C3H/HeJ

Stock No:: 000659 |; C3H

Also Known As: C3H Heston, C3, C3H

C3H/HeJ mice, commonly called C3H, are used as a general purpose strain in a wide variety of research areas including cancer, infectious disease, sensorineural, and cardiovascular biology research. A spontaneous mutation in Tlr4 occurred in C3H/HeJ at the lipopolysaccharide response locus (mutation in toll-like receptor 4 gene, Tlr4^Lps-d) making C3H/HeJ mice more resistant to endotoxin. C3H/HeJ mice are highly susceptible to infection by Gram-negative bacteria such as Salmonella enterica. The C3H substrains at The Jackson Laboratory are homozygous for the retinal degeneration 1 mutation (Pde6b^rd1), causing blindness by weaning age.

Genetic overview

Genetic Background	Generation
	Contact Technical Support (2019-06-14 00:00:00)

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Research Applications

Cardiovascular Research
Cancer Research
Research Tools
Sensorineural Research
Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
Neurobiology Research
Mouse/Human Gene Homologs

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Base Price

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$26.09 Domestic price for male 3-week

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Details

Important Note

This strain does not carry mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). This strain is homozygous for retinal degeneration allele Pde6b^rd1, the defective lipopolysaccharide response allele Tlr4^Lps-d, and for a chromosomal inversion on Chromosome 6. A sighted alternative is Stock No. 003648, C3Sn.BLiA-Pde6b⁺/DnJ.

Detailed Description

C3H/HeJ mice are used as a general purpose strain in a wide variety of research areas including cancer, immunology and inflammation, sensorineural, and cardiovascular biology. C3H/HeJ mice and all other Jackson substrains are homozygous for the retinal degeneration 1 mutation (Pde6b^rd1), which causes blindness by weaning age, but lack the nob5 allele of Gpr179 (Chang, 2015). White belly spots, ranging in phenotype from a few white hairs to a defined spot are common in C3H/HeJ mice. There is also a high incidence of hepatomas in C3H mice (reportedly 72-91% in males at 14 months, 59% in virgin females, 30-38% in breeding females). Despite the lack of exogenous mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), virgin and breeding females may still develop some mammary tumors later in life. C3H/HeJ mice, fed an atherogenic diet (1.25% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid and 15% fat), fail to develop atherosclerotic aortic lesions in contrast to several highly susceptible strains of mice (e.g. C57BL/6J, Stock No. 000664; C57L/J, Stock No. 000668, C57BR/cdJ, Stock No. 000667, and SM/J, Stock No. 000687). C3H/HeJ mice spontaneously develop alopecia areata (AA) at a reported incidence of approximately 0.25% by 5 months of age. In older mice (12-18 months old), incidences as high as approximately 20% are reported. Females as young as 3-5 months can develop AA, but onset typically is delayed until after 6 months in males. Alopecia areata can be surgically-induced by grafting a small piece of skin from an older, donor animal with AA onto a younger, isogenic C3H/HeJ recipient.

A spontaneous mutation occurred in C3H/HeJ at the lipopolysaccharide response locus (later identified as a mutation in the toll-like receptor 4 gene, Tlr4^Lps-d) making C3H/HeJ mice endotoxin resistant. C3H/HeJ (Tlr4^Lps-d) mice are highly susceptible to infection by Gram-negative bacteria such as Salmonella enterica. Mice infected with Salmonella exhibit delayed chemokine production, impaired nitric oxide generation and attenuated cellular immune responses. Mortality in infected mice appears to result from enhanced bacterial growth within the liver Kupffer cell network (Vazquez-Torres et al., 2004).
The C3H/HeJ substrain is homozygous for an inversion on Chromosome 6 (symbol: In(6)1J). The inversion covers 20% of Chromosome 6 between D6Mit124 (~30.3 cM) and D6Mit150 (~51.0 cM), but results in no reported phenotype. Results from screening other C3H substrains and cryopreserved stock from C3H/HeJ suggest that the mutation arose after 1952. The spontaneous mutation, spike wave discharge 1 (Gria4^spkw1), is present in C3H/HeJ, but not C3HeB/FeJ. Mice homozygous for this mutation exhibit a modest incidence of absence seizures. This strain is also homozygous for a hypomorphic allele in Pcnx2, which is caused by an IAP insertion and which dampens the severity of the absence seizure phenotype caused by Gria4^spkw1 (Frankel et al., 2014).

Development

The C3H parent strain was developed by LC Strong in 1920 from a cross of a Bagg albino female with a DBA male followed by selection for high incidence of mammary tumors. This high incidence resulted from exogenous mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) transmitted through the mother's milk. The Jackson Laboratory maintains four C3H substrains, C3H/HeJ (Stock No. 000659), C3H/HeOuJ (Stock No. 000635), C3HeB/FeJ (Stock No. 000658) and C3H/HeSnJ (Stock No. 000661) that are now free of exogenous MMTV. C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeOuJ mice previously carried MMTV but were rederived in 1999 during planned efforts to increase the overall health status of the mice and the virus was not reintroduced. C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeOuJ substrains were separated in 1952 and are genetically very similar. However, a spontaneous mutation occurred in C3H/HeJ sometime between 1960 and 1968 at lipopolysaccharide response locus (mutation in toll-like receptor 4 gene, Tlr4^lps) making C3H/HeJ mice endotoxin resistant while the other three C3H strains are endotoxin sensitive.

Selected References

Akeson EC; Donahue LR; Beamer WG; Shultz KL; Ackert-Bicknell C; Rosen CJ; Corrigan J; Davisson MT. 2006. Chromosomal inversion discovered in C3H/HeJ mice. Genomics 87(2):311-3PubMed: 16309882 MGI: J:105810
Chang B. 2015. Survey of the nob5 mutation in C3H substrains. Mol Vis 21:1101-5PubMed: 26396487 MGI: J:224435
Frankel WN; Mahaffey CL; McGarr TC; Beyer BJ; Letts VA. 2014. Unraveling genetic modifiers in the gria4 mouse model of absence epilepsy. PLoS Genet 10(7):e1004454PubMed: 25010494 MGI: J:228536
Timmermans S; Van Montagu M; Libert C. 2017. Complete overview of protein-inactivating sequence variations in 36 sequenced mouse inbred strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114(34):9158-9163PubMed: 28784771 MGI: J:244295
Heston WE; Vlahakis G. 1971. Mammary tumors, plaques, and hyperplastic alveolar nodules in various combinations of mouse inbred strains and the different lines of the mammary tumor virus. Int J Cancer 7(1):141-8PubMed: 4322934 MGI: J:24674
Outzen HC; Corrow D; Shultz LD. 1985. Attenuation of exogenous murine mammary tumor virus virulence in the C3H/HeJ mouse substrain bearing the Lps mutation. J Natl Cancer Inst 75(5):917-23PubMed: 2997536 MGI: J:24864
Dragani TA; Manenti G; Gariboldi M; Degregorio L; Pierotti MA. 1995. Genetics of liver tumor susceptibility in mice. Toxicol Lett 82-3:613-619PubMed: 8597117 MGI: J:31816
Cheers C; McKenzie IF. 1978. Resistance and susceptibility of mice to bacterial infection: genetics of listeriosis. Infect Immun 19(3):755-62PubMed: 305895 MGI: J:5965
Petkov PM; Cassell MA; Sargent EE; Donnelly CJ; Robinson P; Crew V; Asquith S; Haar RV; Wiles MV. 2004. Development of a SNP genotyping panel for genetic monitoring of the laboratory mouse. Genomics 83(5):902-11PubMed: 15081119 MGI: J:89298

View All References

Genetics

Hrh1^Bphs-r

Allele Symbol: Hrh1^Bphs-r

Allele Name	B pertussis induced histamine sensitization, resistant
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	B pertussis induced histamine sensitization, resistant; Hrh1^Bphs-r
Gene Symbol and Name	Hrh1, histamine receptor H1
Gene Synonym(s)	Bphs; Bphs; H1-R; Hir; hisH1; Bordetella pertussis induced histamine sensitization; HH1R; H1R; Hisr
Strain of Origin	C3H/HeJ or CBA/J
Chromosome	6
General Note	Mice homozygous for this allele do not die from hypotensive and hypovolemic shock induced by vasoactive amine challenge after pertussis toxin sensitization (J:77938).
Molecular Note	This allele confers resistance to Bordetella pertussis induced histamine sensitization and occurs in strains C3H/HeJ and CBA/J. These strains carry three concordant amino acid changes in the predicted protein sequence (L263P, M313V and S331P) that are in the third intracellular loop and are postulated to be associated with signal transduction function.

