Originally inbred at the Rockefeller Institute, AKR mice are widely used in cancer research for their high leukemia incidence (60-90%) and in immunology as a source of the Thy1.1 (theta AKR) antigen. AKR/J mice are viremic from birth, and express the ecotropic retrovirus AKV in all tissues. The hair interior defect (hid) mutation, a strain characteristic of AKR mice, causes alterations in hair development that is only evident microscopically. Adrenocortical lipid depletion (ald) in AKR mice is caused by a mutation in sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (Soat1), and leads to a truncated SOAT1 protein. AKR/J mice are relatively resistant to aortic lesion formation on a semi-synthetic high fat diet and are hyporesponsive to diets containing high levels of fat and cholesterol.

Selected References

Doering CH; Shire JG; Kessler S; Clayton RB. 1973. Genetic and biochemical studies of the adrenal lipid depletion phenotype in mice. Biochem Genet 8(1):101-11. PubMed: 4348256 MGI: J:5333
Jiao S; Cole TG; Kitchens RT; Pfleger B; Schonfeld G. 1990. Genetic heterogeneity of plasma lipoproteins in the mouse: control of low density lipoprotein particle sizes by genetic factors. J Lipid Res 31(3):467-77. PubMed: 1971301 MGI: J:15484
Kirk EA; Moe GL; Caldwell MT; Lernmark JA; Wilson DL; LeBoeuf RC. 1995. Hyper- and hypo-responsiveness to dietary fat and cholesterol among inbred mice: searching for level and variability genes. J Lipid Res 36(7):1522-32. PubMed: 7595076 MGI: J:28648
Meiner VL; Welch CL; Cases S; Myers HM; Sande E; Lusis AJ; Farese RV Jr. 1998. Adrenocortical lipid depletion gene (ald) in AKR mice is associated with an acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) mutation. J Biol Chem 273(2):1064-9. PubMed: 9422770 MGI: J:42073
Molne K; Brabrand G. 1968. Spontaneous adrenocortical lipid depletion in mice. Relationship to general growth, degeneration of adrenal X zone, and maturation of seminiferous epithelium. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 72(4):478-90. PubMed: 5693089 MGI: J:5089
Nishina PM; Wang J; Toyofuku W; Kuypers FA; Ishida BY; Paigen B. 1993. Atherosclerosis and plasma and liver lipids in nine inbred strains of mice. Lipids 28(7):599-605. PubMed: 8355588 MGI: J:13267
Paigen B. 1995. Genetics of responsiveness to high-fat and high- cholesterol diets in the mouse. Am J Clin Nutr 62(2):458S-462S. PubMed: 7625360 MGI: J:28248
Paigen B; Ishida BY; Verstuyft J; Winters RB; Albee D. 1990. Atherosclerosis susceptibility differences among progenitors of recombinant inbred strains of mice. Arteriosclerosis 10(2):316-23. PubMed: 2317166 MGI: J:22615
Paigen B; Morrow A; Brandon C; Mitchell D; Holmes P. 1985. Variation in susceptibility to atherosclerosis among inbred strains of mice. Atherosclerosis 57(1):65-73. PubMed: 3841001 MGI: J:109950
Petkov PM; Cassell MA; Sargent EE; Donnelly CJ; Robinson P; Crew V; Asquith S; Haar RV; Wiles MV. 2004. Development of a SNP genotyping panel for genetic monitoring of the laboratory mouse. Genomics 83(5):902-11. PubMed: 15081119 MGI: J:89298
Uelmen PJ; Oka K; Sullivan M; Chang CC; Chang TY; Chan L. 1995. Tissue-specific expression and cholesterol regulation of acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in mice. Molecular cloning of mouse ACAT cDNA, chromosomal localization, and regulation of ACAT in vivo and in vitro. J Biol Chem 270(44):26192-201. PubMed: 7592824 MGI: J:29712
West DB; Boozer CN; Moody DL; Atkinson RL. 1992. Dietary obesity in nine inbred mouse strains. Am J Physiol 262(6 Pt 2):R1025-32. PubMed: 1621856 MGI: J:1348

