JAX Mouse Strain Datasheet - 000668

C57L/J

Stock No:: 000668 |; Leaden

Inbred Strain

Available Now

Overview

Also Known As: Leaden, C57 Leaden, L

C57L/J mice are used widely in research as a general purpose strain. Mice have a high incidence of Hodgkin's-like reticulum cell neoplasm at 18 months of age and pituitary tumors in old multiparous females. C57L/J mice are highly susceptible to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and highly responsive to phytohemagglutinin. In addition, C57L/J mice are highly susceptible to developing atherosclerotic aortic lesions following 14 weeks on an atherogenic diet. On a lithogenic diet, C57L/J mice develop gallstones as a result of abnormal regulation of cholesterol synthesis.

Genetic overview

Genetic Background	Generation
	F254 (05-AUG-14)

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Research Applications

Cancer Research
Cardiovascular Research
Dermatology Research
Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
Neurobiology Research
Research Tools
Sensorineural Research
Metabolism Research

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Base Price

Starting at:

$110.64 Domestic price for female 3-week

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Details

Important Note

This strain is homozygous for Cdh23^ahl, the age related hearing loss 1 mutation, which on this background results in progressive hearing loss with onset prior to three months of age.

Detailed Description

C57L/J mice are used widely in research as a general purpose strain. Mice have a high incidence of Hodgkin's-like reticulum cell neoplasm at 18 months of age and pituitary tumors in old multiparous females. C57L/J mice are highly susceptible to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and highly responsive to phytohemagglutinin. In addition, C57L/J mice are highly susceptible to developing atherosclerotic aortic lesions (4500 to 8000 um² atherosclerotic aortic lesions/aortic cross-section) following 14 weeks on an atherogenic diet (1.25% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid and 15% fat) (Paigen et al. 1990). On a lithogenic diet, C57L/J mice develop gallstones as a result of abnormal regulation of cholesterol synthesis (Xua et al. 2004). C57L/J mice carry no detectable endogenous ecotropic MuLV DNA sequences.

Development

C57L/J mice were inbred following a mutation in a now extinct substrain of C57BR at F22. Inbreeding was carried out by J Murray at The Jackson Laboratory beginning in 1933. They were transferred to the production facility in 1947 at F45. The current generation of inbreeding is F203+.

Selected References

Heiniger HJ; Taylor BA; Hards EJ; Meier H. 1975. Heritability of the phytohemagglutinin responsiveness of lymphocytes and its relationship to leukemogenesis. Cancer Res 35(3):825-31. PubMed: 163691 MGI: J:22608
Jiao S; Cole TG; Kitchens RT; Pfleger B; Schonfeld G. 1990. Genetic heterogeneity of plasma lipoproteins in the mouse: control of low density lipoprotein particle sizes by genetic factors. J Lipid Res 31(3):467-77. PubMed: 1971301 MGI: J:15484
Nishina PM; Wang J; Toyofuku W; Kuypers FA; Ishida BY; Paigen B. 1993. Atherosclerosis and plasma and liver lipids in nine inbred strains of mice. Lipids 28(7):599-605. PubMed: 8355588 MGI: J:13267
Paigen B. 1995. Genetics of responsiveness to high-fat and high- cholesterol diets in the mouse. Am J Clin Nutr 62(2):458S-462S. PubMed: 7625360 MGI: J:28248
Paigen B; Ishida BY; Verstuyft J; Winters RB; Albee D. 1990. Atherosclerosis susceptibility differences among progenitors of recombinant inbred strains of mice. Arteriosclerosis 10(2):316-23. PubMed: 2317166 MGI: J:22615
Paigen B; Morrow A; Brandon C; Mitchell D; Holmes P. 1985. Variation in susceptibility to atherosclerosis among inbred strains of mice. Atherosclerosis 57(1):65-73. PubMed: 3841001 MGI: J:109950
Petkov PM; Cassell MA; Sargent EE; Donnelly CJ; Robinson P; Crew V; Asquith S; Haar RV; Wiles MV. 2004. Development of a SNP genotyping panel for genetic monitoring of the laboratory mouse. Genomics 83(5):902-11. PubMed: 15081119 MGI: J:89298
Shen FW; Chorney MJ; Boyse EA. 1982. Further polymorphism of the Tla locus defined by monoclonal TL antibodies. Immunogenetics 15(6):573-8. PubMed: 7106865 MGI: J:6828

View All References

Genetics

Ahr^b-1

Allele Symbol: Ahr^b-1

Allele Name	b-1 variant
Allele Type	Not Applicable (Not Applicable)
Allele Synonym(s)	Ah; Ah^b-1; Ah^b; Ahhⁱ; Ahr^b; In
Gene Symbol and Name	Ahr, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor
Gene Synonym(s)	Ah; Ahh; Ahre; In; aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness; aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase; bHLHe76; dioxin receptor; inflammatory reactivity
Strain of Origin	C57BL/6J
Chromosome	12
General Note	C57BL/6 carries the responsive Ahr^b allele; DBA/2 carries nonresponsive Ahr^d. Heterozygotes (Ahr^b/Ahr^d) are responsive (J:5282). Later work identified a second (J:8895) and later a third (J:22144) allele conferring response. Thus the allele in C57, C58, and MA/My strains is now Ahr^b-1; Ahr^b-2 is carried by BALB/cBy, A, and C3H; and Ahr^b-3 by Mus spretus, M. caroli, and MOLF/Ei. The nonresponsive strains AKR, DBA/2, and 129 carry Ahrd (J:22144). Nucleotide and amino acid sequence differences between Ahr^b-1 and Ahr^d have been determined (J:17460). Strain of origin - this allele was found in C57BL/6, C58/J, C57BR, MA/My strains
Molecular Note	This allele encodes a high affinity, relatively heat stabile, 95 kDa receptor. PCR sequencing of cDNA revealed ten nucleotide differences between the coding sequences of the DBA/2J and C57BL/6J receptors. Five of the ten differences would cause amino acid changes. One of these, a C to T transition in exon 11 would change the arginine codon in the DBA/2J allele to an opal termination codon in the C57BL/6J allele. This change would prevent the 43 amino acid extension of mRNA translation predicted for the DBA/2J allele and account for the smaller size of the peptide produced by this allele (95 kDa vs 104 kDa for the DBA/2J allele). A second C to T transition changes a proline codon in the DBA/2J allele to leucine codon in the C57BL/6J allele, and would likely change secondary structure of the peptide and thus ligand affinity.