Tlr4^Lps-d

Allele Symbol: Tlr4^Lps-d

Allele Name	defective lipopolysaccharide response
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Tlr4^Lps-d; defective lipopolysaccharide response
Gene Symbol and Name	Tlr4, toll-like receptor 4
Gene Synonym(s)	ARMD10; Rasl2-8; Rasl2-8; CD284; lipopolysaccharide response; Lps; lipopolysaccharide response; Lps; TLR-4; RAS-like, family 2, locus 8; TOLL
Strain of Origin	C3H/HeJ
Chromosome	4
General Note	C3H/HeJ mice carry this allele. Various combinations of Lps-associated traits have been followed in crosses between C3H/HeJ and other C3H substrains, and the traits have in all cases segregated together (J:30692, J:5557, J:5593, J:5938). Some of the traits show dominance of the Tlr4^lps-n allele; others, including Tlr4^Lps-d, show codominance. Genbank ID for this allele: AF095353
Molecular Note	This allele corresponds to a mutation in the third exon of the gene. A C to A substitution at nucleotide position 2342 results in an amino acid substitution that replaces proline with histidine at position 712.

In(6)1J

Allele Symbol: In(6)1J

Allele Name	inversion, Chr 6, Jackson 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	inversion, Chr 6, Jackson 1; In(6)1J
Gene Symbol and Name	In(6)1J, inversion, Chr 6, Jackson 1
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	C3H/HeJ
Chromosome	6
General Note	C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeJBir carry this inversion; C3H/HeSnJ and C3HeB/FeJ do not. Examination of recombination distances in Recombinant Inbred (RI) strain sets developed using C3H/HeJ as a progenitor suggest none of these harbor the inversion. Mouse strains carrying spontaneous mutations that arose on the C3H/HeJ background after 1965-1970 could carry the inversion and are expected to if the mutation arose after the early 1970s.
Molecular Note	The In(6)1J inversion covers approximately 20% of Chr 6 in C3H/HeJ mice. Therefore, linkage crosses using C3H/HeJ will show no recombination in this region of Chr 6. Genetic analyses of congenic construction crosses suggested that the suppressed region lies between D6Mit124 (cytological band 6C3) and D6Mit150 (cytological band 6F1). FISH analyses using flanking BACs detected a paracentric chromosomal region between ~73 Mb and ~116 Mb.

Pcnx2^C3H/HeJ

Allele Symbol: Pcnx2^C3H/HeJ

Allele Name	C3H/HeJ
Allele Type	Spontaneous (Hypomorph)
Allele Synonym(s)	C3H/HeJ; Pcnx2^C3H/HeJ
Gene Symbol and Name	Pcnx2, pecanex homolog 2
Gene Synonym(s)	E330039K12Rik; E330039K12Rik; AU067631; Pcnxl2; RGD1305883; RIKEN cDNA E330039K12 gene; pecanex-like 2 (Drosophila); expressed sequence AU067631; PCNXL2; Pcnxl2
Strain of Origin	C3H/HeJ
Chromosome	8
Molecular Note	This IAP insertion in intron 19 causes diminished expression of this gene by RT-PCR in C3H/HeJ and is not found in C3HeB/FeJ, C3H/HeOuJ, or C3H/HeSnJ.

Mx1^s1

Allele Symbol: Mx1^s1

Allele Name	myxovirus susceptibility 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Mx1^s1; myxovirus susceptibility 1
Gene Symbol and Name	Mx1, MX dynamin-like GTPase 1
Gene Synonym(s)	Mx; Mx-1; Mx; Mx-1; AI893580; myxovirus (influenza) resistance 1 polypeptide; expressed sequence AI893580; IFI-78K; MxA; MX; IFI78; MXB; lncMX1-215
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	16
General Note	The Mx genes determine resistance to the lethal effects of various myxoviruses including neurotropic avian influenza A virus injected intracerebrally, pneumotropic strains injected intranasally, and a hepatotropic strain injected intraperitoneally (J:5645, J:13136). Resistance is not dependent on presence of the thymus and is not abolished by immunosuppression or by inhibitors of macrophage function (J:5735, J:5478, J:5645). Resistance is specific for the orthomyxoviruses (J:6265). It is dependent on the presence of interferon-alpha and -beta but not -gamma (J:7365). The resistance allele at the Mx1 locus, under induction by alpha/beta interferon, produces the 75 kDa protein MX-1, which confers resistance to the influenza virus, in the nuclei of cells carrying the allele. Susceptibility alleles do not produce the protein (J:8273). The protein is located in the nucleus (J:7703) and produces its antiviral effect by preventing synthesis of viral mRNA in the nucleus (J:7992). Nuclear localization is necessary for anti-influenza virus activity (J:1417), but mutations induced in Mx1 showed that nuclear position was not sufficient for the effect; mutations in several domains can cause its loss (J:11840). The MX-1 protein is a GTPase containing a GTP binding domain (J:1417) and this binding core is also necessary (J:21243). Resistance is expressed by macrophages and other cells in vitro (J:6649, J:5940) but could not be transferred to susceptible animals by transfer of macrophages from resistant mice (J:6149). Resistance to infection with two tick-borne viruses, Thogoto virus (J:8273) and Dhori virus (J:27760), is also conferred by Mx1^r. The Mx1^r allele occurs only in strains A2G, SL/NiA, and T9, the latter being a strain derived from an influenza-resistant wild stock, and CAST/Ei, derived from Mus musculus castaneus. Most inbred strains, including C57BL/6J, C3H/HeJ, and BALB/cJ, carry an influenza susceptible Mx1^s1 allele which produces mRNA lacking exons 9, 10, and 11 of the Mx1^r allele. This large deletion apparently renders the protein incapable of providing resistance to influenza. The CBA/J, CE/J, I/LnJ, and PERA/Ei strains, also susceptible to the virus, have another form of the Mx1^s2 allele in which there is a nonsense mutation (J:9452). Interferon is induced by viral infection and in turn induces the Mx protein (J:7703). Although some interferon-induced genes respond directly to virus invasion as well as indirectly through induction by virus-induced interferon, this primary response is very weak for the MX-1 protein in response to either influenza or Newcastle disease viruses (J:1892).
Molecular Note	Many inbred mouse strains have an exon 9 to 11 deletion, resulting in a null allele and susceptibility to myxoviruses, including: A/J, ABP/Le, AKR/J, AU/SsJ, BALB/cJ, BDP/J, BUB/BnJ, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, C57BL/10J, C57BL/KsJ, C57L/J, C58/J, DA/HuSn, DBA/2J, FSB/GnEi, FVB/NJ, LIS/A, LP/J, MA/MyJ, MAS/A, NZB/BINJ, P/J, PL/J, RIIIS/J, RF/J, SEA/GnJ, SEC1/ReJ, SJL/J, ST/bJ, TS1/A, TW1/A. YBR/Ei, 020/A, 129/J, SF/CamEi and SK/CamEi.

Ahr^b-2

Allele Symbol: Ahr^b-2

Allele Name	b-2 variant
Allele Type	Not Applicable
Allele Synonym(s)	b-2 variant; Ahr^b-2
Gene Symbol and Name	Ahr, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor
Gene Synonym(s)	bHLHe76; aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness; aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase; Ahh; dioxin receptor; In; Ah; Ahre; inflammatory reactivity; RP85
Strain of Origin	BALB/cBy
Chromosome	12
General Note	C57BL/6 carries the responsive Ahr^b allele; DBA/2 carries nonresponsive Ahr^d. Heterozygotes (Ahr^b/Ahr^d) are responsive (J:5282). Later work identified a second (J:8895) and later a third (J:22144) allele conferring response. Thus the allele in C57, C58, and MA/My strains is now Ahr^b-1; Ahr^b-2 is carried by BALB/cBy, A, and C3H; and Ahr^b-3 by Mus spretus, M. caroli, and MOLF/Ei. The nonresponsive strains AKR, DBA/2, and 129 carry Ahrd (J:22144). Nucleotide and amino acid sequence differences between Ahr^b-1 and Ahr^d have been determined (J:17460). Strain of origin - this allele was found in BALB/cByJ, A/J, C3H/HeJ, CBA strains
Molecular Note	This allele encodes a high affinity, heat labile, 104 kDa receptor containing 848 amino acids. Sequencing studies of cDNA from C57BL/6J congenic mice homozygous for this allele identified nucleotide substitutions in the ORF that would cause 5 amino acid differences between the C57BL/6J and BALB/cBy peptides, and 2 amino acid differences between the BALB/cBy and DBA/2J peptides. A T to C transition in exon 11 replaces the opal termination codon in the C57BL/6J allele with an arginine codon in the BALB/cBy allele. This change would extend translation of the BALB/cBy mRNA by 43 amino acids, accounting for the larger size of the peptide produced by this allele (104 kDa, vs 95 kDa for the C57BL/6J allele).