View All References

Genetics

Ahr^d

Allele Symbol: Ahr^d

Allele Name	d variant
Allele Type	Not Applicable
Allele Synonym(s)	Ah^d; Ah^k; AhRd; Ahhⁿ; ah; in
Gene Symbol and Name	Ahr, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor
Gene Synonym(s)	Ah; Ahh; Ahre; In; aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness; aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase; bHLHe76; dioxin receptor; inflammatory reactivity
Strain of Origin	Not Applicable
Chromosome	12
General Note	Strain of origin - this allele was found in DBA/2J, AKR/J, 129, SWR, RF, NZB strains
Molecular Note	This allele encodes a 104 kDa receptor that is stabilized by molybdate and has an affinity for ligand 10-100 fold lower than that of the receptor produced by the C57BL/6J allele. PCR sequencing of cDNA revealed ten nucleotide differences between the coding sequences of the DBA/2J and C57BL/6J receptors. Five of the ten differences would cause amino acid changes. One of these, an apparent T to C transition replaces the opal termination codon in the C57BL/6J allele with an arginine codon in the DBA/2J allele. This change would extend translation of the DBA/2J mRNA by 43 amino acids, accounting for the larger size of the peptide produced by this allele (104 kDa vs 95 kDa for the C57BL/6J allele). A second T to C transition changes a leucine codon in the C57BL/6J allele to a proline codon in the DBA/2J allele, and would likely change secondary structure of the peptide and thus ligand affinity.

Hc⁰

Allele Symbol: Hc⁰

Allele Name	deficient
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	C5-; C5-d; C5-def; C5-deficient; hc^o
Gene Symbol and Name	Hc, hemolytic complement
Gene Synonym(s)	C5; C5; C5D; C5a; C5b; CPAMD4; ECLZB; He; He
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	2
General Note	This is an allele characteristic of various inbred mouse strains including the following: A/HeJ, AKR/J, DBA/2J, NZB/B1NJ, SWR/J, B10.D2/oSnJ Hc was identified as a candidate gene for Abhr2 in a microarray analysis of lung mRNA from A/J, C3H/HeJ, and (A/J x C3H/HeJ)F1 x A/J backcross animals. Hc genotype shows statistically significant correlation to allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsive phenotype. The A/J allele contains a 2 bp deletion resulting in deficient Hc mRNA and protein production and is associated with susceptibility to allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness. (J:108211)
Molecular Note	A 2 base "TA" deletion at positions 62 and 63 of an 83 base pair exon near the 5' end of the gene is found in the following mouse strains: A/HeJ, AKR/J, DBA/2J, NZB/B1NJ, SWR/J, B10.D2/oSnJ. The consequence of this deletion is the creation of a stop codon starting four bases after the deletion. A truncated product of 216 amino acids is predicted as a result although contradictory reports exist that a larger pro-C5 protein may be synthesized. Nevertheless, macrophages from mouse strains carrying this allele do not secrete complement 5.

Il3ra^m1

Allele Symbol: Il3ra^m1

Allele Name	mutation 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Il3ra^A/J; Il3raⁿ
Gene Symbol and Name	Il3ra, interleukin 3 receptor, alpha chain
Gene Synonym(s)	CD123; Cyrl; IL-3 receptor alpha chain; IL3R; IL3RAY; IL3RX; IL3RY; SUT-1; hIL-3Ra
Strain of Origin	A/J
Chromosome	14
Molecular Note	Sequence analysis revealed A/J mice lack the sequence corresponding to exon 8, which encodes 10 amino acid residues in the extracellular domain. Aberrant splicing was due to a 5 base pair deletion at the branch point in intron 7.

Obq3^AKR/J

Allele Symbol: Obq3^AKR/J

Allele Name	AKR/J
Allele Type	QTL
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Obq3, obesity QTL 3
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	AKR/J
Chromosome	2
General Note	Obq3 exhibits an additive mode of inheritance.
Molecular Note	This allele confers increased adiposity in male animals compared to C57L/J.

Obq4^AKR/J

Allele Symbol: Obq4^AKR/J

Allele Name	AKR/J
Allele Type	QTL
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Obq4, obesity QTL 4
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	AKR/J
Chromosome	17
General Note	Obq4 may also be consistent with an additive mode of inheritance.

