SWR/J mice are used widely in research as a general purpose strain. Aging mice exhibit a high incidence of lung and mammary gland tumors. They also develop extreme polydipsia and polyuria (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) with increasing age. SWR/J mice are highly susceptible to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Germline deletion of about 50% of T-cell receptor V beta-chain gene segments and a T-cell receptor V alpha polymorphism are responsible for the resistance of SWR/J mice to collagen type II-induced arthritis. SWR/J mice show an intermediate susceptibility to developing atherosclerotic aortic lesions (1670 to 1690 um² atherosclerotic aortic lesions/aortic cross-section) following 14 weeks on an atherogenic diet (1.25% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid and 15% fat). SWR/J mice have been recommended for generation and propogation of transgenic mice because they are high responders to exogenous hormones, have large and prominent pronuclei with good resistance to lysis following microinjection, and are genetically well-defined. SWR/J mice may also be used as controls for comparison to the autoimmune diabetic NOD/ShiLtJ mice (Stock No. 001976), especially for experiments examining the aberrant immune functions of NOD/ShiLtJ mice. Both NOD and SWR/J mice are derived from Swiss mice. SWR/J are in some cases more suitable than random bred Swiss ICR mice because of their genetic uniformity. Unlike NOD/ShiLtJ mice they are not immunocompromised, and they are genetically very different from NOD. SWR/J mice appear to be the only inbred carrying the allele Soa^a (Taster) characterized by avoidance of sucrose octaacetate solutions at low concentrations (< 10-³M).

Development

The SWR inbred strain was developed by Clara J Lynch at The Rockefeller Institute who obtained swiss mice from A. de Coulon of Lausanne, Switzerland and began inbreeding around 1926. This strain was transferred to Raymond Parker at the University of Toronto who supplied them to The Jackson Laboratory in 1947 at F28+. In 1996 embryos were cryopreserved when this strain was at inbreeding generation F191.