Cd5^a

Allele Symbol: Cd5^a

Allele Name	a variant
Allele Type	Spontaneous (Not Applicable)
Allele Synonym(s)	Cd5^a; a variant
Gene Symbol and Name	Cd5, CD5 antigen
Gene Synonym(s)	Ly-12; lymphocyte antigen 1; T1; T-lymphocyte antigen 1; LEU1; Ly-1; Lyt-1; lymphocyte antigen 12; Ly-12; Lyt-1; Ly-A; Ly-1
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	19
Molecular Note	Sequence analysis of C3H/HeJ showed that this polymorphic variant has point mutations relative to the b variant that result in valine instead of isoleucine at amino acid 9, leucine instead of glutamine at amino acid 52, and isoleucine instead of phenylalanine at amino acid 71, all within the amino terminal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich D1 domain, in addition to 7 silent point mutations. This allele is found in many inbred strains including CBA/J, C3H and DBA substrains.

Gria4^spkw1

Allele Symbol: Gria4^spkw1

Allele Name	spike wave discharge 1
Allele Type	QTL
Allele Synonym(s)	Gria4^spkw1; spike wave discharge 1
Gene Symbol and Name	Gria4, glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA4 (alpha 4)
Gene Synonym(s)	Gluralpha4; spkw1; Glur-4; Glur4; spkw1; GluA4; Glur-4; GluR-D; GLUR4C; GLURD; GLUR4; glutamate receptor 4; spike wave 1; GluR4; Glur4; NEDSGA
Strain of Origin	C3H/HeJ
Chromosome	9
General Note	This allele interacts with spkw2. Animals with the highest incidence of spike wave discharges are homozygous for C3H/HeJ-derived alleles at spkw1 and heterozygous for C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ alleles at spkw2.
Molecular Note	This mutation was originally identified as a QTL allele conferring increased incidence of spike wave discharges in the brains of C3H/HeJ mice as compared to C57BL/6J. Genomic PCR and sequencing showed a full-length intracisternal A-particle (IAP) proviral insertion in the last intron of Gria4 in C3H/HeJ mice. qRT-PCR showed a 10-fold difference in C3H/HeJ and C3HeB/FeJ substrains in transcripts detected between exons flanking the IAP-containing intron, and a neglible difference between upstream exon transcript levels in these substrains. Gria4 protein levels in C3H/HeJ cerebella are reduced compared with controls.

Pde6b^rd1

Allele Symbol: Pde6b^rd1

Allele Name	retinal degeneration 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	retinal degeneration 1; Pde6b^rd1
Gene Symbol and Name	Pde6b, phosphodiesterase 6B, cGMP, rod receptor, beta polypeptide
Gene Synonym(s)	rd; rd1; Pdeb; r; rd; rd10; nmf137; r; retinal degeneration; retinal degeneration 1; retinal degeneration 10; CSNB3; CSNBAD2; rd1; rd-1; rd10; PDEB; RP40; phosphodiesterase, cGMP, rod receptor, beta polypeptide; Pdeb; GMP-PDEbeta
Strain of Origin	various
Chromosome	5
General Note	The following inbred strains are known to be homozygous for Pde6b: C3H sublines, CBA/J, FVB/NJ, PL/J, SB, SJL/J, and SWR/J.
Molecular Note	Two mutations have been identified in rd1 mice. A murine leukimia virus (Xmv-28) insertion in reverse orientation in intron 1 is found in all mouse strains with the rd1 phenotype. Further, a nonsense mutation (C to A transversion) in codon 347 that results in a truncation eliminating more than half of the predicted encoded protein, including the catalytic domain has also been identified in all rd1 strains of mice. A specific degradation of mutant transcript during or after pre-mRNA splicing is suggested.

Cox7a2l^l

Allele Symbol: Cox7a2l^l

Allele Name	long
Allele Type	Not Applicable (Not Specified)
Allele Synonym(s)	Cox7a2l^l; long
Gene Symbol and Name	Cox7a2l, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2 like
Gene Synonym(s)	COX7RP; SIG-81; SIG81; silica-induced gene 81; Silg81; COX7AR; EB1
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	17
General Note	Querying the sequences of the Sanger Mouse Genomes Project reveals that the short allele with its 6 bp deletion exists in C57BL/6J, C57BL/10J, C57BL/6NJ, C58/J, BALB/cJ, C3H/HeH, 129S5/SvEvBrd, NZW/LacZ, and SEA/GnJ, but the long allele lacking the deletion exists in 129S1/SvImJ, A/J, AKR/J, BTBR T⁺ Itpr3^tf/J, BUB/BnJ, C3H/HeJ, C57BR/cdJ, C57L/J, CAST/EiJ, CBA/J, DBA/1J, DBA/2J, FVB/NJ, I/LnJ, KK/HiJ, LEWES/EiJ, LP/J, MOLF/EiJ, NOD/ShiLtJ, NZB/BlNJ, NZO/HlLtJ, PWK/PhJ, RF/J, SPRET/EiJ, ST/bJ, WSB/EiJ, ZALENDE/EiJ.
Molecular Note	This allele encodes the long isoform with 113 amino acids. It is found in 129S2/SvPasCrl, CBA/CaOlaHsd, Hsd:ICR, and NZB/OlaHsd.

Disease/Phenotype

Disease Terms

Model with phenotypic similarity to human disease where etiologies involve orthologs. Human genes are associated with this disease. Orthologs of those genes appear in the mouse genotype(s).

retinitis pigmentosa 40

Research Areas By Genotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Cardiovascular Research
- Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis
  - Relatively Resistant
Cancer Research
- Increased Tumor Incidence
  - Hepatomas
  - Mammary Gland Tumors: late onset
  - Mammary Gland Tumors
Research Tools
- General Purpose
- Infectious Disease
  - Anthrax
Sensorineural Research
- Retinal Degeneration
  - Homozygous for Pde6b^rd1
Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Immunodeficiency
  - Tlr deficiency
Neurobiology Research
- Epilepsy

Genotype: Tlr4^Lps-d related

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Immunodeficiency
  - Tlr deficiency
- CD Antigens, Antigen Receptors, and Histocompatibility Markers
  - Tlr deficiency
- Inflammation
  - Tlr deficiency

Genotype: Pde6b^rd1 related

Sensorineural Research
- Retinal Degeneration
Mouse/Human Gene Homologs
- retinitis pigmentosa, autosomal recessive

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

The following phenotype relates to a compound genotype created using this strain

Genotype: In(6)1J/In(6)1J
C3H/HeJ

normal phenotype

no abnormal phenotype detected
- Normal - no phenotype is known to be associated with this chromosomal inversion

Genotype: Tlr4^Lps-d/Tlr4^Lps-d
involves: C3H/HeJ

behavior/neurological phenotype

hyporesponsive to tactile stimuli
- reduced mechanical allodynia after nerve injury

increased thermal nociceptive threshold
- attenuated response to heat

immune system phenotype

abnormal osteoclast differentiation
- antibody to IFN-beta or to IFNAR1 reverses inhibition of osteoclast formation induced by RANKL
- lipopolysaccharide fails to inhibit RANKL induced osteoclast formation as it does in controls

abnormal T-helper 2 physiology
- Th2 responses elevated after induction of autoimmune arthritis

abnormal tumor necrosis factor level
- diminished TNF alpha expression after 90 minutes of liver ischemia followed by 6 hours of reperfusion
- macrophage primary but not secondary necrotic cells with residual stimulatory affect on TNF alpha production by macrophage

increased susceptibility to bacterial infection
- increased K. pneumoniae levels in the lung
- increased sensitivity to gram (-) infection
- low responsiveness of spleen cells to lipopolysaccharides
- significantly shortened survival after infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae

increased susceptibility to induced arthritis
- reduced susceptibility to arthritis induced by type II collagen

integument phenotype

hyporesponsive to tactile stimuli
- reduced mechanical allodynia after nerve injury

increased thermal nociceptive threshold
- attenuated response to heat

mammalian phenotype

hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
- Normal - cisplatin and lipopolysaccharide treatment does not lead to significant increases in auditory brainstem response as is observed in controls

muscle phenotype
- Normal - MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) release from isolated mouse aorta smooth muscle cells (MAoSMC) by stimulation with dsRNA is normal relative to controls

nervous system phenotype

abnormal glial cell apoptosis
- isolated microglia exposed to LPS are resistant to apoptosis

skeleton phenotype

abnormal osteoclast differentiation
- antibody to IFN-beta or to IFNAR1 reverses inhibition of osteoclast formation induced by RANKL
- lipopolysaccharide fails to inhibit RANKL induced osteoclast formation as it does in controls

increased susceptibility to induced arthritis
- reduced susceptibility to arthritis induced by type II collagen

cellular phenotype

abnormal glial cell apoptosis
- isolated microglia exposed to LPS are resistant to apoptosis

abnormal osteoclast differentiation
- antibody to IFN-beta or to IFNAR1 reverses inhibition of osteoclast formation induced by RANKL
- lipopolysaccharide fails to inhibit RANKL induced osteoclast formation as it does in controls

hematopoietic system phenotype

abnormal osteoclast differentiation
- antibody to IFN-beta or to IFNAR1 reverses inhibition of osteoclast formation induced by RANKL
- lipopolysaccharide fails to inhibit RANKL induced osteoclast formation as it does in controls

abnormal T-helper 2 physiology
- Th2 responses elevated after induction of autoimmune arthritis

