Originally inbred at the Rockefeller Institute, AKR mice are widely used in cancer research for their high leukemia incidence (60-90%) and in immunology as a source of the Thy1.1 (theta AKR) antigen. AKR/J mice are viremic from birth, and express the ecotropic retrovirus AKV in all tissues. The hair interior defect (hid) mutation, a strain characteristic of AKR mice, causes alterations in hair development that is only evident microscopically. Adrenocortical lipid depletion (ald) in AKR mice is caused by a mutation in sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (Soat1), and leads to a truncated SOAT1 protein. AKR/J mice are relatively resistant to aortic lesion formation on a semi-synthetic high fat diet and are hyporesponsive to diets containing high levels of fat and cholesterol.

Selected References

Doering CH; Shire JG; Kessler S; Clayton RB. 1973. Genetic and biochemical studies of the adrenal lipid depletion phenotype in mice. Biochem Genet 8(1):101-11. PubMed: 4348256 MGI: J:5333
Jiao S; Cole TG; Kitchens RT; Pfleger B; Schonfeld G. 1990. Genetic heterogeneity of plasma lipoproteins in the mouse: control of low density lipoprotein particle sizes by genetic factors. J Lipid Res 31(3):467-77. PubMed: 1971301 MGI: J:15484
Kirk EA; Moe GL; Caldwell MT; Lernmark JA; Wilson DL; LeBoeuf RC. 1995. Hyper- and hypo-responsiveness to dietary fat and cholesterol among inbred mice: searching for level and variability genes. J Lipid Res 36(7):1522-32. PubMed: 7595076 MGI: J:28648
Meiner VL; Welch CL; Cases S; Myers HM; Sande E; Lusis AJ; Farese RV Jr. 1998. Adrenocortical lipid depletion gene (ald) in AKR mice is associated with an acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) mutation. J Biol Chem 273(2):1064-9. PubMed: 9422770 MGI: J:42073
Molne K; Brabrand G. 1968. Spontaneous adrenocortical lipid depletion in mice. Relationship to general growth, degeneration of adrenal X zone, and maturation of seminiferous epithelium. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 72(4):478-90. PubMed: 5693089 MGI: J:5089
Nishina PM; Wang J; Toyofuku W; Kuypers FA; Ishida BY; Paigen B. 1993. Atherosclerosis and plasma and liver lipids in nine inbred strains of mice. Lipids 28(7):599-605. PubMed: 8355588 MGI: J:13267
Paigen B. 1995. Genetics of responsiveness to high-fat and high- cholesterol diets in the mouse. Am J Clin Nutr 62(2):458S-462S. PubMed: 7625360 MGI: J:28248
Paigen B; Ishida BY; Verstuyft J; Winters RB; Albee D. 1990. Atherosclerosis susceptibility differences among progenitors of recombinant inbred strains of mice. Arteriosclerosis 10(2):316-23. PubMed: 2317166 MGI: J:22615
Paigen B; Morrow A; Brandon C; Mitchell D; Holmes P. 1985. Variation in susceptibility to atherosclerosis among inbred strains of mice. Atherosclerosis 57(1):65-73. PubMed: 3841001 MGI: J:109950
Petkov PM; Cassell MA; Sargent EE; Donnelly CJ; Robinson P; Crew V; Asquith S; Haar RV; Wiles MV. 2004. Development of a SNP genotyping panel for genetic monitoring of the laboratory mouse. Genomics 83(5):902-11. PubMed: 15081119 MGI: J:89298
Timmermans S; Van Montagu M; Libert C. 2017. Complete overview of protein-inactivating sequence variations in 36 sequenced mouse inbred strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114(34):9158-9163. PubMed: 28784771 MGI: J:244295
Uelmen PJ; Oka K; Sullivan M; Chang CC; Chang TY; Chan L. 1995. Tissue-specific expression and cholesterol regulation of acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in mice. Molecular cloning of mouse ACAT cDNA, chromosomal localization, and regulation of ACAT in vivo and in vitro. J Biol Chem 270(44):26192-201. PubMed: 7592824 MGI: J:29712
West DB; Boozer CN; Moody DL; Atkinson RL. 1992. Dietary obesity in nine inbred mouse strains. Am J Physiol 262(6 Pt 2):R1025-32. PubMed: 1621856 MGI: J:1348