Rmcf^s

Allele Symbol: Rmcf^s

Allele Name	MCF sensitive
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Rmcf, resistance to MCF virus
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	5
General Note	This locus controls resistance and susceptibility of cells in tissue culture to infection by mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia viruses. The allele Rmcf^r determines resistance and occurs in strains DBA/1, DBA/2, and CBA/Ca; the allele Rmcf^s determines susceptibility and occurs in strains AKR/J, C57BL/6, BALB/c, CBA/J, NFS, NZB, 129/J, and many others. Heterozygotes are as resistant as the resistant parent or nearly so. Rmcf is different from and independent of Fv1, a locus that controls susceptibility to infection by ecotropic viruses. Rmcf is located on Chr 5 close to Hm near the centromeric end (J:7108). Rmcf^r protects (AKR x CBA/Ca)F1 and (AKR x DBA/2)F1 hybrids from development of spontaneous thymic lymphomas and reduces the incidence of MCF-induced thymic lymphomas (J:7175). It also reduces susceptibility of cells of Sxv^s/Sxv^r mice to exogenous xenotropic viruses (J:7951). In addition, in strains susceptible to Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia, a condition thought to be due to the replication of MCF virus, Rmcf^r increases resistance to the virus-induced erythroleukemia. It may cause resistance by coding for or regulating the production of an MCF-related envelope glycoprotein that blocks the receptor for MCF viruses (J:8074). This conclusion is reinforced by the findings of Buller et al. (J:8497), who showed that the Rmcf^r allele contains an endogenous MCF gp70 env gene and that the Rmcf^s allele, at least in some strains (C57BL/6, CBA/J, and A/WySn), contains a xenotropic gp70 env gene. Presumably the MCF gp70 inhibits exogenous MCF infection in vitro by a mechanism of viral interference.
Molecular Note	This locus controls resistance of cells to infection by mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia viruses. The recessive s (susceptible) allele is found in AKR/J, C57BL/6, BALB/c, CBA/J, NFS, NZB and 129/J.

Soat1^ald

Allele Symbol: Soat1^ald

Allele Name	adrenocortical lipid depletion
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Acact-; Soat1^hid; ald; hid
Gene Symbol and Name	Soat1, sterol O-acyltransferase 1
Gene Synonym(s)	8430426K15Rik; 8430426K15Rik; ACACT; ACAT; ACAT-1; ACAT1; AW550831; Acact; Acact; Acat-1; RIKEN cDNA 8430426K15 gene; SOAT; STAT; acetyl coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase; adrenocortical lipid depletion; ald; expressed sequence AW550831; hair interior defect; hid; hid
Strain of Origin	AKR/O
Chromosome	1
General Note	All AKR sublines are homozygous for Soat1.
Molecular Note	Deletion of 118 bp in the a Soat1 mRNA. This region corresondes to the 5'UTR and the initial coding sequences. In addition, two missense mutations were observed: A1248G resulting in Ile to Val at amino acid 147 and C1422T resulting in His to Tyr at amino acid 205. Other nucleotide differences were observed that did not result in amino acid changes. A truncated protein is expressed from this allele, presumably due to internal initiation.

Disease/Phenotype

Disease Terms

Research Areas By Genotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Cancer Research
- Increased Tumor Incidence
  - Leukemia
  - Leukemia: lymphatic
Cardiovascular Research
- Atherosclerosis
  - Soat1^ald
- Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis
  - Relatively Resistant
Developmental Biology Research
- Lymphoid Tissue Defects
  - hematopoietic defects
Diabetes and Obesity Research
- Hyperglycemia
  - diet-induced, moderate
- Obesity With Diabetes
  - diet-induced
- Type 2 Diabetes (NIDDM)
  - diet-induced
Endocrine Deficiency Research
- Adrenal Cortex Defects
- Hypothalamus/Pituitary Defects
  - Soat1^ald
Internal/Organ Research
- Adrenal Cortex Defects
Metabolism Research
- Enzyme Deficiency
Neurobiology Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss

Genotype: Ahr^d related

Metabolism Research
Research Tools
- Toxicology Research

Genotype: Hc⁰ related

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Immunodeficiency
  - specific complement deficiency
Research Tools
- Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
  - specific complement deficiency, C5 complement

Genotype: Il3ra^m1 related

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- CD Antigens, Antigen Receptors, and Histocompatibility Markers
  - genes regulating susceptibility to infectious disease and endotoxin

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

Genotype: Ahr^d/Ahr^d
AKR

mortality/aging

decreased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality
- mice are resistant to the pathological effects of DMBA including mortality, morbidity and severity of effects

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

decreased physiological sensitivity to xenobiotic
- mice are resistant to the pathological effects of DMBA including mortality, morbidity and severity of effects

decreased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality
- mice are resistant to the pathological effects of DMBA including mortality, morbidity and severity of effects

Genotype: Il3ra^m1/Il3ra^m1
AKR/J

hematopoietic system phenotype

abnormal common myeloid progenitor cell morphology
- CFU-GM assays using bone marrow derived cells yield very few colonies in repsonse to interleukin 3