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

abnormal circulating enzyme level
- increased HO-1 expression
- myeloperoxidase levels are reduced after 90 minutes of liver ischemia followed by 6 hours of reperfusion

abnormal tumor necrosis factor level
- diminished TNF alpha expression after 90 minutes of liver ischemia followed by 6 hours of reperfusion
- macrophage primary but not secondary necrotic cells with residual stimulatory affect on TNF alpha production by macrophage

decreased circulating alanine transaminase level
- serum levels decreased after 90 minutes of liver ischemia followed by 6 hours of reperfusion

Genotype: Tlr4^Lps-d/Tlr4^Lps-d
C3H/HeJ-Tlr4

adipose tissue phenotype

decreased epididymal fat pad weight
- reduced 40% compared to controls when on a high fat diet
- weight similar to controls on a normal diet

decreased fat cell size
- adipocyte size reduced 30% relative to controls on a high fat diet
- reduced aggregation of macrophage around dying adipocytes than in controls

decreased percent body fat/body weight
- 70% less body fat

cellular phenotype

abnormal macrophage chemotaxis
- robust macrophage response at the site of spinal injury

abnormal muscle cell glucose uptake
- insulin stimulated glucose uptake by soleus muscle is not affected by palmitate treatment or by other fatty acids

decreased hepatocyte apoptosis
- hepatocyte cell death is reduced compared to controls after BDL

decreased neuron apoptosis
- neurons are resistant to apoptosis caused by glucose deficiency

focal hepatic necrosis

skeleton phenotype

decreased susceptibility to bone fracture
- bones resistant to fracture

increased bone mass
- increased bone area of the tibia

increased bone mineral content
- greater mineral content

increased bone mineral density
- density continues to increase over time
- significantly increased bone mineral density at 20 weeks

digestive/alimentary phenotype

rectal hemorrhage
- recover from bleeding after 10 days of treatment when 50% of controls are dead
- rectal bleeding after 7 days of dextrose sodium sulfate treatment is reduced relative to controls

growth/size/body region phenotype

decreased body size
- always smaller than controls

decreased body weight
- food intake comparable to controls
- lower body weight than controls after 8 weeks on a high fat diet
- weights are 15% lower than controls after 8 months on a high fat diet

decreased susceptibility to weight loss
- reduced weight loss following infection with Vac-GFL

hematopoietic system phenotype

abnormal macrophage chemotaxis
- robust macrophage response at the site of spinal injury

abnormal microglial cell physiology
- resistant to lipopolysaccharide induced apoptosis

abnormal phagocyte morphology
- Normal - however, response to stimulation with TLR9 or TLR7 and TLR8 with their ligands (CpG and R848, respectively) is similar to in wild-type cells
- phagocytes fail to respond to LPS stimulation

abnormal spleen weight
- spleen weight fails to increase with dextran sodium sulfate treatment as it does in controls

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

abnormal circulating glucose level
- faster disappearance of glucose in response to insulin when on a high fat diet

abnormal circulating leptin level
- increase in blood leptin on a high fat diet is 36% less than in controls

abnormal cytokine level
- keratinocyte derived cytokine levels in lungs are unaffected by lipopolysaccharide
- macrophage inflammatory protein-2 levels in lungs are unaffected by lipopolysaccharide

abnormal fatty acid level
- less elevated than for controls on a high fat diet

abnormal gas homeostasis

abnormal glucose homeostasis

abnormal interleukin level
- Il-6 levels in lungs are unaffected by lipopolysaccharide
- il6 levels increase less on a high fat diet than in controls

abnormal lipid level

abnormal tumor necrosis factor level
- less increase in TNF alpha on a high fat diet than in controls
- TNF alpha levels in lungs are unaffected by lipopolysaccharide

decreased body temperature
- more severe reduction in body temperature following infection with Vac-GFL

decreased cerebral infarction size
- damage due to middle cerebral artery occlusion is considerably reduced
- infarctions due to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion are smaller in size

decreased circulating insulin level
- lower blood insulin levels when on a high fat diet

decreased liver triglyceride level
- less increase in hepatic triglycerides on a high fat diet than in controls

decreased respiratory quotient
- lower respiratory exchange ratio

decreased susceptibility to ischemic brain injury
- less inflammation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion
- less nerve cell swelling after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion
- reduced brain edema after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion
- reduced neurological impairment after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

improved glucose tolerance
- lower blood glucose in a glucose tolerance test when on a high fat diet

increased adiponectin level
- levels remain elevated on a high fat diet

increased circulating interleukin-6 level
- increased levels after 7 days of dextran sodium sulfate treatment

increased oxygen consumption
- oxygen consumption is higher after 8 weeks on a high fat diet than controls

pulmonary edema
- less protein leakage into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after lipopolysaccharide inhalation
- resistant to lipopolysaccharide induced lung interstitial edema

immune system phenotype

abnormal cytokine level
- keratinocyte derived cytokine levels in lungs are unaffected by lipopolysaccharide
- macrophage inflammatory protein-2 levels in lungs are unaffected by lipopolysaccharide

abnormal interleukin level
- Il-6 levels in lungs are unaffected by lipopolysaccharide
- il6 levels increase less on a high fat diet than in controls

abnormal macrophage chemotaxis
- robust macrophage response at the site of spinal injury

abnormal microglial cell physiology
- resistant to lipopolysaccharide induced apoptosis

abnormal phagocyte morphology
- Normal - however, response to stimulation with TLR9 or TLR7 and TLR8 with their ligands (CpG and R848, respectively) is similar to in wild-type cells
- phagocytes fail to respond to LPS stimulation

abnormal spleen weight
- spleen weight fails to increase with dextran sodium sulfate treatment as it does in controls

abnormal tumor necrosis factor level
- less increase in TNF alpha on a high fat diet than in controls
- TNF alpha levels in lungs are unaffected by lipopolysaccharide

altered susceptibility to infection
- days afteinfection and viral replication is increased
- following intranasal infection with 1x10⁴ pfu Vac-GFL (a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses a reporter protein) weight loss is reduced at 1 - 3 and 7 - 8 days after infection but the decrease in body temperature is more severe at 4 - 7 days afteinfection and viral replication is increased

increased circulating interleukin-6 level
- increased levels after 7 days of dextran sodium sulfate treatment

increased susceptibility to viral infection induced morbidity/mortality
- 10 days after intranasal infection with 5 x 10⁵ pfu Vac-GFL 70% of mice succumb unlike wild-type controls that all survive

liver inflammation
- after BDL, necroinflammatory foci and lymphocytic infiltration are obviously less than in controls

lung inflammation
- no increase in white blood cells or neutrophiles in bronchoalveolar fluid
- white blood cells and neutrophiles are not detected by myeloperoxidase assay

behavior/neurological phenotype

abnormal locomotor behavior
- locomotor recovery impaired as measured 4-6 weeks after spinal cord injury

abnormal motor coordination/balance
- impaired recovery of fore-limb-hindlimb coordination as measured 4-6 weeks after spinal cord injury

liver/biliary system phenotype

abnormal hepatocyte morphology
- confluent foci of feathery hepatocyte degeneration due to bile acid cytotoxicity are significantly reduced compared to controls 24 hours after BDL

abnormal liver physiology
- liver protected from ischemia/reperfusion injury

decreased hepatocyte apoptosis
- hepatocyte cell death is reduced compared to controls after BDL

decreased liver triglyceride level
- less increase in hepatic triglycerides on a high fat diet than in controls

focal hepatic necrosis

liver inflammation
- after BDL, necroinflammatory foci and lymphocytic infiltration are obviously less than in controls

mammalian phenotype

hematopoietic system phenotype
- Normal - B cell apoptosis in Peyer's patch is not observed after bile duct ligation (BDL)