View All References

Genetics

Ahr^d

Allele Symbol: Ahr^d

Allele Name	d variant
Allele Type	Not Applicable
Allele Synonym(s)	Ah^d; Ah^k; AhRd; Ahhⁿ; ah; in
Gene Symbol and Name	Ahr, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor
Gene Synonym(s)	Ah; Ahh; Ahre; In; aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness; aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase; bHLHe76; dioxin receptor; inflammatory reactivity
Strain of Origin	Not Applicable
Chromosome	12
General Note	Strain of origin - this allele was found in DBA/2J, AKR/J, 129, SWR, RF, NZB strains
Molecular Note	This allele encodes a 104 kDa receptor that is stabilized by molybdate and has an affinity for ligand 10-100 fold lower than that of the receptor produced by the C57BL/6J allele. PCR sequencing of cDNA revealed ten nucleotide differences between the coding sequences of the DBA/2J and C57BL/6J receptors. Five of the ten differences would cause amino acid changes. One of these, an apparent T to C transition replaces the opal termination codon in the C57BL/6J allele with an arginine codon in the DBA/2J allele. This change would extend translation of the DBA/2J mRNA by 43 amino acids, accounting for the larger size of the peptide produced by this allele (104 kDa vs 95 kDa for the C57BL/6J allele). A second T to C transition changes a leucine codon in the C57BL/6J allele to a proline codon in the DBA/2J allele, and would likely change secondary structure of the peptide and thus ligand affinity.

Cd5^b

Allele Symbol: Cd5^b

Allele Name	b variant
Allele Type	Spontaneous (Not Applicable)
Allele Synonym(s)	CD5.2; Ly-1.2
Gene Symbol and Name	Cd5, CD5 antigen
Gene Synonym(s)	LEU1; Ly-1; Ly-1; Ly-12; Ly-12; Ly-A; Lyt-1; Lyt-1; T-lymphocyte antigen 1; T1; lymphocyte antigen 1; lymphocyte antigen 12
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	19
Molecular Note	This variant is found in many inbred strains including C57BL/6J, C58/J, AKR/J, SJL/J, SWR. Sequence analysis shows that relative to the a variant of C3H/HeJ the b variant has point mutations that result in isoleucine instead of valine at amino acid 9, glutamine instead of leucine at amino acid 52, and phenylalanine instead of isoleucine at amino acid 71, all within the amino terminal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich D1 domain, in addition to 7 silent point mutations.

Cdh23^ahl

Allele Symbol: Cdh23^ahl

Allele Name	age related hearing loss 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Cdh23^753A; mdfw
Gene Symbol and Name	Cdh23, cadherin 23 (otocadherin)
Gene Synonym(s)	4930542A03Rik; 4930542A03Rik; CDHR23; PITA5; RIKEN cDNA 4930542A03 gene; USH1D; W; age related hearing loss 1; ahl; ahl; bob; bob; bobby; bus; bustling; mdfw; mdfw; modifier of deaf waddler; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 112; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 181; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 252; nmf112; nmf112; nmf181; nmf181; nmf252; nmf252; sals; sals; salsa; v; waltzer
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	10
Molecular Note	Genetic complementation tests have shown allelism between the mdfw (modifier of deaf waddler) locus and the ahl locus. Further analysis has shown this is caused by a G to A transition at nucleotide position 753 of Cdh23. This hypomorphic allele causes in frame skipping of exon 7, which is predicted to delete part of the 2nd and 3rd ectodomains, and cause reduced message stability. Twenty-seven strains classified with ahl and carrying the 753A allele include: CD-1, RBF/DnJ, PL/J, AKR/J, RF/J, BALB/cBy, A/WySnJ, P/J, SENCARA/PtJ, DBA/1J, ALS/LtJ, C58/J, C57BLKS/J, 129P1/ReJ, C57BR/cd, SKH2/J, BUB/Bn, MA/MyJ, LP/J, 129X1/SvJ, NOR/LtJ, A/J, C57BL/6, NOD/LtJ, DBA/2J, ALR/LtJ, C57L/J. Strains classified with ahl that DO NOT carry this mutation include: C3H/HeSnJ, I/LnJ, YBR/Ei, MRL/MpJ.

Hc⁰

Allele Symbol: Hc⁰

Allele Name	deficient
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	C5-; C5-d; C5-def; C5-deficient; Hc^Hfib2; hc^o
Gene Symbol and Name	Hc, hemolytic complement
Gene Synonym(s)	C5; C5; C5D; C5a; C5b; CPAMD4; ECLZB; He; He; Hfib2; Hfib2; hepatic fibrogenesis 2
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	2
General Note	This is an allele characteristic of various inbred mouse strains including the following: A/HeJ, A/J, AKR/J, DBA/2J, NZB/B1NJ, SWR/J, B10.D2/oSnJ Hc was identified as a candidate gene for Abhr2 in a microarray analysis of lung mRNA from A/J, C3H/HeJ, and (A/J x C3H/HeJ)F1 x A/J backcross animals. Hc genotype shows statistically significant correlation to allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsive phenotype. The A/J allele contains a 2 bp deletion resulting in deficient Hc mRNA and protein production and is associated with susceptibility to allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness. (J:108211)
Molecular Note	A 2 base "TA" deletion at positions 62 and 63 of an 83 base pair exon near the 5' end of the gene is found in the following mouse strains: A/HeJ, A/J, AKR/J, DBA/2J, I/LnJ, KK/HlJ, MOLF/EiJ, NZB/B1NJ, RF/J, ST/bJ SWR/J, B10.D2/oSnJ. The consequence of this deletion is the creation of a stop codon starting four bases after the deletion. A truncated product of 216 amino acids is predicted as a result although contradictory reports exist that a larger pro-C5 protein may be synthesized. Nevertheless, macrophages from mouse strains carrying this allele do not secrete complement 5.