Genotype: Soat1^ald/Soat1^ald
AKR

integument phenotype

abnormal hair growth
- all AKR strains are homozygous for this mutation
- distal regions of all hair types are especially affected
- homozygotes can be ascertained only by microscopic examination of the hair
- morphology and arrangement of medullary cells are abnormal

abnormal hair medulla
- medulla morphology and arrangement are abnormal
- random and tightly packed medullary cells produce irregularities of hair shaft calibre

abnormal hair shaft morphology
- medullary cell abnormality effects calibre of hair shaft

The following phenotype information is associated with a similar, but not exact match to this JAX^® Mice strain

Genotype: Soat1^ald/Soat1^ald
AKR/O

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype

abnormal adrenal cortex morphology
- adrenal cortex of females is not totally depleted and lipid pattern is variable
- adrenal cortex of males is totally depleted of lipid
- in males adrenocortical lipid depletion coincides roughly with adrenal X-zone degeneration and maturation of seminiferous epithelium
- large doses of ACTH restores lipid concentration and distribution
- onset of adrenocortical lipid depletion takes place in mice between 30 and 40 days of age

abnormal adrenocortical cell morphology
- cells are enriched with mitochondria
- lipid vacuoles are sparse

thymus hyperplasia
- evident from birth

hematopoietic system phenotype

thymus hyperplasia
- evident from birth

immune system phenotype

thymus hyperplasia
- evident from birth

neoplasm

increased leukemia incidence
- high incidence of lymphatic leukemia

Phenotype Information

References

Doering CH; Shire JG; Kessler S; Clayton RB. 1973. Genetic and biochemical studies of the adrenal lipid depletion phenotype in mice. Biochem Genet 8(1):101-11. PubMed: 4348256 MGI: J:5333
Jiao S; Cole TG; Kitchens RT; Pfleger B; Schonfeld G. 1990. Genetic heterogeneity of plasma lipoproteins in the mouse: control of low density lipoprotein particle sizes by genetic factors. J Lipid Res 31(3):467-77. PubMed: 1971301 MGI: J:15484
Kirk EA; Moe GL; Caldwell MT; Lernmark JA; Wilson DL; LeBoeuf RC. 1995. Hyper- and hypo-responsiveness to dietary fat and cholesterol among inbred mice: searching for level and variability genes. J Lipid Res 36(7):1522-32. PubMed: 7595076 MGI: J:28648
Meiner VL; Welch CL; Cases S; Myers HM; Sande E; Lusis AJ; Farese RV Jr. 1998. Adrenocortical lipid depletion gene (ald) in AKR mice is associated with an acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) mutation. J Biol Chem 273(2):1064-9. PubMed: 9422770 MGI: J:42073
Molne K; Brabrand G. 1968. Spontaneous adrenocortical lipid depletion in mice. Relationship to general growth, degeneration of adrenal X zone, and maturation of seminiferous epithelium. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 72(4):478-90. PubMed: 5693089 MGI: J:5089
Nishina PM; Wang J; Toyofuku W; Kuypers FA; Ishida BY; Paigen B. 1993. Atherosclerosis and plasma and liver lipids in nine inbred strains of mice. Lipids 28(7):599-605. PubMed: 8355588 MGI: J:13267
Paigen B. 1995. Genetics of responsiveness to high-fat and high- cholesterol diets in the mouse. Am J Clin Nutr 62(2):458S-462S. PubMed: 7625360 MGI: J:28248
Paigen B; Ishida BY; Verstuyft J; Winters RB; Albee D. 1990. Atherosclerosis susceptibility differences among progenitors of recombinant inbred strains of mice. Arteriosclerosis 10(2):316-23. PubMed: 2317166 MGI: J:22615
Paigen B; Morrow A; Brandon C; Mitchell D; Holmes P. 1985. Variation in susceptibility to atherosclerosis among inbred strains of mice. Atherosclerosis 57(1):65-73. PubMed: 3841001 MGI: J:109950
Petkov PM; Cassell MA; Sargent EE; Donnelly CJ; Robinson P; Crew V; Asquith S; Haar RV; Wiles MV. 2004. Development of a SNP genotyping panel for genetic monitoring of the laboratory mouse. Genomics 83(5):902-11. PubMed: 15081119 MGI: J:89298
Uelmen PJ; Oka K; Sullivan M; Chang CC; Chang TY; Chan L. 1995. Tissue-specific expression and cholesterol regulation of acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in mice. Molecular cloning of mouse ACAT cDNA, chromosomal localization, and regulation of ACAT in vivo and in vitro. J Biol Chem 270(44):26192-201. PubMed: 7592824 MGI: J:29712
West DB; Boozer CN; Moody DL; Atkinson RL. 1992. Dietary obesity in nine inbred mouse strains. Am J Physiol 262(6 Pt 2):R1025-32. PubMed: 1621856 MGI: J:1348