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- Normal - after BDL, serum alanine transaminase levels are not different from controls

cardiovascular system phenotype

rectal hemorrhage
- recover from bleeding after 10 days of treatment when 50% of controls are dead
- rectal bleeding after 7 days of dextrose sodium sulfate treatment is reduced relative to controls

mortality/aging

decreased sensitivity to induced morbidity/mortality
- Normal - bacterial lipoteichoic acid exposure after priming by IFNgamma and sensitization with D-galactosamine induces lethal shock in Tlr4-deficient mutants, while Tlr2- and Tlr2/4-doubly deficient mice are protected
- heat-inactivated E. coli exposure results in fatal toxemia as in wild type mice
- Normal - heat-inactivated E. coli exposure results in fatal toxemia as in wild-type mice
- systemic challenge with Myr₃-CSK₄ (a synthetic lipopeptide) after D-galactosamine induces lethal shock in wild-type mice, but mutants are protected

increased susceptibility to viral infection induced morbidity/mortality
- 10 days after intranasal infection with 5 x 10⁵ pfu Vac-GFL 70% of mice succumb unlike wild-type controls that all survive

muscle phenotype

abnormal muscle cell glucose uptake
- insulin stimulated glucose uptake by soleus muscle is not affected by palmitate treatment or by other fatty acids

nervous system phenotype

abnormal microglial cell physiology
- resistant to lipopolysaccharide induced apoptosis

abnormal myelin sheath morphology
- increased myelin destruction at site of spinal cord injury
- no clear delineation between injured and spared tissues

abnormal nervous system morphology

decreased cerebral infarction size
- damage due to middle cerebral artery occlusion is considerably reduced
- infarctions due to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion are smaller in size

decreased neuron apoptosis
- neurons are resistant to apoptosis caused by glucose deficiency

decreased susceptibility to ischemic brain injury
- less inflammation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion
- less nerve cell swelling after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion
- reduced brain edema after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion
- reduced neurological impairment after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

respiratory system phenotype

abnormal pulmonary alveolus morphology
- destruction of normal alveolar structures

abnormal respiratory system morphology

abnormal respiratory system physiology

dilated pulmonary alveolar ducts
- enlarged air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles

enlarged lung
- significantly increased lung volume at 3 months of age in contrast to normal body weights through 12 months

lung inflammation
- no increase in white blood cells or neutrophiles in bronchoalveolar fluid
- white blood cells and neutrophiles are not detected by myeloperoxidase assay

pulmonary edema
- less protein leakage into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after lipopolysaccharide inhalation
- resistant to lipopolysaccharide induced lung interstitial edema

Genotype: Pde6b^rd1/Pde6b^rd1
C3H/HeJ

mammalian phenotype

vision/eye phenotype
- Normal - despite the absence of rods, mice exhibit normal photopotentiation (defined as a 50% augmentation in pupillary light response (PLR) compared to pre-bright light PLR during a one minute dim blue light exposure after bright light exposure)

nervous system phenotype

absent photoreceptor outer segment

vision/eye phenotype

abnormal retinal outer nuclear layer morphology
- nearly complete absence of outer nuclear layer

absent photoreceptor outer segment

retinal degeneration
- entire outer retina is destroyed, however the inner retina remains intact

Genotype: Ahr^b-2/Ahr^b-2
C3H/He

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

increased physiological sensitivity to xenobiotic
- mice are susceptible to the pathological effects of DMBA and exhibit lethality, weight loss, peritonitis, decreased spleen weight, and decreased thymus weight

increased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality
- mice are susceptible to DMBA induced lethality

mortality/aging

increased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality
- mice are susceptible to DMBA induced lethality

Genotype: Gria4^spkw1/Gria4^spkw1
C3H/HeJ

behavior/neurological phenotype

absence seizures
- mice show higher spike wave discharge incidence than C3HeB/FeJ or C57BL/6 mice

nervous system phenotype

absence seizures
- mice show higher spike wave discharge incidence than C3HeB/FeJ or C57BL/6 mice

Phenotype Information

Body Weight Information - JAX^® Mice Strain C3H/HeJ (000659)
Festing Inbred Strain Characteristics: C3H
JAX^® Physiological Data Summary [pdf]
Mouse Phenome Database / SNP Facility