Cdh23^ahl

Allele Symbol: Cdh23^ahl

Allele Name	age related hearing loss 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Cdh23^753A; mdfw
Gene Symbol and Name	Cdh23, cadherin 23 (otocadherin)
Gene Synonym(s)	4930542A03Rik; 4930542A03Rik; CDHR23; RIKEN cDNA 4930542A03 gene; USH1D; W; age related hearing loss 1; ahl; ahl; bob; bob; bobby; bus; bustling; mdfw; mdfw; modifier of deaf waddler; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 112; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 181; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 252; nmf112; nmf112; nmf181; nmf181; nmf252; nmf252; sals; sals; salsa; v; waltzer
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	10
Molecular Note	Genetic complementation tests have shown allelism between the mdfw (modifier of deaf waddler) locus and the ahl locus. Further analysis has identified an association between ahl and a G to A transition at nucleotide position 753 of Cdh23. This hypomorphic allele causes in frame skipping of exon 7 and reduced message stability. Twenty-seven strains classified with ahl and carrying the 753A allele include: CD1, RBF/DnJ, PL/J, AKR/J, RF/J, BALB/cBy, A/WySnJ, P/J, SENCARA/PtJ, DBA/1J, ALS/LtJ, C58/J, C57BLKS/J, 129P1/ReJ, C57BR/cd, SKH2/J, BUB/Bn, MA/MyJ, LP/J, 129X1/SvJ, NOR/LtJ, A/J, C57BL/6, NOD/LtJ, DBA/2J, ALR/LtJ, C57L/J. Strains classified with ahl that DO NOT carry this mutation include: C3H/HeSnJ, I/LnJ, YBR/Ei, MRL/MpJ.

Mlph^ln

Allele Symbol: Mlph^ln

Allele Name	leaden
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	ln
Gene Symbol and Name	Mlph, melanophilin
Gene Synonym(s)	2210418F23Rik; 5031433I09Rik; AW228792; D1Wsu84e; D1Wsu84e; DNA segment, Chr 1, Wayne State University 84, expressed; SLAC2-A; Slac-2a; expressed sequence AW228792; l(1)-3Rk; l(1)-3Rk; l1Rk3; l1Rk3; leaden; lethal, Chr 1, Roderick 3; ln
Strain of Origin	C57BR
Chromosome	1
Molecular Note	This allele has a C to T transition at mRNA nucleotide position 266. This introduces a stop codon in the sequence of the normally spliced transcript and it also creates a new splice donor site in exon 2. Use of this alternative splice site yields a transcript with an in-frame 21 base pair deletion that deletes 7 amino acids from the translated protein. Northern blots failed to detect this size difference and did not find any change from normal in transcript expression level.

Obq3^C57L/J

Allele Symbol: Obq3^C57L/J

Allele Name	C57L/J
Allele Type	QTL
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Obq3, obesity QTL 3
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	C57L/J
Chromosome	2
General Note	Obq3 exhibits additive inheritance.

Obq4^C57L/J

Allele Symbol: Obq4^C57L/J

Allele Name	C57L/J
Allele Type	QTL
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Obq4, obesity QTL 4
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	C57L/J
Chromosome	17
General Note	Obq4 may also be consistent with an additive mode of inheritance.
Molecular Note	This allele confers increased adiposity in male animals compared to AKR/J, and accounts for 11.7% of the phenotypic variance in male inguinal fat pad weight (percentage).

Rmcf^s

Allele Symbol: Rmcf^s

Allele Name	MCF sensitive
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Rmcf, resistance to MCF virus
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	5
General Note	This locus controls resistance and susceptibility of cells in tissue culture to infection by mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia viruses. The allele Rmcf^r determines resistance and occurs in strains DBA/1, DBA/2, and CBA/Ca; the allele Rmcf^s determines susceptibility and occurs in strains AKR/J, C57BL/6, BALB/c, CBA/J, NFS, NZB, 129/J, and many others. Heterozygotes are as resistant as the resistant parent or nearly so. Rmcf is different from and independent of Fv1, a locus that controls susceptibility to infection by ecotropic viruses. Rmcf is located on Chr 5 close to Hm near the centromeric end (J:7108). Rmcf^r protects (AKR x CBA/Ca)F1 and (AKR x DBA/2)F1 hybrids from development of spontaneous thymic lymphomas and reduces the incidence of MCF-induced thymic lymphomas (J:7175). It also reduces susceptibility of cells of Sxv^s/Sxv^r mice to exogenous xenotropic viruses (J:7951). In addition, in strains susceptible to Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia, a condition thought to be due to the replication of MCF virus, Rmcf^r increases resistance to the virus-induced erythroleukemia. It may cause resistance by coding for or regulating the production of an MCF-related envelope glycoprotein that blocks the receptor for MCF viruses (J:8074). This conclusion is reinforced by the findings of Buller et al. (J:8497), who showed that the Rmcf^r allele contains an endogenous MCF gp70 env gene and that the Rmcf^s allele, at least in some strains (C57BL/6, CBA/J, and A/WySn), contains a xenotropic gp70 env gene. Presumably the MCF gp70 inhibits exogenous MCF infection in vitro by a mechanism of viral interference.
Molecular Note	This locus controls resistance of cells to infection by mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia viruses. The recessive s (susceptible) allele is found in AKR/J, C57BL/6, BALB/c, CBA/J, NFS, NZB and 129/J.