Selected References

Deringer MK. 1970. Mammary tumors in strains BL-LyDe and SWR-LyDe mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 45(2):215-8. PubMed: 4324608 MGI: J:69927
Fischer Lindahl K. 1997. On naming H2 haplotypes: functional significance of MHC class Ib alleles. Immunogenetics 46(1):53-62. PubMed: 9148789 MGI: J:41130
Jiao S; Cole TG; Kitchens RT; Pfleger B; Schonfeld G. 1990. Genetic heterogeneity of plasma lipoproteins in the mouse: control of low density lipoprotein particle sizes by genetic factors. J Lipid Res 31(3):467-77. PubMed: 1971301 MGI: J:15484
Kirk EA; Moe GL; Caldwell MT; Lernmark JA; Wilson DL; LeBoeuf RC. 1995. Hyper- and hypo-responsiveness to dietary fat and cholesterol among inbred mice: searching for level and variability genes. J Lipid Res 36(7):1522-32. PubMed: 7595076 MGI: J:28648
Kutscher CL; Miller DG. 1974. Age-dependent polydipsia in the SWR-J mouse. Physiol Behav 13(1):71-9. PubMed: 4850464 MGI: J:33646
Kutscher CL; Miller M; Schmalbach NL. 1975. Renal deficiency associated with diabetes insipidus in the SWR/J mouse. Physiol Behav 14(6):815-8. PubMed: 1187837 MGI: J:25303
Kutscher CL; Schmalbach NL. 1975. Effects of water deprivation, NaCl injection, and seven aversive taste stimuli on drinking in two normal mouse strains and one with diabetes insipidus. Physiol Behav 15(6):659-67. PubMed: 1226406 MGI: J:25302
Levine S; Sowinski R. 1973. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in inbred and outbred mice. J Immunol 110(1):139-43. PubMed: 4631068 MGI: J:24660
Lindsey JW. 1996. Characteristics of initial and reinduced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunogenetics 44(4):292-7. PubMed: 8753860 MGI: J:35147
Lynch CJ. 1969. The so-called Swiss mouse. Lab Anim Care 19(2):214-20. PubMed: 4240230 MGI: J:24849
Nishina PM; Wang J; Toyofuku W; Kuypers FA; Ishida BY; Paigen B. 1993. Atherosclerosis and plasma and liver lipids in nine inbred strains of mice. Lipids 28(7):599-605. PubMed: 8355588 MGI: J:13267
Ortman RA; Holderbaum D; Qu XM; Banerjee S; Haqqi TM. 1994. BUB/BnJ (H-2q) is a TCR deletion mutant mouse strain (TCR V beta a, KJ16-) that is susceptible to type II collagen-induced arthritis. J Immunol 152(8):4175-82. PubMed: 8144978 MGI: J:17601
Osman GE; Hannibal MC; Anderson JP; Cheunsuk S; Lasky SR; Liggitt HD; Ladiges WC; Hood LE. 1999. T-cell receptor vbeta deletion and valpha polymorphism are responsible for the resistance of SWR mouse to arthritis induction. Immunogenetics 49(9):764-72. PubMed: 10398803 MGI: J:109896