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Norheim F; Hasin-Brumshtein Y; Vergnes L; Chella Krishnan K; Pan C; Seldin MM; Hui ST; Mehrabian M; Zhou Z; Gupta S; Parks BW; Walch A; Reue K; Hofmann SM; Arnold AP; Lusis AJ. 2019. Gene-by-Sex Interactions in Mitochondrial Functions and Cardio-Metabolic Traits. Cell Metab 29(4):932-949.e4PubMed: 30639359 MGI: J:274956
Zimmerman H; Yin Z; Zou F; Everett ET. 2019. Interfrontal Bone Among Inbred Strains of Mice and QTL Mapping. Front Genet 10:291PubMed: 31001328 MGI: J:275176
Geuther BQ; Deats SP; Fox KJ; Murray SA; Braun RE; White JK; Chesler EJ; Lutz CM; Kumar V. 2019. Robust mouse tracking in complex environments using neural networks. Commun Biol 2:124PubMed: 30937403 MGI: J:275426
Byers SL; Payson SJ; Taft RA. 2006. Performance of ten inbred mouse strains following assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Theriogenology 65(9):1716-26PubMed: 16271754 MGI: J:275449
Kutlu MG; Ortega LA; Gould TJ. 2015. Strain-dependent performance in nicotine-induced conditioned place preference. Behav Neurosci 129(1):37-41PubMed: 25546366 MGI: J:275450
O'Leary TP; Savoie V; Brown RE. 2011. Learning, memory and search strategies of inbred mouse strains with different visual abilities in the Barnes maze. Behav Brain Res 216(2):531-42PubMed: 20801160 MGI: J:275452
Brown RE; Wong AA. 2007. The influence of visual ability on learning and memory performance in 13 strains of mice. Learn Mem 14(3):134-44PubMed: 17351136 MGI: J:275455
Savov JD; Whitehead GS; Wang J; Liao G; Usuka J; Peltz G; Foster WM; Schwartz DA. 2004. Ozone-induced acute pulmonary injury in inbred mouse strains. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 31(1):69-77PubMed: 14975936 MGI: J:275715
Liu X; Gershenfeld HK. 2003. An exploratory factor analysis of the Tail Suspension Test in 12 inbred strains of mice and an F2 intercross. Brain Res Bull 60(3):223-31PubMed: 12754084 MGI: J:275778
Bolivar VJ. 2009. Intrasession and intersession habituation in mice: from inbred strain variability to linkage analysis. Neurobiol Learn Mem 92(2):206-14PubMed: 19496240 MGI: J:275782
Telias M; Denlinger B; Helft Z; Thornton C; Beckwith-Cohen B; Kramer RH. 2019. Retinoic Acid Induces Hyperactivity, and Blocking Its Receptor Unmasks Light Responses and Augments Vision in Retinal Degeneration. Neuron 102(3):574-586.e5PubMed: 30876849 MGI: J:275802
Frick A; Fedoriw Y; Richards K; Damania B; Parks B; Suzuki O; Benton CS; Chan E; Thomas RS; Wiltshire T. 2015. Immune cell-based screening assay for response to anticancer agents: applications in pharmacogenomics. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 8:81-98PubMed: 25897258 MGI: J:275938
Benton CS; Miller BH; Skwerer S; Suzuki O; Schultz LE; Cameron MD; Marron JS; Pletcher MT; Wiltshire T. 2012. Evaluating genetic markers and neurobiochemical analytes for fluoxetine response using a panel of mouse inbred strains. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 221(2):297-315PubMed: 22113448 MGI: J:275939
Vinyard CJ; Payseur BA. 2008. Of mice and mammals: utilizing classical inbred mice to study the genetic architecture of function and performance in mammals. Integr Comp Biol 48(3):324-37PubMed: 21669795 MGI: J:275940
Tomasini-Johansson B; Mosher DF. 2009. Plasma fibronectin concentration in inbred mouse strains. Thromb Haemost 102(6):1278-80PubMed: 19967162 MGI: J:275941
Thomsen M; Ralph RJ; Caine SB. 2011. Psychomotor stimulation by dopamine D(1)-like but not D(2)-like agonists in most mouse strains. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 19(5):342-60PubMed: 21843011 MGI: J:275942
Thomsen M; Caine SB. 2011. Psychomotor stimulant effects of cocaine in rats and 15 mouse strains. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 19(5):321-41PubMed: 21843010 MGI: J:275943
Schoenrock SA; Oreper D; Young N; Ervin RB; Bogue MA; Valdar W; Tarantino LM. 2016. Ovariectomy results in inbred strain-specific increases in anxiety-like behavior in mice. Physiol Behav 167:404-412PubMed: 27693591 MGI: J:275944
Wooley CM; Xing S; Burgess RW; Cox GA; Seburn KL. 2009. Age, experience and genetic background influence treadmill walking in mice. Physiol Behav 96(2):350-61PubMed: 19027767 MGI: J:275950
Bradford BU; Lock EF; Kosyk O; Kim S; Uehara T; Harbourt D; DeSimone M; Threadgill DW; Tryndyak V; Pogribny IP; Bleyle L; Koop DR; Rusyn I. 2011. Interstrain differences in the liver effects of trichloroethylene in a multistrain panel of inbred mice. Toxicol Sci 120(1):206-17PubMed: 21135412 MGI: J:275951
Maroteaux G; Loos M; van der Sluis S; Koopmans B; Aarts E; van Gassen K; Geurts A; Largaespada DA; Spruijt BM; Stiedl O; Smit AB; Verhage M. 2012. High-throughput phenotyping of avoidance learning in mice discriminates different genotypes and identifies a novel gene. Genes Brain Behav 11(7):772-84PubMed: 22846151 MGI: J:275952
Tsuchiya M; Ji C; Kosyk O; Shymonyak S; Melnyk S; Kono H; Tryndyak V; Muskhelishvili L; Pogribny IP; Kaplowitz N; Rusyn I. 2012. Interstrain differences in liver injury and one-carbon metabolism in alcohol-fed mice. Hepatology 56(1):130-9PubMed: 22307928 MGI: J:275956
Lin X; Yue P; Chen Z; Schonfeld G. 2005. Hepatic triglyceride contents are genetically determined in mice: results of a strain survey. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 288(6):G1179-89PubMed: 15591160 MGI: J:275968
Metten P; Crabbe JC. 2005. Alcohol withdrawal severity in inbred mouse (Mus musculus) strains. Behav Neurosci 119(4):911-25PubMed: 16187819 MGI: J:276057
Ishiwatari Y; Bachmanov AA. 2012. NaCl taste thresholds in 13 inbred mouse strains. Chem Senses 37(6):497-508PubMed: 22293936 MGI: J:276118
Lewis SR; Ahmed S; Dym C; Khaimova E; Kest B; Bodnar RJ. 2005. Inbred mouse strain survey of sucrose intake. Physiol Behav 85(5):546-56PubMed: 15996693 MGI: J:276119
Lad HV; Liu L; Paya-Cano JL; Parsons MJ; Kember R; Fernandes C; Schalkwyk LC. 2010. Behavioural battery testing: evaluation and behavioural outcomes in 8 inbred mouse strains. Physiol Behav 99(3):301-16PubMed: 19931548 MGI: J:276120
Kilikevicius A; Venckunas T; Zelniene R; Carroll AM; Lionikaite S; Ratkevicius A; Lionikas A. 2013. Divergent physiological characteristics and responses to endurance training among inbred mouse strains. Scand J Med Sci Sports 23(5):657-68PubMed: 22414113 MGI: J:276367
Avila JJ; Kim SK; Massett MP. 2017. Differences in Exercise Capacity and Responses to Training in 24 Inbred Mouse Strains. Front Physiol 8:974PubMed: 29249981 MGI: J:276478
Chen YG; Tsaih SW; Serreze DV. 2012. Genetic control of murine invariant natural killer T-cell development dynamically differs dependent on the examined tissue type. Genes Immun 13(2):164-74PubMed: 21938016 MGI: J:276531
Crabbe JC; Metten P; Yu CH; Schlumbohm JP; Cameron AJ; Wahlsten D. 2003. Genotypic differences in ethanol sensitivity in two tests of motor incoordination. J Appl Physiol (1985) 95(4):1338-51PubMed: 12704090 MGI: J:276533
Berndt A; Leme AS; Williams LK; Von Smith R; Savage HS; Stearns TM; Tsaih SW; Shapiro SD; Peters LL; Paigen B; Svenson KL. 2011. Comparison of unrestrained plethysmography and forced oscillation for identifying genetic variability of airway responsiveness in inbred mice. Physiol Genomics 43(1):1-11PubMed: 20823217 MGI: J:276536
O'Leary TP; Gunn RK; Brown RE. 2013. What are we measuring when we test strain differences in anxiety in mice? Behav Genet 43(1):34-50PubMed: 23288504 MGI: J:276587
Leme AS; Berndt A; Williams LK; Tsaih SW; Szatkiewicz JP; Verdugo R; Paigen B; Shapiro SD. 2010. A survey of airway responsiveness in 36 inbred mouse strains facilitates gene mapping studies and identification of quantitative trait loci. Mol Genet Genomics 283(4):317-26PubMed: 20143096 MGI: J:276589
Schauwecker PE. 2012. Strain differences in seizure-induced cell death following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Neurobiol Dis 45(1):297-304PubMed: 21878392 MGI: J:276609
Deschepper CF; Olson JL; Otis M; Gallo-Payet N. 2004. Characterization of blood pressure and morphological traits in cardiovascular-related organs in 13 different inbred mouse strains. J Appl Physiol (1985) 97(1):369-76PubMed: 15047670 MGI: J:276748
Loos M; van der Sluis S; Bochdanovits Z; van Zutphen IJ; Pattij T; Stiedl O; Smit AB; Spijker S. 2009. Activity and impulsive action are controlled by different genetic and environmental factors. Genes Brain Behav 8(8):817-28PubMed: 19751396 MGI: J:276805
Jones BG; Sealy RE; Penkert RR; Surman SL; Maul RW; Neale G; Xu B; Gearhart PJ; Hurwitz JL. 2019. Complex sex-biased antibody responses: estrogen receptors bind estrogen response elements centered within immunoglobulin heavy chain gene enhancers. Int Immunol 31(3):141-156PubMed: 30407507 MGI: J:276967
Orgel K; Smeekens JM; Ye P; Fotsch L; Guo R; Miller DR; Pardo-Manuel de Villena F; Burks AW; Ferris MT; Kulis MD. 2019. Genetic diversity between mouse strains allows identification of the CC027/GeniUnc strain as an orally reactive model of peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 143(3):1027-1037.e7PubMed: 30342892 MGI: J:277753
Tang G; Yao J; Shen R; Ji A; Ma K; Cong B; Wang F; Zhu L; Wang X; Ding Y; Zhang B. 2018. Reduced inflammatory factor expression facilitates recovery after sciatic nerve injury in TLR4 mutant mice. Int Immunopharmacol 55:77-85PubMed: 29227824 MGI: J:278384
Possamai LA; McPhail MJ; Khamri W; Wu B; Concas D; Harrison M; Williams R; Cox RD; Cox IJ; Anstee QM; Thursz MR. 2015. The role of intestinal microbiota in murine models of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Liver Int 35(3):764-73PubMed: 25244648 MGI: J:278566
Goo YS; Ahn KN; Song YJ; Ahn SH; Han SK; Ryu SB; Kim KH. 2011. Spontaneous Oscillatory Rhythm in Retinal Activities of Two Retinal Degeneration (rd1 and rd10) Mice. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 15(6):415-22PubMed: 22359480 MGI: J:280158
Fujiwara M; Cinader B. 1974. Cellular aspects of tolerance. IV. Strain variations of tolerance induceability. Cell Immunol 12(1):11-29PubMed: 4142413 MGI: J:280896
Hutton JJ; Gross SR. 1970. Chemical induction of hepatic porphyria in inbred strains of mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 141(1):284-92PubMed: 5480116 MGI: J:280906
Nikolakopoulou AM; Montagne A; Kisler K; Dai Z; Wang Y; Huuskonen MT; Sagare AP; Lazic D; Sweeney MD; Kong P; Wang M; Owens NC; Lawson EJ; Xie X; Zhao Z; Zlokovic BV. 2019. Pericyte loss leads to circulatory failure and pleiotrophin depletion causing neuron loss. Nat Neurosci 22(7):1089-1098PubMed: 31235908 MGI: J:281538
Elmer GI; George FR. 1995. Genetic differences in the operant rate-depressant effects of ethanol between four inbred mouse strains. Behav Pharmacol 6(8):794-800PubMed: 11224382 MGI: J:31091
Zhang LY; Levitt RC; Kleeberger SR. 1995. Differential susceptibility to ozone-induced airways hyperreactivity in inbred strains of mice. Exp Lung Res 21(4):503-18PubMed: 7588439 MGI: J:31117
Beamer WG; Donahue LR; Rosen CJ; Baylink DJ. 1996. Genetic variability in adult bone density among inbred strains of mice. Bone 18(5):397-403PubMed: 8739896 MGI: J:33789
Trune DR; Kempton JB; Mitchell C. 1996. Auditory function in the C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeSnJ mouse strains. Hear Res 96(1-2):41-5PubMed: 8817305 MGI: J:34731
Bergeron AJ; Yohe HC. 1996. Reclassification of the BXH11/Ty mouse as an endotoxin- hyporesponsive strain. J Endotoxin Res 3(2):165-8MGI: J:35005
John SW; Hagaman JR; MacTaggart TE; Peng L; Smithes O. 1997. Intraocular pressure in inbred mouse strains. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 38(1):249-53PubMed: 9008647 MGI: J:38280
Machleder D; Ivandic B; Welch C; Castellani L; Reue K; Lusis AJ. 1997. Complex genetic control of HDL levels in mice in response to an atherogenic diet. Coordinate regulation of HDL levels and bile acid metabolism. J Clin Invest 99(6):1406-19PubMed: 9077551 MGI: J:38473
Belknap JK; Riggan J; Cross S; Young ER; Gallaher EJ; Crabbe JC. 1998. Genetic determinants of morphine activity and thermal responses in 15 inbred mouse strains Pharmacol Biochem Behav 59(2):353-60PubMed: 9476981 MGI: J:46034
Crabbe JC; Gallaher EJ; Cross SJ; Belknap JK. 1998. Genetic determinants of sensitivity to diazepam in inbred mice. Behav Neurosci 112(3):668-77PubMed: 9676982 MGI: J:48988
Roberts JE; Watters JW; Ballard JD; Dietrich WF. 1998. Ltx1, a mouse locus that influences the susceptibility of macrophages to cytolysis caused by intoxication with Bacillus anthracis lethal factor, maps to chromosome 11. Mol Microbiol 29(2):581-91PubMed: 9720874 MGI: J:49726
Sultzer BM. 1968. Genetic control of leucocyte responses to endotoxin. Nature 219(160):1253-4PubMed: 4877918 MGI: J:5087
Mogil JS; Wilson SG; Bon K; Lee SE; Chung K; Raber P; Pieper JO; Hain HS; Belknap JK; Hubert L; Elmer GI; Chung JM; Devor M. 1999. Heritability of nociception I: responses of 11 inbred mouse strains on 12 measures of nociception. Pain 80(1-2):67-82PubMed: 10204719 MGI: J:54425
Lolley RN; Schmidt SY; Farber DB. 1974. Alterations in cyclic AMP metabolism associated with photoreceptor cell degeneration in the C3H mouse. J Neurochem 22(5):701-7PubMed: 4366113 MGI: J:5463
Farber DB; Lolley RN. 1974. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate: elevation in degenerating photoreceptor cells of the C3H mouse retina. Science 186(4162):449-51PubMed: 4369896 MGI: J:5484
Glode LM; Rosenstreich DL. 1976. Genetic control of B cell activation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide is mediated by multiple distinct genes or alleles. J Immunol 117(6):2061-6PubMed: 792337 MGI: J:5724
Watson J. 1977. Differentiation of B lymphocytes in C3H/HeJ mice: the induction of Ia antigens by lipopolysaccharide. J Immunol 118(3):1103-8PubMed: 300386 MGI: J:5790
De Sanctis GT; Singer JB; Jiao A; Yandava CN; Lee YH; Haynes TC; Lander ES; Beier DR; Drazen JM. 1999. Quantitative trait locus mapping of airway responsiveness to chromosomes 6 and 7 in inbred mice. Am J Physiol 277(6 Pt 1):L1118-23PubMed: 10600881 MGI: J:59047
Moeller GR; Terry L; Snyderman R. 1978. The inflammatory response and resistance to endotoxin in mice. J Immunol 120(1):116-23PubMed: 627714 MGI: J:5936
McElwee KJ; Boggess D; Miller J; King LE Jr; Sundberg JP. 1999. Spontaneous alopecia areata-like hair loss in one congenic and seven inbred laboratory mouse strains J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 4(3):202-6PubMed: 10674366 MGI: J:60482
Ewart SL; Kuperman D; Schadt E; Tankersley C; Grupe A; Shubitowski DM; Peltz G; Wills-Karp M. 2000. Quantitative trait loci controlling allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in inbred mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 23(4):537-45PubMed: 11017920 MGI: J:66641
Bolivar VJ; Caldarone BJ; Reilly AA; Flaherty L. 2000. Habituation of activity in an open field: A survey of inbred strains and F1 hybrids. Behav Genet 30(4):285-93PubMed: 11206083 MGI: J:67085
Little CC; Murray WS. 1969. Reproductive effectiveness in crosses between five inbred strains of mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 42(2):219-25PubMed: 5765462 MGI: J:69280
Kamiya K; Takahashi K; Kitamura K; Momoi T; Yoshikawa Y. 2001. Mitosis and apoptosis in postnatal auditory system of the C3H/He strain(1). Brain Res 901(1-2):296-302PubMed: 11368980 MGI: J:69507
Bolivar VJ; Pooler O; Flaherty L. 2001. Inbred strain variation in contextual and cued fear conditioning behavior. Mamm Genome 12(8):651-6PubMed: 11471061 MGI: J:70826
Glant TT; Bardos T; Vermes C; Chandrasekaran R; Valdez JC; Otto JM; Gerard D; Velins S; Lovasz G; Zhang J; Mikecz K; Finnegan A. 2001. Variations in susceptibility to proteoglycan-induced arthritis and spondylitis among C3H substrains of mice: evidence of genetically acquired resistance to autoimmune disease. Arthritis Rheum 44(3):682-92PubMed: 11263784 MGI: J:71295
Crabbe JC; Metten P; Gallaher EJ; Belknap JK. 2002. Genetic determinants of sensitivity to pentobarbital in inbred mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 161(4):408-16PubMed: 12073169 MGI: J:77863
Bouwknecht JA; Paylor R. 2002. Behavioral and physiological mouse assays for anxiety: a survey in nine mouse strains. Behav Brain Res 136(2):489-501PubMed: 12429412 MGI: J:80397
Bachmanov AA; Beauchamp GK; Tordoff MG. 2002. Voluntary consumption of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and NH4Cl solutions by 28 mouse strains. Behav Genet 32(6):445-57PubMed: 12467342 MGI: J:80489
Bachmanov AA; Reed DR; Beauchamp GK; Tordoff MG. 2002. Food intake, water intake, and drinking spout side preference of 28 mouse strains. Behav Genet 32(6):435-43PubMed: 12467341 MGI: J:80495
Welkos SL; Keener TJ; Gibbs PH. 1986. Differences in susceptibility of inbred mice to Bacillus anthracis. Infect Immun 51(3):795-800PubMed: 3081444 MGI: J:8197
Rustay NR; Wahlsten D; Crabbe JC. 2003. Assessment of genetic susceptibility to ethanol intoxication in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(5):2917-22PubMed: 12584362 MGI: J:82386
Wahlsten D; Metten P; Crabbe JC. 2003. A rating scale for wildness and ease of handling laboratory mice: results for 21 inbred strains tested in two laboratories. Genes Brain Behav 2(2):71-9PubMed: 12884964 MGI: J:83104
Wahlsten D; Metten P; Crabbe JC. 2003. Survey of 21 inbred mouse strains in two laboratories reveals that BTBR T/+ tf/tf has severely reduced hippocampal commissure and absent corpus callosum. Brain Res 971(1):47-54PubMed: 12691836 MGI: J:83159
Sundberg JP; Boggess D; Silva KA; McElwee KJ; King LE; Li R; Churchill G; Cox GA. 2003. Major locus on mouse chromosome 17 and minor locus on chromosome 9 are linked with alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice. J Invest Dermatol 120(5):771-5PubMed: 12713579 MGI: J:83350
DiPetrillo K; Tsaih SW; Sheehan S; Johns C; Kelmenson P; Gavras H; Churchill GA; Paigen B. 2004. Genetic analysis of blood pressure in C3H/HeJ and SWR/J mice. Physiol Genomics 17(2):215-20PubMed: 14996992 MGI: J:89267
Volkman SK; Galecki AT; Burke DT; Paczas MR; Moalli MR; Miller RA; Goldstein SA. 2003. Quantitative trait loci for femoral size and shape in a genetically heterogeneous mouse population. J Bone Miner Res 18(8):1497-505PubMed: 12929939 MGI: J:94352