Disease/Phenotype

Disease Terms

Potential model based on gene homology relationships. Phenotypic similarity to the human disease has not been tested.

Research Areas By Genotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Cancer Research
- Increased Tumor Incidence
  - Leukemia
  - Other Tissues/Organs
  - Other Tissues/Organs: pituitary, reticulum cell neoplasm, type B
Cardiovascular Research
- Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis
  - Susceptible
Dermatology Research
- Color and White Spotting Defects
Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Autoimmunity
  - experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE)
Neurobiology Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss
Research Tools
- General Purpose
Sensorineural Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss

Genotype: Ahr^b-1 related

Metabolism Research
Research Tools
- Toxicology Research

Genotype: Cdh23^ahl related

Neurobiology Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss
Sensorineural Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss

Genotype: Mlph^ln related

Dermatology Research
- Color and White Spotting Defects

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

Genotype: Rmcf^s/Rmcf^s
C57L/J

immune system phenotype

increased susceptibility to viral infection
- susceptible to infection with N- and NB-tropic mink cell focus-forming (MCF) viruses

Genotype: a/a Mlph^ln/Mlph^ln Tyrp1^b/Tyrp1^b
C57L/J

pigmentation phenotype

abnormal coat/hair pigmentation

abnormal melanocyte morphology
- results in clumping rather than even distribution of pigment during hair development

diluted coat color
- due to clumping of pigment

integument phenotype

abnormal coat/hair pigmentation

diluted coat color
- due to clumping of pigment

Phenotype Information

Festing Inbred Strain Characteristics: C57L

References

Heiniger HJ; Taylor BA; Hards EJ; Meier H. 1975. Heritability of the phytohemagglutinin responsiveness of lymphocytes and its relationship to leukemogenesis. Cancer Res 35(3):825-31. PubMed: 163691 MGI: J:22608
Jiao S; Cole TG; Kitchens RT; Pfleger B; Schonfeld G. 1990. Genetic heterogeneity of plasma lipoproteins in the mouse: control of low density lipoprotein particle sizes by genetic factors. J Lipid Res 31(3):467-77. PubMed: 1971301 MGI: J:15484
Nishina PM; Wang J; Toyofuku W; Kuypers FA; Ishida BY; Paigen B. 1993. Atherosclerosis and plasma and liver lipids in nine inbred strains of mice. Lipids 28(7):599-605. PubMed: 8355588 MGI: J:13267
Paigen B. 1995. Genetics of responsiveness to high-fat and high- cholesterol diets in the mouse. Am J Clin Nutr 62(2):458S-462S. PubMed: 7625360 MGI: J:28248
Paigen B; Ishida BY; Verstuyft J; Winters RB; Albee D. 1990. Atherosclerosis susceptibility differences among progenitors of recombinant inbred strains of mice. Arteriosclerosis 10(2):316-23. PubMed: 2317166 MGI: J:22615
Paigen B; Morrow A; Brandon C; Mitchell D; Holmes P. 1985. Variation in susceptibility to atherosclerosis among inbred strains of mice. Atherosclerosis 57(1):65-73. PubMed: 3841001 MGI: J:109950
Petkov PM; Cassell MA; Sargent EE; Donnelly CJ; Robinson P; Crew V; Asquith S; Haar RV; Wiles MV. 2004. Development of a SNP genotyping panel for genetic monitoring of the laboratory mouse. Genomics 83(5):902-11. PubMed: 15081119 MGI: J:89298
Shen FW; Chorney MJ; Boyse EA. 1982. Further polymorphism of the Tla locus defined by monoclonal TL antibodies. Immunogenetics 15(6):573-8. PubMed: 7106865 MGI: J:6828

Additional References

Dunn TB; Deringer MK. 1968. Reticulum cell neoplasm, type B, or the Hodgkin's-like lesion of the mouse. J Natl Cancer Inst 40(4):771-821. PubMed: 4869134 MGI: J:2417
International Nomenclature Committee. 1952. COMMITTEE on Standardized Nomenclature for Inbred Strains of Mice Cancer Res 12(8):602-13. PubMed: 14945054 MGI: J:166288
Jenkins NA; Copeland NG; Taylor BA; Lee BK. 1982. Organization, distribution, and stability of endogenous ecotropic murine leukemia virus DNA sequences in chromosomes of Mus musculus. J Virol 43(1):26-36. PubMed: 6287001 MGI: J:6844
Levine S; Sowinski R. 1973. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in inbred and outbred mice. J Immunol 110(1):139-43. PubMed: 4631068 MGI: J:24660
Lindsey JW. 1996. Characteristics of initial and reinduced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunogenetics 44(4):292-7. PubMed: 8753860 MGI: J:35147
Moy SS; Nadler JJ; Young NB; Perez A; Holloway LP; Barbaro RP; Barbaro JR; Wilson LM; Threadgill DW; Lauder JM; Magnuson TR; Crawley JN. 2007. Mouse behavioral tasks relevant to autism: phenotypes of 10 inbred strains. Behav Brain Res 176(1):4-20. PubMed: 16971002 MGI: J:138682
Poland A; Glover E. 1990. Characterization and strain distribution pattern of the murine Ah receptor specified by the Ahd and Ahb-3 alleles. Mol Pharmacol 38(3):306-12. PubMed: 2169579 MGI: J:34840
Taylor BA; Phillips SJ. 1997. Obesity QTLs on mouse chromosomes 2 and 17. Genomics 43(3):249-57. PubMed: 9268627 MGI: J:39947
West DB; Boozer CN; Moody DL; Atkinson RL. 1992. Dietary obesity in nine inbred mouse strains. Am J Physiol 262(6 Pt 2):R1025-32. PubMed: 1621856 MGI: J:1348