Il3ra^m1

Allele Symbol: Il3ra^m1

Allele Name	mutation 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Il3ra^A/J; Il3raⁿ
Gene Symbol and Name	Il3ra, interleukin 3 receptor, alpha chain
Gene Synonym(s)	CD123; Cyrl; IL-3 receptor alpha chain; IL3R; IL3RAY; IL3RX; IL3RY; SUT-1; hIL-3Ra
Strain of Origin	A/J
Chromosome	14
Molecular Note	Sequence analysis revealed A/J mice lack the sequence corresponding to exon 8, which encodes 10 amino acid residues in the extracellular domain. Aberrant splicing was due to a 5 base pair deletion at the branch point in intron 7.

Obq3^AKR/J

Allele Symbol: Obq3^AKR/J

Allele Name	AKR/J
Allele Type	QTL
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Obq3, obesity QTL 3
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	AKR/J
Chromosome	2
General Note	Obq3 exhibits an additive mode of inheritance.
Molecular Note	This allele confers increased adiposity in male animals compared to C57L/J.

Obq4^AKR/J

Allele Symbol: Obq4^AKR/J

Allele Name	AKR/J
Allele Type	QTL
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Obq4, obesity QTL 4
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	AKR/J
Chromosome	17
General Note	Obq4 may also be consistent with an additive mode of inheritance.

Ogg1^m1

Allele Symbol: Ogg1^m1

Allele Name	mutation 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous (Not Applicable)
Allele Synonym(s)	OGG1-R336H
Gene Symbol and Name	Ogg1, 8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1
Gene Synonym(s)	HMMH; HOGG1; MUTM; Mmh; OGH1
Strain of Origin	various
Chromosome	6
Molecular Note	A guanine to adenine change at the fifty-ninth nucleotide in exon 7 resulted in a substitution of the 336th amino acid, arginine, by histidine (R336H) in a putative nuclear localization signal. The mutation led to disruption of the nuclear localization of the enzyme, although the activity remained normal.

Rmcf^s

Allele Symbol: Rmcf^s

Allele Name	MCF sensitive
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Rmcf, resistance to MCF virus
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	5
General Note	This locus controls resistance and susceptibility of cells in tissue culture to infection by mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia viruses. The allele Rmcf^r determines resistance and occurs in strains DBA/1, DBA/2, and CBA/Ca; the allele Rmcf^s determines susceptibility and occurs in strains AKR/J, C57BL/6, BALB/c, CBA/J, NFS, NZB, 129/J, and many others. Heterozygotes are as resistant as the resistant parent or nearly so. Rmcf is different from and independent of Fv1, a locus that controls susceptibility to infection by ecotropic viruses. Rmcf is located on Chr 5 close to Hm near the centromeric end (J:7108). Rmcf^r protects (AKR x CBA/Ca)F1 and (AKR x DBA/2)F1 hybrids from development of spontaneous thymic lymphomas and reduces the incidence of MCF-induced thymic lymphomas (J:7175). It also reduces susceptibility of cells of Sxv^s/Sxv^r mice to exogenous xenotropic viruses (J:7951). In addition, in strains susceptible to Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia, a condition thought to be due to the replication of MCF virus, Rmcf^r increases resistance to the virus-induced erythroleukemia. It may cause resistance by coding for or regulating the production of an MCF-related envelope glycoprotein that blocks the receptor for MCF viruses (J:8074). This conclusion is reinforced by the findings of Buller et al. (J:8497), who showed that the Rmcf^r allele contains an endogenous MCF gp70 env gene and that the Rmcf^s allele, at least in some strains (C57BL/6, CBA/J, and A/WySn), contains a xenotropic gp70 env gene. Presumably the MCF gp70 inhibits exogenous MCF infection in vitro by a mechanism of viral interference.
Molecular Note	This locus controls resistance of cells to infection by mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia viruses. The recessive s (susceptible) allele is found in AKR/J, C57BL/6, BALB/c, CBA/J, NFS, NZB and 129/J.