Osman GE; Jacobson DP; Li SW; Hood LE; Liggitt HD; Ladiges WC. 1997. SWR: an inbred strain suitable for generating transgenic mice. Lab Anim Sci 47(2):167-71. PubMed: 9150496 MGI: J:40533
Paigen B. 1995. Genetics of responsiveness to high-fat and high- cholesterol diets in the mouse. Am J Clin Nutr 62(2):458S-462S. PubMed: 7625360 MGI: J:28248
Paigen B; Ishida BY; Verstuyft J; Winters RB; Albee D. 1990. Atherosclerosis susceptibility differences among progenitors of recombinant inbred strains of mice. Arteriosclerosis 10(2):316-23. PubMed: 2317166 MGI: J:22615
Paigen B; Morrow A; Brandon C; Mitchell D; Holmes P. 1985. Variation in susceptibility to atherosclerosis among inbred strains of mice. Atherosclerosis 57(1):65-73. PubMed: 3841001 MGI: J:109950
Serreze DV; Leiter EH. 1988. Defective activation of T suppressor cell function in nonobese diabetic mice. Potential relation to cytokine deficiencies. J Immunol 140(11):3801-7. PubMed: 2897395 MGI: J:27617
Shen FW; Chorney MJ; Boyse EA. 1982. Further polymorphism of the Tla locus defined by monoclonal TL antibodies. Immunogenetics 15(6):573-8. PubMed: 7106865 MGI: J:6828

View All References

Genetics

Ahr^d

Allele Symbol: Ahr^d

Allele Name	d variant
Allele Type	Not Applicable
Allele Synonym(s)	Ah^d; Ah^k; AhRd; Ahhⁿ; ah; in
Gene Symbol and Name	Ahr, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor
Gene Synonym(s)	Ah; Ahh; Ahre; In; aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness; aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase; bHLHe76; dioxin receptor; inflammatory reactivity
Strain of Origin	Not Applicable
Chromosome	12
General Note	Strain of origin - this allele was found in DBA/2J, AKR/J, 129, SWR, RF, NZB strains
Molecular Note	This allele encodes a 104 kDa receptor that is stabilized by molybdate and has an affinity for ligand 10-100 fold lower than that of the receptor produced by the C57BL/6J allele. PCR sequencing of cDNA revealed ten nucleotide differences between the coding sequences of the DBA/2J and C57BL/6J receptors. Five of the ten differences would cause amino acid changes. One of these, an apparent T to C transition replaces the opal termination codon in the C57BL/6J allele with an arginine codon in the DBA/2J allele. This change would extend translation of the DBA/2J mRNA by 43 amino acids, accounting for the larger size of the peptide produced by this allele (104 kDa vs 95 kDa for the C57BL/6J allele). A second T to C transition changes a leucine codon in the C57BL/6J allele to a proline codon in the DBA/2J allele, and would likely change secondary structure of the peptide and thus ligand affinity.