Additional - Ahr^b-1 related

Benedict WF; Considine N; Nebert DW. 1973. Genetic differences in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction and benzo(a)pyrene-produced tumorigenesis in the mouse. Mol Pharmacol 9(2):266-77. PubMed: 4123113 MGI: J:84312
Boobis AR; Nebert DW. 1976. Genetic differences in the metabolism of carcinogens and in the binding of benzo (a) pyrene metabolites to DNA. Adv Enzyme Regul 15:339-62. PubMed: 1030186 MGI: J:12156
Bradfield CA; Glover E; Poland A. 1991. Purification and N-terminal amino acid sequence of the Ah receptor from the C57BL/6J mouse. Mol Pharmacol 39(1):13-9. PubMed: 1846217 MGI: J:84440
Burbach KM; Poland A; Bradfield CA. 1992. Cloning of the Ah-receptor cDNA reveals a distinctive ligand-activated transcription factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89(17):8185-9. PubMed: 1325649 MGI: J:2256
Castro DJ; Lohr CV; Fischer KA; Pereira CB; Williams DE. 2008. Lymphoma and lung cancer in offspring born to pregnant mice dosed with dibenzo[a,l]pyrene: the importance of in utero vs. lactational exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 233(3):454-8. PubMed: 18848954 MGI: J:143604
Chang C; Smith DR; Prasad VS; Sidman CL; Nebert DW; Puga A. 1993. Ten nucleotide differences, five of which cause amino acid changes, are associated with the Ah receptor locus polymorphism of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. Pharmacogenetics 3(6):312-21. PubMed: 8148872 MGI: J:17460
Curran CP; Miller KA; Dalton TP; Vorhees CV; Miller ML; Shertzer HG; Nebert DW. 2006. Genetic differences in lethality of newborn mice treated in utero with coplanar versus non-coplanar hexabromobiphenyl. Toxicol Sci 89(2):454-64. PubMed: 16291824 MGI: J:113285
Ema M; Sogawa K; Watanabe N; Chujoh Y; Matsushita N; Gotoh O; Funae Y; Fujii-Kuriyama Y. 1992. cDNA cloning and structure of mouse putative Ah receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 184(1):246-53. PubMed: 1314586 MGI: J:477
Gielen JE; Goujon FM; Nebert DW. 1972. Genetic regulation of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. II. Simple Mendelian expression in mouse tissues in vivo. J Biol Chem 247(4):1125-37. PubMed: 4110756 MGI: J:84250
Goujon FM; Nebert DW; Gielen JE. 1972. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. IV. Interaction of various compounds with different forms of cytochrome P-450 and the effect on benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in vitro. Mol Pharmacol 8(6):667-80. PubMed: 4118365 MGI: J:84252
Hansen DA; Esakky P; Drury A; Lamb L; Moley KH. 2014. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is important for proper seminiferous tubule architecture and sperm development in mice. Biol Reprod 90(1):8. PubMed: 24174576 MGI: J:210360
Harper PA; Golas CL; Okey AB. 1991. Ah receptor in mice genetically nonresponsive for cytochrome P4501A1 induction: cytosolic Ah receptor, transformation to the nuclear binding state, and induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase by halogenated and nonhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons in embryonic tissues and cells. Mol Pharmacol 40(5):818-26. PubMed: 1658612 MGI: J:2134
Kennedy GD; Nukaya M; Moran SM; Glover E; Weinberg S; Balbo S; Hecht SS; Pitot HC; Drinkwater NR; Bradfield CA. 2014. Liver tumor promotion by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is dependent on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and TNF/IL-1 receptors. Toxicol Sci 140(1):135-43. PubMed: 24718703 MGI: J:215349
Kerley-Hamilton JS; Trask HW; Ridley CJ; Dufour E; Lesseur C; Ringelberg CS; Moodie KL; Shipman SL; Korc M; Gui J; Shworak NW; Tomlinson CR. 2012. Inherent and benzo[a]pyrene-induced differential aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling greatly affects life span, atherosclerosis, cardiac gene expression, and body and heart growth in mice. Toxicol Sci 126(2):391-404. PubMed: 22228805 MGI: J:183715
Kouri RE; Rude TH; Joglekar R; Dansette PM; Jerina DM; Atlas SA; Owens IS; Nebert DW. 1978. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin as cocarcinogen causing 3-methylcholanthrene-initiated subcutaneous tumors in mice genetically 'nonresponsive' at Ah locus. Cancer Res 38(9):2777-83. PubMed: 679184 MGI: J:84318
Levova K; Moserova M; Nebert DW; Phillips DH; Frei E; Schmeiser HH; Arlt VM; Stiborova M. 2012. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase expression in Cyp1a-knockout and CYP1A-humanized mouse lines and its effect on bioactivation of the carcinogen aristolochic acid I. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 265(3):360-7. PubMed: 22982977 MGI: J:192865
Lew BJ; Manickam R; Lawrence BP. 2011. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor during pregnancy in the mouse alters mammary development through direct effects on stromal and epithelial tissues. Biol Reprod 84(6):1094-102. PubMed: 21270426 MGI: J:173706
Moriguchi T; Motohashi H; Hosoya T; Nakajima O; Takahashi S; Ohsako S; Aoki Y; Nishimura N; Tohyama C; Fujii-Kuriyama Y; Yamamoto M. 2003. Distinct response to dioxin in an arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-humanized mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(10):5652-7. PubMed: 12730383 MGI: J:132380
Nebert DW; Atlas SA; Guenthner TM; Kouri RE. 1978. The Ah locus: genetic regulation of the enzymes which metabolize polycyclic hydrocarbons and the risk of cancer. In: Polycyclic Hydrocarbons and Cancer: Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Environment. Academic Press, New York. MGI: J:30693
Nebert DW; Considine N; Owens IS. 1973. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. VI. Control of other aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible mono-oxygenase activities at or near the same genetic locus. Arch Biochem Biophys 157(1):148-59. PubMed: 4716952 MGI: J:84313
Nebert DW; Gelboin HV. 1969. The in vivo and in vitro induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in mammalian cells of different species, tissues, strains, and developmental and hormonal states. Arch Biochem Biophys 134(1):76-89. PubMed: 4981257 MGI: J:84248