Soat1^ald

Allele Symbol: Soat1^ald

Allele Name	adrenocortical lipid depletion
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Acact-; Soat1^hid; ald; hid
Gene Symbol and Name	Soat1, sterol O-acyltransferase 1
Gene Synonym(s)	8430426K15Rik; 8430426K15Rik; ACACT; ACAT; ACAT-1; ACAT1; AW550831; Acact; Acact; Acat-1; RIKEN cDNA 8430426K15 gene; SOAT; STAT; acetyl coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase; adrenocortical lipid depletion; ald; expressed sequence AW550831; hair interior defect; hid; hid
Strain of Origin	AKR/O
Chromosome	1
General Note	All AKR sublines are homozygous for Soat1.
Molecular Note	Deletion of 118 bp in the a Soat1 mRNA. This region corresondes to the 5'UTR and the initial coding sequences. In addition, two missense mutations were observed: A1248G resulting in Ile to Val at amino acid 147 and C1422T resulting in His to Tyr at amino acid 205. Other nucleotide differences were observed that did not result in amino acid changes. A truncated protein is expressed from this allele, presumably due to internal initiation.

Disease/Phenotype

Disease Terms

Research Areas By Genotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Cancer Research
- Increased Tumor Incidence
  - Leukemia
  - Leukemia: lymphatic
Cardiovascular Research
- Atherosclerosis
  - Soat1^ald
- Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis
  - Relatively Resistant
Developmental Biology Research
- Lymphoid Tissue Defects
  - hematopoietic defects
Diabetes and Obesity Research
- Hyperglycemia
  - diet-induced, moderate
- Obesity With Diabetes
  - diet-induced
- Type 2 Diabetes (NIDDM)
  - diet-induced
Endocrine Deficiency Research
- Adrenal Cortex Defects
- Hypothalamus/Pituitary Defects
  - Soat1^ald
Internal/Organ Research
- Adrenal Cortex Defects
Metabolism Research
- Enzyme Deficiency
Neurobiology Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss

Genotype: Ahr^d related

Metabolism Research
Research Tools
- Toxicology Research

Genotype: Cdh23^ahl related

Neurobiology Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss
Sensorineural Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss

Genotype: Hc⁰ related

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Immunodeficiency
  - specific complement deficiency
Research Tools
- Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
  - specific complement deficiency, C5 complement

Genotype: Il3ra^m1 related

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- CD Antigens, Antigen Receptors, and Histocompatibility Markers
  - genes regulating susceptibility to infectious disease and endotoxin

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

Genotype: Ahr^d/Ahr^d
AKR

mortality/aging

decreased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality
- mice are resistant to the pathological effects of DMBA including mortality, morbidity and severity of effects

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

decreased physiological sensitivity to xenobiotic
- mice are resistant to the pathological effects of DMBA including mortality, morbidity and severity of effects

decreased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality
- mice are resistant to the pathological effects of DMBA including mortality, morbidity and severity of effects

Genotype: Il3ra^m1/Il3ra^m1
AKR/J

hematopoietic system phenotype

abnormal common myeloid progenitor cell morphology
- CFU-GM assays using bone marrow derived cells yield very few colonies in repsonse to interleukin 3

Genotype: Soat1^ald/Soat1^ald
AKR

integument phenotype

abnormal hair growth
- all AKR strains are homozygous for this mutation
- distal regions of all hair types are especially affected
- homozygotes can be ascertained only by microscopic examination of the hair
- morphology and arrangement of medullary cells are abnormal

abnormal hair medulla
- medulla morphology and arrangement are abnormal
- random and tightly packed medullary cells produce irregularities of hair shaft calibre

abnormal hair shaft morphology
- medullary cell abnormality effects calibre of hair shaft

The following phenotype information is associated with a similar, but not exact match to this JAX^® Mice strain

Genotype: Soat1^ald/Soat1^ald
AKR/O

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype

abnormal adrenal cortex morphology
- adrenal cortex of females is not totally depleted and lipid pattern is variable
- adrenal cortex of males is totally depleted of lipid
- in males adrenocortical lipid depletion coincides roughly with adrenal X-zone degeneration and maturation of seminiferous epithelium
- large doses of ACTH restores lipid concentration and distribution
- onset of adrenocortical lipid depletion takes place in mice between 30 and 40 days of age

abnormal adrenocortical cell morphology
- cells are enriched with mitochondria
- lipid vacuoles are sparse