Disc1^del

Allele Symbol: Disc1^del

Allele Name	deletion
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Disc1^129S6; Disc1^delta6
Gene Symbol and Name	Disc1, disrupted in schizophrenia 1
Gene Synonym(s)	C1orf136; SCZD9
Strain of Origin	various
Chromosome	8
General Note	This deletion appears in multiple strains of the 129 superfamily, 101/RI, BTBR T⁺ tf/J, LP/J, FVB/NJ, SJL/J, SWR/J and DDY/JclSidSeyFrkJ (J:111837, J:195189).
Molecular Note	A 25 bp deletion of the locus causes a frame shift in the reading frame, resulting in 13 novel amino acids and a premature stop codon at exon 7.

Hc⁰

Allele Symbol: Hc⁰

Allele Name	deficient
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	C5-; C5-d; C5-def; C5-deficient; Hc^Hfib2; hc^o
Gene Symbol and Name	Hc, hemolytic complement
Gene Synonym(s)	C5; C5; C5D; C5a; C5b; CPAMD4; ECLZB; He; He; Hfib2; Hfib2; hepatic fibrogenesis 2
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	2
General Note	This is an allele characteristic of various inbred mouse strains including the following: A/HeJ, A/J, AKR/J, DBA/2J, NZB/B1NJ, SWR/J, B10.D2/oSnJ Hc was identified as a candidate gene for Abhr2 in a microarray analysis of lung mRNA from A/J, C3H/HeJ, and (A/J x C3H/HeJ)F1 x A/J backcross animals. Hc genotype shows statistically significant correlation to allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsive phenotype. The A/J allele contains a 2 bp deletion resulting in deficient Hc mRNA and protein production and is associated with susceptibility to allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness. (J:108211)
Molecular Note	A 2 base "TA" deletion at positions 62 and 63 of an 83 base pair exon near the 5' end of the gene is found in the following mouse strains: A/HeJ, A/J, AKR/J, DBA/2J, NZB/B1NJ, SWR/J, B10.D2/oSnJ. The consequence of this deletion is the creation of a stop codon starting four bases after the deletion. A truncated product of 216 amino acids is predicted as a result although contradictory reports exist that a larger pro-C5 protein may be synthesized. Nevertheless, macrophages from mouse strains carrying this allele do not secrete complement 5.

Pde6b^rd1

Allele Symbol: Pde6b^rd1

Allele Name	retinal degeneration 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Pdeb^rd1; rd; rd-1; rd1; rodless retina
Gene Symbol and Name	Pde6b, phosphodiesterase 6B, cGMP, rod receptor, beta polypeptide
Gene Synonym(s)	CSNB3; CSNBAD2; GMP-PDEbeta; PDEB; Pdeb; Pdeb; RP40; nmf137; phosphodiesterase, cGMP, rod receptor, beta polypeptide; r; r; rd; rd; rd-1; rd1; rd1; rd10; rd10; retinal degeneration; retinal degeneration 1; retinal degeneration 10
Strain of Origin	various
Chromosome	5
General Note	The following inbred strains are known to be homozygous for Pde6b: C3H sublines, CBA/J, FVB/NJ, PL/J, SB, SJL/J, and SWR/J.
Molecular Note	Two mutations have been identified in rd1 mice. A murine leukimia virus (Xmv-28) insertion in reverse orientation in intron 1 is found in all mouse strains with the rd1 phenotype. Further, a nonsense mutation (C to A transversion) in codon 347 that results in a truncation eliminating more than half of the predicted encoded protein, including the catalytic domain has also been identified in all rd1 strains of mice. A specific degradation of mutant transcript during or after pre-mRNA splicing is suggested.