Nebert DW; Gielen JE. 1972. Genetic regulation of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in the mouse. Fed Proc 31(4):1315-25. PubMed: 4114109 MGI: J:5282
Nebert DW; Gielen JE; Goujon FM. 1972. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. 3. Changes in the binding of n-octylamine to cytochrome P-450. Mol Pharmacol 8(6):651-66. PubMed: 4118364 MGI: J:84251
Nebert DW; Goujon FM; Gielen JE. 1972. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction by polycyclic hydrocarbons: simple autosomal dominant trait in the mouse. Nat New Biol 236(65):107-10. PubMed: 4502804 MGI: J:84249
Nebert DW; Robinson JR; Niwa A; Kumaki K; Poland AP. 1975. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the mouse. J Cell Physiol 85(2 Pt 2 Suppl 1):393-414. PubMed: 1091656 MGI: J:84317
Niwa A; Kumaki K; Nebert DW; Poland AP. 1975. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the mouse. Distinction between the 'responsive' homozygote and heterozygote at the Ah locus. Arch Biochem Biophys 166(2):559-64. PubMed: 1119809 MGI: J:84316
Nukaya M; Lin BC; Glover E; Moran SM; Kennedy GD; Bradfield CA. 2010. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) is required for dioxin-induced hepatotoxicity but not for the induction of the Cyp1a1 and Cyp1a2 genes. J Biol Chem 285(46):35599-605. PubMed: 20829355 MGI: J:166864
Okey AB; Vella LM; Harper PA. 1989. Detection and characterization of a low affinity form of cytosolic Ah receptor in livers of mice nonresponsive to induction of cytochrome P1-450 by 3-methylcholanthrene. Mol Pharmacol 35(6):823-30. PubMed: 2543914 MGI: J:27899
Poel WE; Stanton D; Peters E; Wade HO. 1958. Comparative susceptibilities of seven inbred strains of mice to qualified applications of 3, 4-benzpyrene Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 2:335. MGI: J:84245
Poland A; Bradfield C. 1992. A brief review of the Ah locus. Tohoku J Exp Med 168(2):83-7. PubMed: 1339107 MGI: J:12546
Poland A; Glover E. 1990. Characterization and strain distribution pattern of the murine Ah receptor specified by the Ahd and Ahb-3 alleles. Mol Pharmacol 38(3):306-12. PubMed: 2169579 MGI: J:34840
Poland A; Glover E; Kende AS. 1976. Stereospecific, high affinity binding of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by hepatic cytosol. Evidence that the binding species is receptor for induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. J Biol Chem 251(16):4936-46. PubMed: 956169 MGI: J:84247
Poland A; Glover E; Taylor BA. 1987. The murine Ah locus: a new allele and mapping to chromosome 12. Mol Pharmacol 32(4):471-8. PubMed: 2823093 MGI: J:8895
Poland A; Palen D; Glover E. 1994. Analysis of the four alleles of the murine aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Mol Pharmacol 46(5):915-21. PubMed: 7969080 MGI: J:22144
Poland AP; Glover E; Robinson JR; Nebert DW. 1974. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. Induction of monooxygenase activities and cytochrome P1-450 formation by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in mice genetically 'nonresponsive' to other aromatic hydrocarbons. J Biol Chem 249(17):5599-606. PubMed: 4370044 MGI: J:84314
Robinson JR; Considine N; Nebert DW. 1974. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. Evidence for the involvement of other genetic loci. J Biol Chem 249(18):5851-9. PubMed: 4413562 MGI: J:84315
Schmid FA; Demetriades MS; Schabel FM 3rd; Tarnowski GS. 1967. Toxicity of several cancerigenic polycyclic hydrocarbons and other agents in AKR and C57BL-6 mice. Cancer Res 27(3):563-7. PubMed: 6021514 MGI: J:84246
Schmid FA; Elmer I; Tarnowski GS. 1969. Genetic determination of differential inflammatory reactivity and subcutaneous tumor susceptibility of AKR-J and C57BL-6J mice to 7,12-dimethylbenz- [a]anthracene. Cancer Res 29(8):1585-9. PubMed: 5807232 MGI: J:34134
Schmid FA; Pena RC; Robinson W; Tarnowski GS. 1967. Toxicity of intraperitoneal injections of 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in inbred mice. Cancer Res 27(3):558-62. PubMed: 6021513 MGI: J:26440
Schmidt JV; Carver LA; Bradfield CA. 1993. Molecular characterization of the murine Ahr gene. Organization, promoter analysis, and chromosomal assignment. J Biol Chem 268(29):22203-9. PubMed: 8408082 MGI: J:15153
Smith AG; Clothier B; Robinson S; Scullion MJ; Carthew P; Edwards R; Luo J; Lim CK; Toledano M. 1998. Interaction between iron metabolism and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in mice with variants of the Ahr gene: a hepatic oxidative mechanism. Mol Pharmacol 53(1):52-61. PubMed: 9443932 MGI: J:45850
Stiborova M; Levova K; Barta F; Shi Z; Frei E; Schmeiser HH; Nebert DW; Phillips DH; Arlt VM. 2012. Bioactivation versus detoxication of the urothelial carcinogen aristolochic acid I by human cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1A2. Toxicol Sci 125(2):345-58. PubMed: 22086975 MGI: J:183662
Taylor BA. 1971. Strain distribution and linkage tests of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) inflammatory response in mice. Life Sci I 10(19):1127-34. PubMed: 5132702 MGI: J:5244
Thomas PE; Hutton JJ; Taylor BA. 1973. Genetic relationship between aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducibility and chemical carcinogen induced skin ulceration in mice. Genetics 74(4):655-9. PubMed: 4750810 MGI: J:5387
Thomas PE; Kouri RE; Hutton JJ. 1972. The genetics of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in mice: a single gene difference between C57BL-6J and DBA-2J. Biochem Genet 6(2):157-68. PubMed: 4666754 MGI: J:31977
Yu Z; Mahadevan B; Lohr CV; Fischer KA; Louderback MA; Krueger SK; Pereira CB; Albershardt DJ; Baird WM; Bailey GS; Williams DE. 2006. Indole-3-carbinol in the maternal diet provides chemoprotection for the fetus against transplacental carcinogenesis by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dibenzo[a,l]pyrene. Carcinogenesis 27(10):2116-23. PubMed: 16704990 MGI: J:113356