thymus hyperplasia
- evident from birth

hematopoietic system phenotype

thymus hyperplasia
- evident from birth

immune system phenotype

thymus hyperplasia
- evident from birth

neoplasm

increased leukemia incidence
- high incidence of lymphatic leukemia

Phenotype Information

References

Doering CH; Shire JG; Kessler S; Clayton RB. 1973. Genetic and biochemical studies of the adrenal lipid depletion phenotype in mice. Biochem Genet 8(1):101-11. PubMed: 4348256 MGI: J:5333
Jiao S; Cole TG; Kitchens RT; Pfleger B; Schonfeld G. 1990. Genetic heterogeneity of plasma lipoproteins in the mouse: control of low density lipoprotein particle sizes by genetic factors. J Lipid Res 31(3):467-77. PubMed: 1971301 MGI: J:15484
Kirk EA; Moe GL; Caldwell MT; Lernmark JA; Wilson DL; LeBoeuf RC. 1995. Hyper- and hypo-responsiveness to dietary fat and cholesterol among inbred mice: searching for level and variability genes. J Lipid Res 36(7):1522-32. PubMed: 7595076 MGI: J:28648
Meiner VL; Welch CL; Cases S; Myers HM; Sande E; Lusis AJ; Farese RV Jr. 1998. Adrenocortical lipid depletion gene (ald) in AKR mice is associated with an acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) mutation. J Biol Chem 273(2):1064-9. PubMed: 9422770 MGI: J:42073
Molne K; Brabrand G. 1968. Spontaneous adrenocortical lipid depletion in mice. Relationship to general growth, degeneration of adrenal X zone, and maturation of seminiferous epithelium. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 72(4):478-90. PubMed: 5693089 MGI: J:5089
Nishina PM; Wang J; Toyofuku W; Kuypers FA; Ishida BY; Paigen B. 1993. Atherosclerosis and plasma and liver lipids in nine inbred strains of mice. Lipids 28(7):599-605. PubMed: 8355588 MGI: J:13267
Paigen B. 1995. Genetics of responsiveness to high-fat and high- cholesterol diets in the mouse. Am J Clin Nutr 62(2):458S-462S. PubMed: 7625360 MGI: J:28248
Paigen B; Ishida BY; Verstuyft J; Winters RB; Albee D. 1990. Atherosclerosis susceptibility differences among progenitors of recombinant inbred strains of mice. Arteriosclerosis 10(2):316-23. PubMed: 2317166 MGI: J:22615
Paigen B; Morrow A; Brandon C; Mitchell D; Holmes P. 1985. Variation in susceptibility to atherosclerosis among inbred strains of mice. Atherosclerosis 57(1):65-73. PubMed: 3841001 MGI: J:109950
Petkov PM; Cassell MA; Sargent EE; Donnelly CJ; Robinson P; Crew V; Asquith S; Haar RV; Wiles MV. 2004. Development of a SNP genotyping panel for genetic monitoring of the laboratory mouse. Genomics 83(5):902-11. PubMed: 15081119 MGI: J:89298
Timmermans S; Van Montagu M; Libert C. 2017. Complete overview of protein-inactivating sequence variations in 36 sequenced mouse inbred strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114(34):9158-9163. PubMed: 28784771 MGI: J:244295
Uelmen PJ; Oka K; Sullivan M; Chang CC; Chang TY; Chan L. 1995. Tissue-specific expression and cholesterol regulation of acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in mice. Molecular cloning of mouse ACAT cDNA, chromosomal localization, and regulation of ACAT in vivo and in vitro. J Biol Chem 270(44):26192-201. PubMed: 7592824 MGI: J:29712
West DB; Boozer CN; Moody DL; Atkinson RL. 1992. Dietary obesity in nine inbred mouse strains. Am J Physiol 262(6 Pt 2):R1025-32. PubMed: 1621856 MGI: J:1348