Disease/Phenotype

Disease Terms

Research Areas By Genotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Cancer Research
- Increased Tumor Incidence
  - Mammary Gland Tumors
  - Other Tissues/Organs
  - Other Tissues/Organs: lung
Cardiovascular Research
- Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis
  - Susceptible
Developmental Biology Research
- Lymphoid Tissue Defects
  - hematopoietic defects
Diabetes and Obesity Research
- Type 1 Diabetes (IDDM) Analysis Strains
  - Related Inbred Strains
Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Autoimmunity
  - experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE)
- Immunodeficiency
  - specific complement deficiency
Research Tools
- General Purpose
- Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
  - specific complement deficiency, C5 complement
Sensorineural Research
- Retinal Degeneration
  - Homozygous for Pde6b^rd1

Genotype: Ahr^d related

Metabolism Research
Research Tools
- Toxicology Research

Genotype: Hc⁰ related

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Immunodeficiency
  - specific complement deficiency
Research Tools
- Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
  - specific complement deficiency, C5 complement

Genotype: Pde6b^rd1 related

Sensorineural Research
- Retinal Degeneration

Phenotype Information

Festing Inbred Strain Characteristics: SWR

References

Deringer MK. 1970. Mammary tumors in strains BL-LyDe and SWR-LyDe mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 45(2):215-8. PubMed: 4324608 MGI: J:69927
Fischer Lindahl K. 1997. On naming H2 haplotypes: functional significance of MHC class Ib alleles. Immunogenetics 46(1):53-62. PubMed: 9148789 MGI: J:41130
Jiao S; Cole TG; Kitchens RT; Pfleger B; Schonfeld G. 1990. Genetic heterogeneity of plasma lipoproteins in the mouse: control of low density lipoprotein particle sizes by genetic factors. J Lipid Res 31(3):467-77. PubMed: 1971301 MGI: J:15484
Kirk EA; Moe GL; Caldwell MT; Lernmark JA; Wilson DL; LeBoeuf RC. 1995. Hyper- and hypo-responsiveness to dietary fat and cholesterol among inbred mice: searching for level and variability genes. J Lipid Res 36(7):1522-32. PubMed: 7595076 MGI: J:28648
Kutscher CL; Miller DG. 1974. Age-dependent polydipsia in the SWR-J mouse. Physiol Behav 13(1):71-9. PubMed: 4850464 MGI: J:33646
Kutscher CL; Miller M; Schmalbach NL. 1975. Renal deficiency associated with diabetes insipidus in the SWR/J mouse. Physiol Behav 14(6):815-8. PubMed: 1187837 MGI: J:25303
Kutscher CL; Schmalbach NL. 1975. Effects of water deprivation, NaCl injection, and seven aversive taste stimuli on drinking in two normal mouse strains and one with diabetes insipidus. Physiol Behav 15(6):659-67. PubMed: 1226406 MGI: J:25302
Levine S; Sowinski R. 1973. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in inbred and outbred mice. J Immunol 110(1):139-43. PubMed: 4631068 MGI: J:24660
Lindsey JW. 1996. Characteristics of initial and reinduced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunogenetics 44(4):292-7. PubMed: 8753860 MGI: J:35147
Lynch CJ. 1969. The so-called Swiss mouse. Lab Anim Care 19(2):214-20. PubMed: 4240230 MGI: J:24849
Nishina PM; Wang J; Toyofuku W; Kuypers FA; Ishida BY; Paigen B. 1993. Atherosclerosis and plasma and liver lipids in nine inbred strains of mice. Lipids 28(7):599-605. PubMed: 8355588 MGI: J:13267
Ortman RA; Holderbaum D; Qu XM; Banerjee S; Haqqi TM. 1994. BUB/BnJ (H-2q) is a TCR deletion mutant mouse strain (TCR V beta a, KJ16-) that is susceptible to type II collagen-induced arthritis. J Immunol 152(8):4175-82. PubMed: 8144978 MGI: J:17601
Osman GE; Hannibal MC; Anderson JP; Cheunsuk S; Lasky SR; Liggitt HD; Ladiges WC; Hood LE. 1999. T-cell receptor vbeta deletion and valpha polymorphism are responsible for the resistance of SWR mouse to arthritis induction. Immunogenetics 49(9):764-72. PubMed: 10398803 MGI: J:109896
Osman GE; Jacobson DP; Li SW; Hood LE; Liggitt HD; Ladiges WC. 1997. SWR: an inbred strain suitable for generating transgenic mice. Lab Anim Sci 47(2):167-71. PubMed: 9150496 MGI: J:40533
Paigen B. 1995. Genetics of responsiveness to high-fat and high- cholesterol diets in the mouse. Am J Clin Nutr 62(2):458S-462S. PubMed: 7625360 MGI: J:28248
Paigen B; Ishida BY; Verstuyft J; Winters RB; Albee D. 1990. Atherosclerosis susceptibility differences among progenitors of recombinant inbred strains of mice. Arteriosclerosis 10(2):316-23. PubMed: 2317166 MGI: J:22615
Paigen B; Morrow A; Brandon C; Mitchell D; Holmes P. 1985. Variation in susceptibility to atherosclerosis among inbred strains of mice. Atherosclerosis 57(1):65-73. PubMed: 3841001 MGI: J:109950
Serreze DV; Leiter EH. 1988. Defective activation of T suppressor cell function in nonobese diabetic mice. Potential relation to cytokine deficiencies. J Immunol 140(11):3801-7. PubMed: 2897395 MGI: J:27617
Shen FW; Chorney MJ; Boyse EA. 1982. Further polymorphism of the Tla locus defined by monoclonal TL antibodies. Immunogenetics 15(6):573-8. PubMed: 7106865 MGI: J:6828