Additional - Hrh1^Bphs-r related

Additional - Ahr^b-2 related

Additional - Cd5^a related

Additional - Cox7a2l^l related

Additional - Gria4^spkw1 related

Additional - Mx1^s1 related

Additional - Pcnx2^C3H/HeJ related

Additional - Pde6b^rd1 related

Additional - Tlr4^Lps-d related

Additional - In(6)1J related

Technical Support

Contact Technical Support

Genotyping Protocols
- End Point Analysis:Tlr4^Lps-d
- Genotyping resources and troubleshooting
Inbred mouse strains are maintained through sibling (sister x brother) matings; no genotyping required.
Breeding Considerations

This strain is a good breeder.
- Additional Breeding and Husbandry Support
Mating System
- Sibling x Sibling
Appearance
- agouti
  Related Genotype: A/A
Citation
When using the C3H mouse strain in a publication, please include JAX stock #000659 in your Materials and Methods section.

Animal Health Reports

Facility Barrier Level Descriptions

AX29 (Maximum)

EM02 (Maximum)

RB09 (Maximum)

Pricing & Availability

Readily Available

Domestic
International

Live Mouse

Age

Genotype

Price

weeks

Cryorecovery - Pricing

Service	Genotype	Price
	Inbred, 1 pair minimum will be supplied

We will fulfill your order by providing at least two carriers for each strain ordered. The total number, sex, and genotypes provided will vary, although typically 8 or more animals are provided. Please check genotypes which will be recovered. While the genotypes of all animals produced will be communicated to you prior to scheduling shipment, the genotypes of animals provided may not reflect the mating scheme and genotypes described in the strain description. Animals are typically ready to ship in 11-14 weeks. If a second recovery is required to produce the minimum number of animals, then delivery time would increase to approximately 25 weeks. If we fail to produce animals of the correct genotype, you will not be charged. We cannot guarantee the reproductive success of mice shipped to your facility. If the mice are lost after the first three days (post-arrival) or do not produce progeny at your facility, a new order and fee will be necessary.

Cryorecovery to establish a Dedicated Supply for greater quantities of mice. Mice recovered can be used to establish a dedicated colony to contractually supply you mice according to your requirements. Price by quotation.