Additional References

Eberhart GP; West DB; Boozer CN; Atkinson RL. 1994. Insulin sensitivity of adipocytes from inbred mouse strains resistant or sensitive to diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol 266(5 Pt 2):R1423-8. PubMed: 8203615 MGI: J:18464
Ewart SL; Kuperman D; Schadt E; Tankersley C; Grupe A; Shubitowski DM; Peltz G; Wills-Karp M. 2000. Quantitative trait loci controlling allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in inbred mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 23(4):537-45. PubMed: 11017920 MGI: J:66641
Festing MF; Blackmore DK. 1971. Life span of specified-pathogen-free (MRC category 4) mice and rats. Lab Anim 5(2):179-92. PubMed: 5166568 MGI: J:22607
Furth J; Seibold HR; Rathbone RR. 1933. Experimental studies on lymphomatosis of mice Am J Cancer 19(3):521-604. MGI: J:25354
Hara T; Ichihara M; Takagi M; Miyajima A. 1995. Interleukin-3 (IL-3) poor-responsive inbred mouse strains carry the identical deletion of a branch point in the IL-3 receptor alpha subunit gene. Blood 85(9):2331-6. PubMed: 7727767 MGI: J:24918
Hoag WG. 1963. Spontaneous cancer in mice Ann N Y Acad Sci 108:805-831. PubMed: 14081516 MGI: J:2434
Hui ST; Parks BW; Org E; Norheim F; Che N; Pan C; Castellani LW; Charugundla S; Dirks DL; Psychogios N; Neuhaus I; Gerszten RE; Kirchgessner T; Gargalovic PS; Lusis AJ. 2015. The genetic architecture of NAFLD among inbred strains of mice. Elife 4:e05607. PubMed: 26067236 MGI: J:223755
International Nomenclature Committee. 1952. COMMITTEE on Standardized Nomenclature for Inbred Strains of Mice Cancer Res 12(8):602-13. PubMed: 14945054 MGI: J:166288
Keane TM; Goodstadt L; Danecek P; White MA; Wong K; Yalcin B; Heger A; Agam A; Slater G; Goodson M; Furlotte NA; Eskin E; Nellaker C; Whitley H; Cleak J; Janowitz D; Hernandez-Pliego P; Edwards A; Belgard TG; Oliver PL; McIntyre RE; Bhomra A; Nicod J; Gan X; Yuan W; van der Weyden L; Steward CA; Bala S; Stalker J; Mott R; Durbin R; Jackson IJ; Czechanski A; Guerra-Assuncao JA; Donahue LR; Reinholdt LG; Payseur BA; Ponting CP; Birney E; Flint J; Adams DJ. 2011. Mouse genomic variation and its effect on phenotypes and gene regulation. Nature 477(7364):289-94. PubMed: 21921910 MGI: J:177037
Menghini P; Di Martino L; Lopetuso LR; Corridoni D; Webster JC; Xin W; Arseneau KO; Lam M; Pizarro TT; Cominelli F. 2017. A novel model of colitis-associated cancer in SAMP1/YitFc mice with Crohn's disease-like ileitis. PLoS One 12(3):e0174121. PubMed: 28301579 MGI: J:247066
Moy SS; Nadler JJ; Young NB; Perez A; Holloway LP; Barbaro RP; Barbaro JR; Wilson LM; Threadgill DW; Lauder JM; Magnuson TR; Crawley JN. 2007. Mouse behavioral tasks relevant to autism: phenotypes of 10 inbred strains. Behav Brain Res 176(1):4-20. PubMed: 16971002 MGI: J:138682
Nilsson UR; Muller-Eberhard HJ. 1967. Deficiency of the fifth component of complement in mice with an inherited complement defect. J Exp Med 125(1):1-16. PubMed: 4959665 MGI: J:5016
Ooi YM; Colten HR. 1979. Genetic defect in secretion of complement C5 in mice. Nature 282(5735):207-8. PubMed: 492335 MGI: J:6214
Roberts JE; Watters JW; Ballard JD; Dietrich WF. 1998. Ltx1, a mouse locus that influences the susceptibility of macrophages to cytolysis caused by intoxication with Bacillus anthracis lethal factor, maps to chromosome 11. Mol Microbiol 29(2):581-91. PubMed: 9720874 MGI: J:49726
Rossmeisl M; Rim JS; Koza RA; Kozak LP. 2003. Variation in type 2 diabetes--related traits in mouse strains susceptible to diet-induced obesity. Diabetes 52(8):1958-66. PubMed: 12882911 MGI: J:86027
Smith BK; Andrews PK; West DB. 2000. Macronutrient diet selection in thirteen mouse strains. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 278(4):R797-805. PubMed: 10749765 MGI: J:61602
Smith BK; West DB; York DA. 1997. Carbohydrate versus fat intake: differing patterns of macronutrient selection in two inbred mouse strains. Am J Physiol 272(1 Pt 2):R357-62. PubMed: 9039029 MGI: J:39025
Taylor BA; Phillips SJ. 1997. Obesity QTLs on mouse chromosomes 2 and 17. Genomics 43(3):249-57. PubMed: 9268627 MGI: J:39947
Trigg MJ. 1972. Hair growth in mouse mutants affecting coat texture. J Zool 168:165-198. MGI: J:15247
West DB; Goudey-Lefevre J; York B; Truett GE. 1994. Dietary obesity linked to genetic loci on chromosomes 9 and 15 in a polygenic mouse model. J Clin Invest 94(4):1410-6. PubMed: 7929816 MGI: J:20700
West DB; Waguespack J; McCollister S. 1995. Dietary obesity in the mouse: interaction of strain with diet composition. Am J Physiol 268(3 Pt 2):R658-65. PubMed: 7900908 MGI: J:24480
West DB; Waguespack J; York B; Goudey-Lefevre J; Price RA. 1994. Genetics of dietary obesity in AKR/J x SWR/J mice: segregation of the trait and identification of a linked locus on chromosome 4. Mamm Genome 5(9):546-52. PubMed: 8000138 MGI: J:20129
Wetsel RA; Fleischer DT; Haviland DL. 1990. Deficiency of the murine fifth complement component (C5). A 2-base pair gene deletion in a 5'-exon. J Biol Chem 265(5):2435-40. PubMed: 2303408 MGI: J:23983
Wheat WH; Wetsel R; Falus A; Tack BF; Strunk RC. 1987. The fifth component of complement (C5) in the mouse. Analysis of the molecular basis for deficiency. J Exp Med 165(5):1442-7. PubMed: 3572304 MGI: J:8690
Xie C; Sharma R; Wang H; Zhou XJ; Mohan C. 2004. Strain distribution pattern of susceptibility to immune-mediated nephritis. J Immunol 172(8):5047-55. PubMed: 15067087 MGI: J:122988