Additional - Cdh23^ahl related

Bosco A; Crish SD; Steele MR; Romero CO; Inman DM; Horner PJ; Calkins DJ; Vetter ML. 2012. Early reduction of microglia activation by irradiation in a model of chronic glaucoma. PLoS One 7(8):e43602. PubMed: 22952717 MGI: J:191663
Davis RR; Newlander JK; Ling X; Cortopassi GA; Krieg EF; Erway LC. 2001. Genetic basis for susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss in mice. Hear Res 155(1-2):82-90. PubMed: 11335078 MGI: J:69679
Di Palma F; Pellegrino R; Noben-Trauth K. 2001. Genomic structure, alternative splice forms and normal and mutant alleles of cadherin 23 (Cdh23). Gene 281(1-2):31-41. PubMed: 11750125 MGI: J:73941
Fetoni AR; Picciotti PM; Paludetti G; Troiani D. 2011. Pathogenesis of presbycusis in animal models: a review. Exp Gerontol 46(6):413-25. PubMed: 21211561 MGI: J:186964
Han F; Yu H; Tian C; Chen HE; Benedict-Alderfer C; Zheng Y; Wang Q; Han X; Zheng QY. 2010. A new mouse mutant of the Cdh23 gene with early-onset hearing loss facilitates evaluation of otoprotection drugs. Pharmacogenomics J :. PubMed: 20644563 MGI: J:174758
Hurd EA; Adams ME; Layman WS; Swiderski DL; Beyer LA; Halsey KE; Benson JM; Gong TW; Dolan DF; Raphael Y; Martin DM. 2011. Mature middle and inner ears express Chd7 and exhibit distinctive pathologies in a mouse model of CHARGE syndrome. Hear Res 282(1-2):184-95. PubMed: 21875659 MGI: J:220430
Johnson KR; Erway LC; Cook SA; Willott JF; Zheng QY. 1997. A major gene affecting age-related hearing loss in C57BL/6J mice Hear Res 114(1-2):83-92. PubMed: 9447922 MGI: J:44966
Johnson KR; Longo-Guess C; Gagnon LH; Yu H; Zheng QY. 2008. A locus on distal chromosome 11 (ahl8) and its interaction with Cdh23 ahl underlie the early onset, age-related hearing loss of DBA/2J mice. Genomics 92(4):219-25. PubMed: 18662770 MGI: J:139223
Johnson KR; Yu H; Ding D; Jiang H; Gagnon LH; Salvi RJ. 2010. Separate and combined effects of Sod1 and Cdh23 mutations on age-related hearing loss and cochlear pathology in C57BL/6J mice. Hear Res 268(1-2):85-92. PubMed: 20470874 MGI: J:163035
Johnson KR; Zheng QY; Bykhovskaya Y; Spirina O; Fischel-Ghodsian N. 2001. A nuclear-mitochondrial DNA interaction affecting hearing impairment in mice. Nat Genet 27(2):191-4. PubMed: 11175788 MGI: J:67312
Johnson KR; Zheng QY; Noben-Trauth K. 2006. Strain background effects and genetic modifiers of hearing in mice. Brain Res 1091(1):79-88. PubMed: 16579977 MGI: J:110459
Johnson KR; Zheng QY; Weston MD; Ptacek LJ; Noben-Trauth K. 2005. The Mass1(frings) mutation underlies early onset hearing impairment in BUB/BnJ mice, a model for the auditory pathology of Usher syndrome IIC. Genomics 85(5):582-90. PubMed: 15820310 MGI: J:97534
Kane KL; Longo-Guess CM; Gagnon LH; Ding D; Salvi RJ; Johnson KR. 2012. Genetic background effects on age-related hearing loss associated with Cdh23 variants in mice. Hear Res 283(1-2):80-8. PubMed: 22138310 MGI: J:183757
Keithley EM; Canto C; Zheng QY; Fischel-Ghodsian N; Johnson KR. 2004. Age-related hearing loss and the ahl locus in mice. Hear Res 188(1-2):21-8. PubMed: 14759567 MGI: J:87783
Liu X; Bulgakov OV; Darrow KN; Pawlyk B; Adamian M; Liberman MC; Li T. 2007. Usherin is required for maintenance of retinal photoreceptors and normal development of cochlear hair cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(11):4413-8. PubMed: 17360538 MGI: J:118927
Manji SS; Williams LH; Miller KA; Ooms LM; Bahlo M; Mitchell CA; Dahl HH. 2011. A mutation in synaptojanin 2 causes progressive hearing loss in the ENU-mutagenised mouse strain Mozart. PLoS One 6(3):e17607. PubMed: 21423608 MGI: J:171701
Mathews CE; Leiter EH. 1999. Resistance of ALR/Lt islets to free radical-mediated diabetogenic stress is inherited as a dominant trait. Diabetes 48(11):2189-96. PubMed: 10535453 MGI: J:109893
Nadeau JH. 2003. Modifier genes and protective alleles in humans and mice. Curr Opin Genet Dev 13(3):290-5. PubMed: 12787792 MGI: J:88012
Nagtegaal AP; Rainey RN; van der Pluijm I; Brandt RM; van der Horst GT; Borst JG; Segil N. 2015. Cockayne syndrome group B (csb) and group a (csa) deficiencies predispose to hearing loss and cochlear hair cell degeneration in mice. J Neurosci 35(10):4280-6. PubMed: 25762674 MGI: J:219993
Noben-Trauth K; Latoche JR; Neely HR; Bennett B. 2010. Phenotype and genetics of progressive sensorineural hearing loss (Snhl1) in the LXS set of recombinant inbred strains of mice. PLoS One 5(7):e11459. PubMed: 20628639 MGI: J:163117
Noben-Trauth K; Zheng QY; Johnson KR. 2003. Association of cadherin 23 with polygenic inheritance and genetic modification of sensorineural hearing loss. Nat Genet 35(1):21-3. PubMed: 12910270 MGI: J:86905
Noben-Trauth K; Zheng QY; Johnson KR; Nishina PM. 1997. mdfw: a deafness susceptibility locus that interacts with deaf waddler (dfw). Genomics 44(3):266-72. PubMed: 9325047 MGI: J:38429
Perrin BJ; Sonnemann KJ; Ervasti JM. 2010. beta-actin and gamma-actin are each dispensable for auditory hair cell development but required for Stereocilia maintenance. PLoS Genet 6(10):e1001158. PubMed: 20976199 MGI: J:167543
Perrin BJ; Strandjord DM; Narayanan P; Henderson DM; Johnson KR; Ervasti JM. 2013. beta-Actin and Fascin-2 Cooperate to Maintain Stereocilia Length. J Neurosci 33(19):8114-21. PubMed: 23658152 MGI: J:197137
Vazquez AE; Jimenez AM; Martin GK; Luebke AE; Lonsbury-Martin BL. 2004. Evaluating cochlear function and the effects of noise exposure in the B6.CAST+Ahl mouse with distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Hear Res 194(1-2):87-96. PubMed: 15276680 MGI: J:117746
Watson CJ; Tempel BL. 2013. A new Atp2b2 deafwaddler allele, dfw(i5), interacts strongly with Cdh23 and other auditory modifiers. Hear Res 304:41-8. PubMed: 23792079 MGI: J:220660
Zheng QY; Johnson KR. 2001. Hearing loss associated with the modifier of deaf waddler (mdfw) locus corresponds with age-related hearing loss in 12 inbred strains of mice. Hear Res 154(1-2):45-53. PubMed: 11423214 MGI: J:70964
Zheng QY; Scarborough JD; Zheng Y; Yu H; Choi D; Gillespie PG. 2012. Digenic inheritance of deafness caused by 8J allele of myosin-VIIA and mutations in other Usher I genes. Hum Mol Genet 21(11):2588-98. PubMed: 22381527 MGI: J:183898
Zilberstein Y; Liberman MC; Corfas G. 2012. Inner hair cells are not required for survival of spiral ganglion neurons in the adult cochlea. J Neurosci 32(2):405-10. PubMed: 22238076 MGI: J:179911