Related Products and Services

Mouse ES Cells	C3H/HeJ-PB151.24 mES cells	$695.00
Mouse ES Cells	C3H/HeJ-PRX-C3H #2 mES cells	$995.00
Mouse ES Cells	C3H*K/HeJ AC386/GrsrJ mES cells	$995.00
Mouse ES Cells	C3H/HeJ-PB151.24 mES cells	$695.00
Mouse ES Cells	C3H/HeJ-PRX-C3H #2 mES cells	$995.00
Mouse ES Cells	C3H*K/HeJ AC386/GrsrJ mES cells	$995.00
Mouse ES Cells	C3H/HeJ-PB151.24 mES cells	$695.00
Mouse ES Cells	C3H/HeJ-PRX-C3H #2 mES cells	$995.00
Mouse ES Cells	C3H*K/HeJ AC386/GrsrJ mES cells	$995.00
Mouse ES Cells	C3H/HeJ-PB151.24 mES cells	$695.00
Mouse ES Cells	C3H/HeJ-PRX-C3H #2 mES cells	$995.00
Mouse ES Cells	C3H*K/HeJ AC386/GrsrJ mES cells	$995.00

Payment Terms and Conditions

Terms are granted by individual review and stated on the customer invoice(s) and account statement. These transactions are payable in U.S. currency within the granted terms. Payment for services, products, shipping containers, and shipping costs that are rendered are expected within the payment terms indicated on the invoice or stated by contract. Invoices and account balances in arrears of stated terms may result in The Jackson Laboratory pursuing collection activities including but not limited to outside agencies and court filings.

The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.

Terms Of Use

Terms of Use

General Terms and Conditions

Questions about Terms of Use

Licensing Information

Phone: 207-288-6470

Email: TechTran@jax.org

JAX® Mice, Products & Services Conditions of Use

"MICE" means mouse strains, their progeny derived by inbreeding or crossbreeding, unmodified derivatives from mouse strains or their progeny supplied by The Jackson Laboratory ("JACKSON"). "PRODUCT(S)" means biological materials supplied by JACKSON, and their derivatives. "SERVICES" means projects conducted by JACKSON for other parties that may include but are not limited to the use of MICE or PRODUCTS. "RECIPIENT" means each recipient of MICE, PRODUCTS, or SERVICES provided by JACKSON including each institution, its employees and other researchers under its control. MICE or PRODUCTS shall not be: (i) used for any purpose other than internal research, (ii) sold or otherwise provided to any third party for any use, or (iii) provided to any agent or other third party to provide breeding or other services. Acceptance of MICE, PRODUCTS or SERVICES from JACKSON shall be deemed as agreement by RECIPIENT to these conditions, and departure from these conditions requires JACKSON’s prior written authorization.

No Warranty

MICE, PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ARE PROVIDED "AS IS". JACKSON EXTENDS NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, WITH RESPECT TO MICE, PRODUCTS OR SERVICES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.

Credit for PRODUCTS or SERVICES

In case of dissatisfaction for a valid reason and claimed in writing by a purchaser within ninety (90) days of receipt of, PRODUCTS or SERVICES, JACKSON will, at its option, provide credit or replacement for the PRODUCT received or the SERVICES provided; JACKSON makes no other representations and this shall be the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. Please note specific policy for live mice.

Animal Care and Use for SERVICES

Consistent with the requirement for a written understanding regarding animal care and use, the JACKSON Animal Care and Use Committee will review the animal care and use protocol(s) associated with any SERVICES to be performed at JACKSON, and JACKSON shall have ultimate responsibility and authority for the care of animals while on site or in JACKSON custody.

No Liability

In no event shall JACKSON, its trustees, directors, officers, employees, and affiliates be liable for any causes of action or damages, including any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, arising out of the provision of MICE, PRODUCTS, or SERVICES, including economic damage or injury to property and lost profits, and including any damage arising from acts or negligence on the part of JACKSON, its agents or employees. Unless prohibited by law, in purchasing or receiving MICE, PRODUCTS, or SERVICES from JACKSON, purchaser or recipient, or any party claiming by or through them, expressly releases and discharges JACKSON from all such causes of action or damages, and further agrees to defend and indemnify JACKSON from any costs or damages arising out of any third party claims.

MICE, PRODUCTS or SERVICES are to be used in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable governmental rules and regulations.

The foregoing represents the General Terms and Conditions applicable to JACKSON’s MICE, PRODUCTS or SERVICES. In addition, special terms and conditions of sale of certain MICE, PRODUCTS, or SERVICES may be set forth separately in JACKSON web pages, catalogs, price lists, contracts, and/or other documents, and these special terms and conditions shall also govern the sale of these MICE, PRODUCTS and SERVICES by JACKSON, and by its licensees and distributors.

Acceptance of delivery of MICE, PRODUCTS or SERVICES shall be deemed agreement to these terms and conditions. No purchase order or other document transmitted by purchaser or recipient that may modify the terms and conditions hereof, shall be in any way binding on JACKSON, and instead the terms and conditions set forth herein, including any special terms and conditions set forth separately, shall govern the sale of MICE, PRODUCTS or SERVICES by JACKSON.

Also Known As: C3H Heston, C3, C3H

Genetic overview

Research Applications

Base Price

Important Note

Detailed Description

Development

Selected References

Hrh1Bphs-r

Allele Symbol: Hrh1Bphs-r

Tlr4Lps-d

Allele Symbol: Tlr4Lps-d

In(6)1J

Allele Symbol: In(6)1J

Pcnx2C3H/HeJ

Allele Symbol: Pcnx2C3H/HeJ

Mx1s1

Allele Symbol: Mx1s1

Ahrb-2

Allele Symbol: Ahrb-2

Cd5a

Allele Symbol: Cd5a

Gria4spkw1

Allele Symbol: Gria4spkw1

Pde6brd1

Allele Symbol: Pde6brd1

Cox7a2ll

Allele Symbol: Cox7a2ll

Disease Terms

Model with phenotypic similarity to human disease where etiologies involve orthologs. Human genes are associated with this disease. Orthologs of those genes appear in the mouse genotype(s).

Research Areas By Genotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Genotype: Tlr4Lps-d related

Genotype: Pde6brd1 related

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

Genotype: In(6)1J/In(6)1JC3H/HeJ

normal phenotype

Genotype: Tlr4Lps-d/Tlr4Lps-dinvolves: C3H/HeJ

behavior/neurological phenotype

immune system phenotype

integument phenotype

mammalian phenotype

nervous system phenotype

skeleton phenotype

cellular phenotype

hematopoietic system phenotype

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

Genotype: Tlr4Lps-d/Tlr4Lps-dC3H/HeJ-Tlr4

adipose tissue phenotype

cellular phenotype

skeleton phenotype

digestive/alimentary phenotype

growth/size/body region phenotype

hematopoietic system phenotype

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

immune system phenotype

behavior/neurological phenotype

liver/biliary system phenotype

mammalian phenotype

cardiovascular system phenotype

mortality/aging

muscle phenotype

nervous system phenotype

respiratory system phenotype

Genotype: Pde6brd1/Pde6brd1C3H/HeJ

mammalian phenotype

nervous system phenotype

vision/eye phenotype

Genotype: Ahrb-2/Ahrb-2C3H/He

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

mortality/aging

Genotype: Gria4spkw1/Gria4spkw1C3H/HeJ

behavior/neurological phenotype

nervous system phenotype

Phenotype Information

References

Additional References

Additional - Hrh1Bphs-r related

Additional - Ahrb-2 related

Additional - Cd5a related

Hrh1^Bphs-r

Allele Symbol: Hrh1^Bphs-r

Tlr4^Lps-d

Allele Symbol: Tlr4^Lps-d

Pcnx2^C3H/HeJ

Allele Symbol: Pcnx2^C3H/HeJ

Mx1^s1

Allele Symbol: Mx1^s1

Ahr^b-2

Allele Symbol: Ahr^b-2

Cd5^a

Allele Symbol: Cd5^a

Gria4^spkw1

Allele Symbol: Gria4^spkw1

Pde6b^rd1

Allele Symbol: Pde6b^rd1

Cox7a2l^l

Allele Symbol: Cox7a2l^l

Genotype: Tlr4^Lps-d related

Genotype: Pde6b^rd1 related

Genotype: In(6)1J/In(6)1J
C3H/HeJ

Genotype: Tlr4^Lps-d/Tlr4^Lps-d
involves: C3H/HeJ

Genotype: Tlr4^Lps-d/Tlr4^Lps-d
C3H/HeJ-Tlr4

Genotype: Pde6b^rd1/Pde6b^rd1
C3H/HeJ

Genotype: Ahr^b-2/Ahr^b-2
C3H/He

Genotype: Gria4^spkw1/Gria4^spkw1
C3H/HeJ

Additional - Hrh1^Bphs-r related

Additional - Ahr^b-2 related

Additional - Cd5^a related

Additional - Cox7a2l^l related

Additional - Gria4^spkw1 related

Additional - Mx1^s1 related

Additional - Pcnx2^C3H/HeJ related

Additional - Pde6b^rd1 related

Additional - Tlr4^Lps-d related