Additional - Ahr^d related

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Chang C; Smith DR; Prasad VS; Sidman CL; Nebert DW; Puga A. 1993. Ten nucleotide differences, five of which cause amino acid changes, are associated with the Ah receptor locus polymorphism of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. Pharmacogenetics 3(6):312-21. PubMed: 8148872 MGI: J:17460
Curran CP; Altenhofen E; Ashworth A; Brown A; Kamau-Cheggeh C; Curran M; Evans A; Floyd R; Fowler J; Garber H; Hays B; Kraemer S; Lang A; Mynhier A; Samuels A; Strohmaier C. 2012. Ahrd Cyp1a2(-/-) mice show increased susceptibility to PCB-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 33(6):1436-42. PubMed: 22935098 MGI: J:225088
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Additional - Cd5^b related

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Additional - Cdh23^ahl related

Bosco A; Crish SD; Steele MR; Romero CO; Inman DM; Horner PJ; Calkins DJ; Vetter ML. 2012. Early reduction of microglia activation by irradiation in a model of chronic glaucoma. PLoS One 7(8):e43602. PubMed: 22952717 MGI: J:191663
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Additional - Hc⁰ related

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Additional - Ogg1^m1 related

Choi JY; Kim HS; Kang HK; Lee DW; Choi EM; Chung MH. 1999. Thermolabile 8-hydroxyguanine DNA glycosylase with low activity in senescence-accelerated mice due to a single-base mutation. Free Radic Biol Med 27(7-8):848-54. PubMed: 10515589 MGI: J:59724
Mori M; Toyokuni S; Kondo S; Kasai H; Naiki H; Toichi E; Hosokawa M; Higuchi K. 2001. Spontaneous loss-of-function mutations of the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase gene in mice and exploration of the possible implication of the gene in senescence. Free Radic Biol Med 30(10):1130-6. PubMed: 11369503 MGI: J:119467

Additional - Rmcf^s related

Buller RS; Sitbon M; Portis JL. 1988. The endogenous mink cell focus-forming (MCF) gp70 linked to the Rmcf gene restricts MCF virus replication in vivo and provides partial resistance to erythroleukemia induced by Friend murine leukemia virus. J Exp Med 167(5):1535-46. PubMed: 2835418 MGI: J:27618
Hartley JW; Yetter RA; Morse HC 3rd. 1983. A mouse gene on chromosome 5 that restricts infectivity of mink cell focus-forming recombinant murine leukemia viruses. J Exp Med 158(1):16-24. PubMed: 6306133 MGI: J:7108
Jung YT; Lyu MS; Buckler-White A; Kozak CA. 2002. Characterization of a polytropic murine leukemia virus proviral sequence associated with the virus resistance gene Rmcf of DBA/2 mice. J Virol 76(16):8218-24. PubMed: 12134027 MGI: J:78083

Additional - Soat1^ald related

ARNESEN K. 1955. Constitutional difference in lipid content of adrenals in two strains of mice and their hybrids. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 18(4):396-401. PubMed: 14375655 MGI: J:166508
Arnesen K. 1963. The cytology of the adrenal cortex in mice with spontaneous adrenocortical lipid depletion. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 58:212-218. MGI: J:12157
Arnesen K. 1974. Adrenocortical lipid depletion and leukemia in mice. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [A] Suppl 248:15-9. PubMed: 4451118 MGI: J:30991
Giehl KA; Potter CS; Wu B; Silva KA; Rowe LB; Awgulewitsch A; Sundberg JP. 2009. Hair interior defect in AKR/J mice. Clin Exp Dermatol 34(4):509-17. PubMed: 19522984 MGI: J:164953
Masterson JC; McNamee EN; Jedlicka P; Fillon S; Ruybal J; Hosford L; Rivera-Nieves J; Lee JJ; Furuta GT. 2011. CCR3 Blockade Attenuates Eosinophilic Ileitis and Associated Remodeling. Am J Pathol 179(5):2302-14. PubMed: 21945903 MGI: J:177340
Molne K. 1969. Autoradiographic studies on the incorporation of H-uridine into the adrenal glands of mice with spontaneous adrenocortical lipid depletion. A comparison with C57B1 mice. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 77(3):369-78. PubMed: 4192329 MGI: J:5158
Rice RH; Bradshaw KM; Durbin-Johnson BP; Rocke DM; Eigenheer RA; Phinney BS; Sundberg JP. 2012. Differentiating inbred mouse strains from each other and those with single gene mutations using hair proteomics. PLoS One 7(12):e51956. PubMed: 23251662 MGI: J:195664
Rice RH; Rocke DM; Tsai HS; Silva KA; Lee YJ; Sundberg JP. 2009. Distinguishing mouse strains by proteomic analysis of pelage hair. J Invest Dermatol 129(9):2120-5. PubMed: 19295613 MGI: J:153492
Sundberg JP (ed.). 1994. Handbook of Mouse Mutations with Skin and Hair Abnormalities: Animal Models and Biomedical Tools. In: Handbook of Mouse Mutations with Skin and Hair Abnormalities: Animal Models and Biomedical Tools. CRC Press, Boca Raton. MGI: J:30359
Taylor BA; Meier H; Whitten WK. 1974. Chromosomal location and site of action of the adrenal lipid depletion gene of the mouse. Genetics 77:s65. MGI: J:12966
Trigg MJ. 1972. Hair growth in mouse mutants affecting coat texture. J Zool 168:165-198. MGI: J:15247
Wu B; Potter CS; Silva KA; Liang Y; Reinholdt LG; Alley LM; Rowe LB; Roopenian DC; Awgulewitsch A; Sundberg JP. 2010. Mutations in sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (Soat1) result in hair interior defects in AKR/J mice. J Invest Dermatol 130(11):2666-8. PubMed: 20574437 MGI: J:180857