Additional References

Eberhart GP; West DB; Boozer CN; Atkinson RL. 1994. Insulin sensitivity of adipocytes from inbred mouse strains resistant or sensitive to diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol 266(5 Pt 2):R1423-8. PubMed: 8203615 MGI: J:18464
Ewart SL; Kuperman D; Schadt E; Tankersley C; Grupe A; Shubitowski DM; Peltz G; Wills-Karp M. 2000. Quantitative trait loci controlling allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in inbred mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 23(4):537-45. PubMed: 11017920 MGI: J:66641
Festing MF; Blackmore DK. 1971. Life span of specified-pathogen-free (MRC category 4) mice and rats. Lab Anim 5(2):179-92. PubMed: 5166568 MGI: J:22607
Hara T; Ichihara M; Takagi M; Miyajima A. 1995. Interleukin-3 (IL-3) poor-responsive inbred mouse strains carry the identical deletion of a branch point in the IL-3 receptor alpha subunit gene. Blood 85(9):2331-6. PubMed: 7727767 MGI: J:24918
Hoag WG. 1963. Spontaneous cancer in mice Ann N Y Acad Sci 108:805-831. PubMed: 14081516 MGI: J:2434
International Nomenclature Committee. 1952. COMMITTEE on Standardized Nomenclature for Inbred Strains of Mice Cancer Res 12(8):602-13. PubMed: 14945054 MGI: J:166288
Keane TM; Goodstadt L; Danecek P; White MA; Wong K; Yalcin B; Heger A; Agam A; Slater G; Goodson M; Furlotte NA; Eskin E; Nellaker C; Whitley H; Cleak J; Janowitz D; Hernandez-Pliego P; Edwards A; Belgard TG; Oliver PL; McIntyre RE; Bhomra A; Nicod J; Gan X; Yuan W; van der Weyden L; Steward CA; Bala S; Stalker J; Mott R; Durbin R; Jackson IJ; Czechanski A; Guerra-Assuncao JA; Donahue LR; Reinholdt LG; Payseur BA; Ponting CP; Birney E; Flint J; Adams DJ. 2011. Mouse genomic variation and its effect on phenotypes and gene regulation. Nature 477(7364):289-94. PubMed: 21921910 MGI: J:177037
Moy SS; Nadler JJ; Young NB; Perez A; Holloway LP; Barbaro RP; Barbaro JR; Wilson LM; Threadgill DW; Lauder JM; Magnuson TR; Crawley JN. 2007. Mouse behavioral tasks relevant to autism: phenotypes of 10 inbred strains. Behav Brain Res 176(1):4-20. PubMed: 16971002 MGI: J:138682
Nilsson UR; Muller-Eberhard HJ. 1967. Deficiency of the fifth component of complement in mice with an inherited complement defect. J Exp Med 125(1):1-16. PubMed: 4959665 MGI: J:5016
Ooi YM; Colten HR. 1979. Genetic defect in secretion of complement C5 in mice. Nature 282(5735):207-8. PubMed: 492335 MGI: J:6214
Roberts JE; Watters JW; Ballard JD; Dietrich WF. 1998. Ltx1, a mouse locus that influences the susceptibility of macrophages to cytolysis caused by intoxication with Bacillus anthracis lethal factor, maps to chromosome 11. Mol Microbiol 29(2):581-91. PubMed: 9720874 MGI: J:49726
Rossmeisl M; Rim JS; Koza RA; Kozak LP. 2003. Variation in type 2 diabetes--related traits in mouse strains susceptible to diet-induced obesity. Diabetes 52(8):1958-66. PubMed: 12882911 MGI: J:86027
Smith BK; Andrews PK; West DB. 2000. Macronutrient diet selection in thirteen mouse strains. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 278(4):R797-805. PubMed: 10749765 MGI: J:61602
Smith BK; West DB; York DA. 1997. Carbohydrate versus fat intake: differing patterns of macronutrient selection in two inbred mouse strains. Am J Physiol 272(1 Pt 2):R357-62. PubMed: 9039029 MGI: J:39025
Taylor BA; Phillips SJ. 1997. Obesity QTLs on mouse chromosomes 2 and 17. Genomics 43(3):249-57. PubMed: 9268627 MGI: J:39947
Trigg MJ. 1972. Hair growth in mouse mutants affecting coat texture. J Zool 168:165-198. MGI: J:15247
West DB; Goudey-Lefevre J; York B; Truett GE. 1994. Dietary obesity linked to genetic loci on chromosomes 9 and 15 in a polygenic mouse model. J Clin Invest 94(4):1410-6. PubMed: 7929816 MGI: J:20700
West DB; Waguespack J; McCollister S. 1995. Dietary obesity in the mouse: interaction of strain with diet composition. Am J Physiol 268(3 Pt 2):R658-65. PubMed: 7900908 MGI: J:24480
West DB; Waguespack J; York B; Goudey-Lefevre J; Price RA. 1994. Genetics of dietary obesity in AKR/J x SWR/J mice: segregation of the trait and identification of a linked locus on chromosome 4. Mamm Genome 5(9):546-52. PubMed: 8000138 MGI: J:20129
Wetsel RA; Fleischer DT; Haviland DL. 1990. Deficiency of the murine fifth complement component (C5). A 2-base pair gene deletion in a 5'-exon. J Biol Chem 265(5):2435-40. PubMed: 2303408 MGI: J:23983
Wheat WH; Wetsel R; Falus A; Tack BF; Strunk RC. 1987. The fifth component of complement (C5) in the mouse. Analysis of the molecular basis for deficiency. J Exp Med 165(5):1442-7. PubMed: 3572304 MGI: J:8690
Xie C; Sharma R; Wang H; Zhou XJ; Mohan C. 2004. Strain distribution pattern of susceptibility to immune-mediated nephritis. J Immunol 172(8):5047-55. PubMed: 15067087 MGI: J:122988