Additional References

Beamer WG; Hoppe PC; Whitten WK. 1985. Spontaneous malignant granulosa cell tumors in ovaries of young SWR mice. Cancer Res 45(11 Pt 2):5575-81. PubMed: 4053032 MGI: J:34553
DiPetrillo K; Tsaih SW; Sheehan S; Johns C; Kelmenson P; Gavras H; Churchill GA; Paigen B. 2004. Genetic analysis of blood pressure in C3H/HeJ and SWR/J mice. Physiol Genomics 17(2):215-20. PubMed: 14996992 MGI: J:89267
Eberhart GP; West DB; Boozer CN; Atkinson RL. 1994. Insulin sensitivity of adipocytes from inbred mouse strains resistant or sensitive to diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol 266(5 Pt 2):R1423-8. PubMed: 8203615 MGI: J:18464
Hui ST; Parks BW; Org E; Norheim F; Che N; Pan C; Castellani LW; Charugundla S; Dirks DL; Psychogios N; Neuhaus I; Gerszten RE; Kirchgessner T; Gargalovic PS; Lusis AJ. 2015. The genetic architecture of NAFLD among inbred strains of mice. Elife 4:e05607. PubMed: 26067236 MGI: J:223755
International Nomenclature Committee. 1952. COMMITTEE on Standardized Nomenclature for Inbred Strains of Mice Cancer Res 12(8):602-13. PubMed: 14945054 MGI: J:166288
Janke MR; Baty JD; Graubert TA. 2013. SWR/J mice are susceptible to alkylator-induced myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J 3:e161. PubMed: 24241401 MGI: J:250060
Moy SS; Nadler JJ; Young NB; Nonneman RJ; Segall SK; Andrade GM; Crawley JN; Magnuson TR. 2008. Social approach and repetitive behavior in eleven inbred mouse strains. Behav Brain Res 191(1):118-29. PubMed: 18440079 MGI: J:138681
Nilsson UR; Muller-Eberhard HJ. 1967. Deficiency of the fifth component of complement in mice with an inherited complement defect. J Exp Med 125(1):1-16. PubMed: 4959665 MGI: J:5016
Ooi YM; Colten HR. 1979. Genetic defect in secretion of complement C5 in mice. Nature 282(5735):207-8. PubMed: 492335 MGI: J:6214
Petkov PM; Cassell MA; Sargent EE; Donnelly CJ; Robinson P; Crew V; Asquith S; Haar RV; Wiles MV. 2004. Development of a SNP genotyping panel for genetic monitoring of the laboratory mouse. Genomics 83(5):902-11. PubMed: 15081119 MGI: J:89298
Poland A; Glover E. 1990. Characterization and strain distribution pattern of the murine Ah receptor specified by the Ahd and Ahb-3 alleles. Mol Pharmacol 38(3):306-12. PubMed: 2169579 MGI: J:34840
Smith BK; Andrews PK; West DB. 2000. Macronutrient diet selection in thirteen mouse strains. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 278(4):R797-805. PubMed: 10749765 MGI: J:61602
Smith BK; West DB; York DA. 1997. Carbohydrate versus fat intake: differing patterns of macronutrient selection in two inbred mouse strains. Am J Physiol 272(1 Pt 2):R357-62. PubMed: 9039029 MGI: J:39025
West DB; Boozer CN; Moody DL; Atkinson RL. 1992. Dietary obesity in nine inbred mouse strains. Am J Physiol 262(6 Pt 2):R1025-32. PubMed: 1621856 MGI: J:1348
West DB; Goudey-Lefevre J; York B; Truett GE. 1994. Dietary obesity linked to genetic loci on chromosomes 9 and 15 in a polygenic mouse model. J Clin Invest 94(4):1410-6. PubMed: 7929816 MGI: J:20700
West DB; Waguespack J; McCollister S. 1995. Dietary obesity in the mouse: interaction of strain with diet composition. Am J Physiol 268(3 Pt 2):R658-65. PubMed: 7900908 MGI: J:24480
West DB; Waguespack J; York B; Goudey-Lefevre J; Price RA. 1994. Genetics of dietary obesity in AKR/J x SWR/J mice: segregation of the trait and identification of a linked locus on chromosome 4. Mamm Genome 5(9):546-52. PubMed: 8000138 MGI: J:20129
Wetsel RA; Fleischer DT; Haviland DL. 1990. Deficiency of the murine fifth complement component (C5). A 2-base pair gene deletion in a 5'-exon. J Biol Chem 265(5):2435-40. PubMed: 2303408 MGI: J:23983
Wheat WH; Wetsel R; Falus A; Tack BF; Strunk RC. 1987. The fifth component of complement (C5) in the mouse. Analysis of the molecular basis for deficiency. J Exp Med 165(5):1442-7. PubMed: 3572304 MGI: J:8690
Xie C; Sharma R; Wang H; Zhou XJ; Mohan C. 2004. Strain distribution pattern of susceptibility to immune-mediated nephritis. J Immunol 172(8):5047-55. PubMed: 15067087 MGI: J:122988