Also Known As: AKR, AK

Genetic overview

Research Applications

Base Price

Detailed Description

Selected References

Ahrd

Allele Symbol: Ahrd

Cd5b

Allele Symbol: Cd5b

Cdh23ahl

Allele Symbol: Cdh23ahl

Hc0

Allele Symbol: Hc0

Il3ram1

Allele Symbol: Il3ram1

Obq3AKR/J

Allele Symbol: Obq3AKR/J

Obq4AKR/J

Allele Symbol: Obq4AKR/J

Ogg1m1

Allele Symbol: Ogg1m1

Rmcfs

Allele Symbol: Rmcfs

Soat1ald

Allele Symbol: Soat1ald

Disease Terms

Research Areas By Genotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Genotype: Ahrd related

Genotype: Cdh23ahl related

Genotype: Hc0 related

Genotype: Il3ram1 related

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

Genotype: Ahrd/AhrdAKR

mortality/aging

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

Genotype: Il3ram1/Il3ram1AKR/J

hematopoietic system phenotype

Genotype: Soat1ald/Soat1aldAKR

integument phenotype

Genotype: Soat1ald/Soat1aldAKR/O

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype

hematopoietic system phenotype

immune system phenotype

neoplasm

Phenotype Information

References

Additional References

Additional - Ahrd related

Additional - Cd5b related

Additional - Cdh23ahl related

Additional - Hc0 related

Additional - Il3ram1 related

Additional - Obq3AKR/J related

Additional - Obq4AKR/J related

Additional - Ogg1m1 related

Additional - Rmcfs related

Additional - Soat1ald related

Genotyping Protocols

Dietary Information

Breeding Considerations

Mating System

Appearance

Citation

Animal Health Reports

Live Mouse

Cryorecovery - Pricing

Payment Terms and Conditions

The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

Terms of Use

Licensing Information

JAX® Mice, Products & Services Conditions of Use

No Warranty

Credit for PRODUCTS or SERVICES

Animal Care and Use for SERVICES

No Liability

Ahr^d

Allele Symbol: Ahr^d

Cd5^b

Allele Symbol: Cd5^b

Cdh23^ahl

Allele Symbol: Cdh23^ahl

Hc⁰

Allele Symbol: Hc⁰

Il3ra^m1

Allele Symbol: Il3ra^m1

Obq3^AKR/J

Allele Symbol: Obq3^AKR/J

Obq4^AKR/J

Allele Symbol: Obq4^AKR/J

Ogg1^m1

Allele Symbol: Ogg1^m1

Rmcf^s

Allele Symbol: Rmcf^s

Soat1^ald

Allele Symbol: Soat1^ald

Genotype: Ahr^d related

Genotype: Cdh23^ahl related

Genotype: Hc⁰ related

Genotype: Il3ra^m1 related

Genotype: Ahr^d/Ahr^d
AKR

Genotype: Il3ra^m1/Il3ra^m1
AKR/J

Genotype: Soat1^ald/Soat1^ald
AKR

Genotype: Soat1^ald/Soat1^ald
AKR/O

Additional - Ahr^d related

Additional - Cd5^b related

Additional - Cdh23^ahl related

Additional - Hc⁰ related

Additional - Il3ra^m1 related

Additional - Obq3^AKR/J related

Additional - Obq4^AKR/J related

Additional - Ogg1^m1 related

Additional - Rmcf^s related

Additional - Soat1^ald related