Additional - Mlph^ln related

Anderson MG; Hawes NL; Trantow CM; Chang B; John SW. 2008. Iris phenotypes and pigment dispersion caused by genes influencing pigmentation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 21(5):565-78. PubMed: 18715234 MGI: J:141035
Fang Q; Giordimaina AM; Dolan DF; Camper SA; Mustapha M. 2012. Genetic background of Prop1(df) mutants provides remarkable protection against hypothyroidism-induced hearing impairment. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 13(2):173-84. PubMed: 22143287 MGI: J:225046
Fisher RA. 1953. The linkage of polydactyly with leaden in the house mouse. Heredity 7:91-95. MGI: J:12979
Hauschka TS; Jacobs BB; Holdridge BA. 1968. Recessive yellow and its interaction with belted in the mouse. J Hered 59(6):339-41. PubMed: 5713933 MGI: J:5110
Hearing VJ; Phillips P; Lutzner MA. 1973. The fine structure of melanogenesis in coat color mutants of the mouse. J Ultrastruct Res 43(1):88-106. PubMed: 4634048 MGI: J:5346
Hume AN; Collinson LM; Hopkins CR; Strom M; Barral DC; Bossi G; Griffiths GM; Seabra MC. 2002. The leaden gene product is required with Rab27a to recruit myosin Va to melanosomes in melanocytes. Traffic 3(3):193-202. PubMed: 11886590 MGI: J:105323
Hume AN; Tarafder AK; Ramalho JS; Sviderskaya EV; Seabra MC. 2006. A coiled-coil domain of melanophilin is essential for Myosin Va recruitment and melanosome transport in melanocytes. Mol Biol Cell 17(11):4720-35. PubMed: 16914517 MGI: J:117973
Karolyi IJ; Dootz GA; Halsey K; Beyer L; Probst FJ; Johnson KR; Parlow AF; Raphael Y; Dolan DF; Camper SA. 2007. Dietary thyroid hormone replacement ameliorates hearing deficits in hypothyroid mice. Mamm Genome 18(8):596-608. PubMed: 17899304 MGI: J:125708
Markert CL; Silvers WK. 1956. The Effects of Genotype and Cell Environment on Melanoblast Differentiation in the House Mouse. Genetics 41(3):429-50. PubMed: 17247639 MGI: J:12970
Matesic LE; Yip R; Reuss AE; Swing DA; O'Sullivan TN; Fletcher CF; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA. 2001. Mutations in Mlph, encoding a member of the Rab effector family, cause the melanosome transport defects observed in leaden mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(18):10238-43. PubMed: 11504925 MGI: J:71302
Moore KJ; Swing DA; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA. 1990. Interaction of the murine dilute suppressor gene (dsu) with fourteen coat color mutations [published erratum appears in Genetics 1990 Sep;126(1):285] Genetics 125(2):421-30. PubMed: 2379821 MGI: J:29467
Moore KJ; Swing DA; Rinchik EM; Mucenski ML; Buchberg AM; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA. 1988. The murine dilute suppressor gene dsu suppresses the coat-color phenotype of three pigment mutations that alter melanocyte morphology, d, ash and ln. Genetics 119(4):933-41. PubMed: 3410303 MGI: J:9309
Murray JM. 1933. "Leaden", a recent color mutation in the house mouse. Am Naturalist 67:278-283. MGI: J:17162
Nadeau JH. 2001. Modifier genes in mice and humans. Nat Rev Genet 2(3):165-74. PubMed: 11256068 MGI: J:88013
Novak EK; Hui SW; Swank RT. 1984. Platelet storage pool deficiency in mouse pigment mutations associated with seven distinct genetic loci. Blood 63(3):536-44. PubMed: 6696991 MGI: J:7327
Silvers WK. 1979. The Coat Colors of Mice; A Model for Mammalian Gene Action and Interaction. In: The Coat Colors of Mice. Springer-Verlag, New York. MGI: J:78801
Singh RK; Mizuno K; Wasmeier C; Wavre-Shapton ST; Recchi C; Catz SD; Futter C; Tolmachova T; Hume AN; Seabra MC. 2013. Distinct and opposing roles for Rab27a/Mlph/MyoVa and Rab27b/Munc13-4 in mast cell secretion. FEBS J 280(3):892-903. PubMed: 23281710 MGI: J:211540
Stephenson DA; Glenister PH; Hornby JE. 1985. Site of beige (bg) and leaden (ln) pigment gene expression determined by recombinant embryonic skin grafts and aggregation mouse chimaeras employing sash (Wsh) homozygotes. Genet Res 46(2):193-205. PubMed: 3910518 MGI: J:8167
Sundaresan S; Balasubbu S; Mustapha M. 2016. Thyroid hormone is required for the pruning of afferent type II spiral ganglion neurons in the mouse cochlea. Neuroscience 312:165-78. PubMed: 26592716 MGI: J:237558
Sweet SE; Quevedo WC Jr. 1968. Role of melanocyte morphology in pigmentation of mouse hair. Anat Rec 162(2):243-54. PubMed: 5726144 MGI: J:5095
Ward RD; Stone BM; Raetzman LT; Camper SA. 2006. Cell proliferation and vascularization in mouse models of pituitary hormone deficiency. Mol Endocrinol 20(6):1378-90. PubMed: 16556738 MGI: J:108961