Additional - Ahr^d related

Benedict WF; Considine N; Nebert DW. 1973. Genetic differences in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction and benzo(a)pyrene-produced tumorigenesis in the mouse. Mol Pharmacol 9(2):266-77. PubMed: 4123113 MGI: J:84312
Boobis AR; Nebert DW. 1976. Genetic differences in the metabolism of carcinogens and in the binding of benzo (a) pyrene metabolites to DNA. Adv Enzyme Regul 15:339-62. PubMed: 1030186 MGI: J:12156
Castro DJ; Lohr CV; Fischer KA; Pereira CB; Williams DE. 2008. Lymphoma and lung cancer in offspring born to pregnant mice dosed with dibenzo[a,l]pyrene: the importance of in utero vs. lactational exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 233(3):454-8. PubMed: 18848954 MGI: J:143604
Chang C; Smith DR; Prasad VS; Sidman CL; Nebert DW; Puga A. 1993. Ten nucleotide differences, five of which cause amino acid changes, are associated with the Ah receptor locus polymorphism of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. Pharmacogenetics 3(6):312-21. PubMed: 8148872 MGI: J:17460
Curran CP; Altenhofen E; Ashworth A; Brown A; Kamau-Cheggeh C; Curran M; Evans A; Floyd R; Fowler J; Garber H; Hays B; Kraemer S; Lang A; Mynhier A; Samuels A; Strohmaier C. 2012. Ahrd Cyp1a2(-/-) mice show increased susceptibility to PCB-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 33(6):1436-42. PubMed: 22935098 MGI: J:225088
Curran CP; Miller KA; Dalton TP; Vorhees CV; Miller ML; Shertzer HG; Nebert DW. 2006. Genetic differences in lethality of newborn mice treated in utero with coplanar versus non-coplanar hexabromobiphenyl. Toxicol Sci 89(2):454-64. PubMed: 16291824 MGI: J:113285
Curran CP; Nebert DW; Genter MB; Patel KV; Schaefer TL; Skelton MR; Williams MT; Vorhees CV. 2011. In utero and lactational exposure to PCBs in mice: adult offspring show altered learning and memory depending on Cyp1a2 and Ahr genotypes. Environ Health Perspect 119(9):1286-93. PubMed: 21571617 MGI: J:260665
Curran CP; Vorhees CV; Williams MT; Genter MB; Miller ML; Nebert DW. 2011. In utero and lactational exposure to a complex mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls: toxicity in pups dependent on the Cyp1a2 and Ahr genotypes. Toxicol Sci 119(1):189-208. PubMed: 20961953 MGI: J:260693
Felton JS; Nebert DW. 1975. Mutagenesis of certain activated carcinogens in vitro associated with genetically mediated increases in monooxygenase activity and cytochrome P 1-450. J Biol Chem 250(17):6769-78. PubMed: 808546 MGI: J:5564
Gielen JE; Goujon FM; Nebert DW. 1972. Genetic regulation of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. II. Simple Mendelian expression in mouse tissues in vivo. J Biol Chem 247(4):1125-37. PubMed: 4110756 MGI: J:84250
Goujon FM; Nebert DW; Gielen JE. 1972. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. IV. Interaction of various compounds with different forms of cytochrome P-450 and the effect on benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in vitro. Mol Pharmacol 8(6):667-80. PubMed: 4118365 MGI: J:84252
Harper PA; Golas CL; Okey AB. 1991. Ah receptor in mice genetically nonresponsive for cytochrome P4501A1 induction: cytosolic Ah receptor, transformation to the nuclear binding state, and induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase by halogenated and nonhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons in embryonic tissues and cells. Mol Pharmacol 40(5):818-26. PubMed: 1658612 MGI: J:2134
Kennedy GD; Nukaya M; Moran SM; Glover E; Weinberg S; Balbo S; Hecht SS; Pitot HC; Drinkwater NR; Bradfield CA. 2014. Liver tumor promotion by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is dependent on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and TNF/IL-1 receptors. Toxicol Sci 140(1):135-43. PubMed: 24718703 MGI: J:215349
Kerley-Hamilton JS; Trask HW; Ridley CJ; Dufour E; Lesseur C; Ringelberg CS; Moodie KL; Shipman SL; Korc M; Gui J; Shworak NW; Tomlinson CR. 2012. Inherent and benzo[a]pyrene-induced differential aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling greatly affects life span, atherosclerosis, cardiac gene expression, and body and heart growth in mice. Toxicol Sci 126(2):391-404. PubMed: 22228805 MGI: J:183715
Klinefelter K; Hooven MK; Bates C; Colter BT; Dailey A; Infante SK; Kania-Korwel I; Lehmler HJ; Lopez-Juarez A; Ludwig CP; Curran CP. 2018. Genetic differences in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and CYP1A2 affect sensitivity to developmental polychlorinated biphenyl exposure in mice: relevance to studies of human neurological disorders. Mamm Genome 29(1-2):112-127. PubMed: 29197979 MGI: J:259801
