation.

Disc1^del

Allele Symbol: Disc1^del

Allele Name	deletion
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Disc1^129S6; Disc1^delta6
Gene Symbol and Name	Disc1, disrupted in schizophrenia 1
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	various
Chromosome	8
General Note	This deletion appears in multiple strains of the 129 superfamily, 101/RI, BTBR T⁺ tf/J, LP/J, FVB/NJ, SJL/J, SWR/J and DDY/JclSidSeyFrkJ (J:111837, J:195189).
Molecular Note	A 25 bp deletion in exon 6 causes a frame shift in the reading frame, resulting in 13 novel amino acids and a premature stop codon in exon 7.

Astn2^ridge

Allele Symbol: Astn2^ridge

Allele Name	ridge
Allele Type	Spontaneous (Null/Knockout)
Allele Synonym(s)	ridge
Gene Symbol and Name	Astn2, astrotactin 2
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	129X1/SvJ
Chromosome	4
Molecular Note	The molecular lesion is a a ~30 kb deletion that encompasses exon 5 and has endpoints within a pair of LINE elements. PCR typing showed that the ~30 kb deletion is present in both R1 ES cells and in 129X1/SvJ mice, but not in the closely related 129S1/SvlmJ or 129S6/SvEvTac strains.

Disease/Phenotype

Disease Terms

Research Areas By Phenotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Reproductive Biology Research
- Gonadal Tumors
  - testicular teratomas
Cancer Research
- Increased Tumor Incidence
  - Gonadal Tumors: testicular teratomas
  - Gonadal Tumors
Research Tools
- General Purpose
- Genetics Research
  - Mutagenesis and Transgenesis: Production of Targeted Mutations (Knockouts)
  - Mutagenesis and Transgenesis
Neurobiology Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss
- Angelman syndrome
Sensorineural Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss

Genotype: Cdh23^ahl related

Neurobiology Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss
Sensorineural Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

Phenotype Information

References

Festing MF; Simpson EM; Davisson MT; Mobraaten LE. 1999. Revised nomenclature for strain 129 mice. Mamm Genome 10(8):836PubMed: 10430671 MGI: J:56500
Petkov PM; Cassell MA; Sargent EE; Donnelly CJ; Robinson P; Crew V; Asquith S; Haar RV; Wiles MV. 2004. Development of a SNP genotyping panel for genetic monitoring of the laboratory mouse. Genomics 83(5):902-11PubMed: 15081119 MGI: J:89298
Simpson EM; Linder CC; Sargent EE; Davisson MT; Mobraaten LE; Sharp JJ. 1997. Genetic variation among 129 substrains and its importance for targeted mutagenesis in mice. Nat Genet 16(1):19-27PubMed: 9140391 MGI: J:40222
Stevens LC. 1973. A new inbred subline of mice (129-terSv) with a high incidence of spontaneous congenital testicular teratomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 50(1):235-42PubMed: 4692863 MGI: J:29502
Threadgill DW; Yee D; Matin A; Nadeau JH; Magnuson T. 1997. Genealogy of the 129 inbred strains: 129/SvJ is a contaminated inbred strain. Mamm Genome 8(6):390-3PubMed: 9166580 MGI: J:40661

Additional References

Bultman SJ; Klebig ML; Michaud EJ; Sweet HO; Davisson MT; Woychik RP. 1994. Molecular analysis of reverse mutations from nonagouti (a) to black-and-tan (a(t)) and white-bellied agouti (Aw) reveals alternative forms of agouti transcripts. Genes Dev 8(4):481-90PubMed: 8125260 MGI: J:16984
Clapcote SJ; Roder JC. 2006. Deletion polymorphism of disc1 is common to all 129 mouse substrains: implications for gene-targeting studies of brain function. Genetics 173(4):2407-10PubMed: 16751659 MGI: J:111837
Roberts JE; Watters JW; Ballard JD; Dietrich WF. 1998. Ltx1, a mouse locus that influences the susceptibility of macrophages to cytolysis caused by intoxication with Bacillus anthracis lethal factor, maps to chromosome 11. Mol Microbiol 29(2):581-91PubMed: 9720874 MGI: J:49726
Xie C; Sharma R; Wang H; Zhou XJ; Mohan C. 2004. Strain distribution pattern of susceptibility to immune-mediated nephritis. J Immunol 172(8):5047-55PubMed: 15067087 MGI: J:122988
Zheng QY; Johnson KR; Erway LC. 1999. Assessment of hearing in 80 inbred strains of mice by ABR threshold analyses. Hear Res 130(1-2):94-107PubMed: 10320101 MGI: J:54812

Additional - Astn2^ridge related

Additional - Cdh23^ahl related

Additional - Disc1^del related

Additional - Poli^d related

Technical Support

CONTACT TECHNICAL SUPPORT

Genotyping Protocols
- Standard PCR:GAL Control Validation
- Genotyping resources and troubleshooting
Inbred mouse strains are maintained through sibling (sister x brother) matings; no genotyping required.
Dietary Information
- LabDiet® 5K52 formulation (6% fat)
Breeding Considerations

This strain is a challenging breeder.
- Additional Breeding and Husbandry Support
Mating System
- Sibling x Sibling
Appearance
- pink-eyed, light-bellied, light chinchilla
  Related Genotype: A^w/A^w Oca2^p Tyr^c-ch/Oca2^p Tyr^c
  
  albino
  Related Genotype: A^w/A^w Oca2^p Tyr^c/Oca2^p Tyr^c
  
  pink-eyed, light-bellied, chinchilla
  Related Genotype: A^w/A^w Oca2^p Tyr^c-ch/Oca2^p Tyr^c-ch
Citation
When using the 129X1 mouse strain in a publication, please include JAX stock #000691 in your Materials and Methods section.

Animal Health Reports

Facility Barrier Level Descriptions

AX4 (Standard)

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Genotype

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Service/Product	Description	Price
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Mouse ES Cells	129X1/SvJ-PRX-129X1 #1 mES cells	$995.00
Mouse ES Cells	129X1/SvJ-PRX-129X1 #2 mES cells	$995.00

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The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project. We do not guarantee breeding performance and therefore suggest that investigators order more than one breeding pair to avoid delays in their research.

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Also Known As:129X1

Genetic overview

Research Applications

Base Price

Important Note

Detailed Description

Development

Selected References

Cdh23ahl

Allele Symbol: Cdh23ahl

Polid

Allele Symbol: Polid

Disc1del

Allele Symbol: Disc1del

Astn2ridge

Allele Symbol: Astn2ridge