Additional - Obq3^C57L/J related

Taylor BA; Phillips SJ. 1997. Obesity QTLs on mouse chromosomes 2 and 17. Genomics 43(3):249-57. PubMed: 9268627 MGI: J:39947

Additional - Obq4^C57L/J related

Taylor BA; Phillips SJ. 1997. Obesity QTLs on mouse chromosomes 2 and 17. Genomics 43(3):249-57. PubMed: 9268627 MGI: J:39947

Additional - Rmcf^s related

Buller RS; Sitbon M; Portis JL. 1988. The endogenous mink cell focus-forming (MCF) gp70 linked to the Rmcf gene restricts MCF virus replication in vivo and provides partial resistance to erythroleukemia induced by Friend murine leukemia virus. J Exp Med 167(5):1535-46. PubMed: 2835418 MGI: J:27618
Hartley JW; Yetter RA; Morse HC 3rd. 1983. A mouse gene on chromosome 5 that restricts infectivity of mink cell focus-forming recombinant murine leukemia viruses. J Exp Med 158(1):16-24. PubMed: 6306133 MGI: J:7108
Jung YT; Lyu MS; Buckler-White A; Kozak CA. 2002. Characterization of a polytropic murine leukemia virus proviral sequence associated with the virus resistance gene Rmcf of DBA/2 mice. J Virol 76(16):8218-24. PubMed: 12134027 MGI: J:78083

Also Known As: Leaden, C57 Leaden, L

Genetic overview

Research Applications

Base Price

Important Note

Detailed Description

Development

Selected References

Ahrb-1

Allele Symbol: Ahrb-1

Cdh23ahl

Allele Symbol: Cdh23ahl

Mlphln

Allele Symbol: Mlphln

Obq3C57L/J

Allele Symbol: Obq3C57L/J

Obq4C57L/J

Allele Symbol: Obq4C57L/J

Rmcfs

Allele Symbol: Rmcfs

Disease Terms

Potential model based on gene homology relationships. Phenotypic similarity to the human disease has not been tested.

Research Areas By Genotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Genotype: Ahrb-1 related

Genotype: Cdh23ahl related

Genotype: Mlphln related

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

Genotype: Rmcfs/RmcfsC57L/J

immune system phenotype

Genotype: a/a Mlphln/Mlphln Tyrp1b/Tyrp1bC57L/J

pigmentation phenotype

integument phenotype

Phenotype Information

References

Additional References

Additional - Ahrb-1 related

Additional - Cdh23ahl related

Additional - Mlphln related

Additional - Obq3C57L/J related

Additional - Obq4C57L/J related

Additional - Rmcfs related

Genotyping Protocols

Dietary Information

Breeding Considerations

Mating System

Appearance

Animal Health Reports

Live Mouse

Cryorecovery - Pricing

Progeny testing is not required

Payment Terms and Conditions

The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

Terms of Use

Licensing Information

JAX® Mice, Products & Services Conditions of Use

No Warranty

Credit for PRODUCTS or SERVICES

Animal Care and Use for SERVICES

No Liability

Ahr^b-1

Allele Symbol: Ahr^b-1

Cdh23^ahl

Allele Symbol: Cdh23^ahl

Mlph^ln

Allele Symbol: Mlph^ln

Obq3^C57L/J

Allele Symbol: Obq3^C57L/J

Obq4^C57L/J

Allele Symbol: Obq4^C57L/J

Rmcf^s

Allele Symbol: Rmcf^s

Genotype: Ahr^b-1 related

Genotype: Cdh23^ahl related

Genotype: Mlph^ln related

Genotype: Rmcf^s/Rmcf^s
C57L/J

Genotype: a/a Mlph^ln/Mlph^ln Tyrp1^b/Tyrp1^b
C57L/J

Additional - Ahr^b-1 related

Additional - Cdh23^ahl related

Additional - Mlph^ln related

Additional - Obq3^C57L/J related

Additional - Obq4^C57L/J related

Additional - Rmcf^s related