Kouri RE; Rude TH; Joglekar R; Dansette PM; Jerina DM; Atlas SA; Owens IS; Nebert DW. 1978. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin as cocarcinogen causing 3-methylcholanthrene-initiated subcutaneous tumors in mice genetically 'nonresponsive' at Ah locus. Cancer Res 38(9):2777-83. PubMed: 679184 MGI: J:84318
Levova K; Moserova M; Nebert DW; Phillips DH; Frei E; Schmeiser HH; Arlt VM; Stiborova M. 2012. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase expression in Cyp1a-knockout and CYP1A-humanized mouse lines and its effect on bioactivation of the carcinogen aristolochic acid I. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 265(3):360-7. PubMed: 22982977 MGI: J:192865
Lew BJ; Manickam R; Lawrence BP. 2011. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor during pregnancy in the mouse alters mammary development through direct effects on stromal and epithelial tissues. Biol Reprod 84(6):1094-102. PubMed: 21270426 MGI: J:173706
Moriguchi T; Motohashi H; Hosoya T; Nakajima O; Takahashi S; Ohsako S; Aoki Y; Nishimura N; Tohyama C; Fujii-Kuriyama Y; Yamamoto M. 2003. Distinct response to dioxin in an arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-humanized mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(10):5652-7. PubMed: 12730383 MGI: J:132380
Nebert DW; Atlas SA; Guenthner TM; Kouri RE. 1978. The Ah locus: genetic regulation of the enzymes which metabolize polycyclic hydrocarbons and the risk of cancer. In: Polycyclic Hydrocarbons and Cancer: Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Environment. Academic Press, New York. MGI: J:30693
Nebert DW; Considine N; Owens IS. 1973. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. VI. Control of other aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible mono-oxygenase activities at or near the same genetic locus. Arch Biochem Biophys 157(1):148-59. PubMed: 4716952 MGI: J:84313
Nebert DW; Gelboin HV. 1969. The in vivo and in vitro induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in mammalian cells of different species, tissues, strains, and developmental and hormonal states. Arch Biochem Biophys 134(1):76-89. PubMed: 4981257 MGI: J:84248
Nebert DW; Gielen JE. 1972. Genetic regulation of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in the mouse. Fed Proc 31(4):1315-25. PubMed: 4114109 MGI: J:5282
Nebert DW; Gielen JE; Goujon FM. 1972. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. 3. Changes in the binding of n-octylamine to cytochrome P-450. Mol Pharmacol 8(6):651-66. PubMed: 4118364 MGI: J:84251
Nebert DW; Goujon FM; Gielen JE. 1972. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction by polycyclic hydrocarbons: simple autosomal dominant trait in the mouse. Nat New Biol 236(65):107-10. PubMed: 4502804 MGI: J:84249
Nebert DW; Jensen NM. 1979. Benzo[a]pyrene-initiated leukemia in mice. Association with allelic differences at the Ah locus. Biochem Pharmacol 28(1):149-51. PubMed: 758905 MGI: J:6074
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Additional - Disc1^del related

Clapcote SJ; Roder JC. 2007. Inbred mouse strains 101/RI, BTBR T tf/J and LP/J have a deletion in Disc1 MGI Direct Data Submission :. MGI: J:118317
Clapcote SJ; Roder JC. 2006. Deletion polymorphism of disc1 is common to all 129 mouse substrains: implications for gene-targeting studies of brain function. Genetics 173(4):2407-10. PubMed: 16751659 MGI: J:111837
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Additional - Hc⁰ related

Actor JK; Breij E; Wetsel RA; Hoffmann H; Hunter RL Jr; Jagannath C. 2001. A role for complement C5 in organism containment and granulomatous response during murine tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol 53(5):464-74. PubMed: 11309154 MGI: J:103981
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Also Known As: SW, swiss

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Ahrd

Allele Symbol: Ahrd

Disc1del

Allele Symbol: Disc1del

Hc0

Allele Symbol: Hc0

Pde6brd1

Allele Symbol: Pde6brd1

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This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Genotype: Ahrd related

Genotype: Hc0 related

Genotype: Pde6brd1 related

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