Additional - Ahr^d related

Benedict WF; Considine N; Nebert DW. 1973. Genetic differences in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction and benzo(a)pyrene-produced tumorigenesis in the mouse. Mol Pharmacol 9(2):266-77. PubMed: 4123113 MGI: J:84312
Boobis AR; Nebert DW. 1976. Genetic differences in the metabolism of carcinogens and in the binding of benzo (a) pyrene metabolites to DNA. Adv Enzyme Regul 15:339-62. PubMed: 1030186 MGI: J:12156
Castro DJ; Lohr CV; Fischer KA; Pereira CB; Williams DE. 2008. Lymphoma and lung cancer in offspring born to pregnant mice dosed with dibenzo[a,l]pyrene: the importance of in utero vs. lactational exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 233(3):454-8. PubMed: 18848954 MGI: J:143604
Chang C; Smith DR; Prasad VS; Sidman CL; Nebert DW; Puga A. 1993. Ten nucleotide differences, five of which cause amino acid changes, are associated with the Ah receptor locus polymorphism of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. Pharmacogenetics 3(6):312-21. PubMed: 8148872 MGI: J:17460
Curran CP; Altenhofen E; Ashworth A; Brown A; Kamau-Cheggeh C; Curran M; Evans A; Floyd R; Fowler J; Garber H; Hays B; Kraemer S; Lang A; Mynhier A; Samuels A; Strohmaier C. 2012. Ahrd Cyp1a2(-/-) mice show increased susceptibility to PCB-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 33(6):1436-42. PubMed: 22935098 MGI: J:225088
Curran CP; Miller KA; Dalton TP; Vorhees CV; Miller ML; Shertzer HG; Nebert DW. 2006. Genetic differences in lethality of newborn mice treated in utero with coplanar versus non-coplanar hexabromobiphenyl. Toxicol Sci 89(2):454-64. PubMed: 16291824 MGI: J:113285
Felton JS; Nebert DW. 1975. Mutagenesis of certain activated carcinogens in vitro associated with genetically mediated increases in monooxygenase activity and cytochrome P 1-450. J Biol Chem 250(17):6769-78. PubMed: 808546 MGI: J:5564
Gielen JE; Goujon FM; Nebert DW. 1972. Genetic regulation of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. II. Simple Mendelian expression in mouse tissues in vivo. J Biol Chem 247(4):1125-37. PubMed: 4110756 MGI: J:84250
Goujon FM; Nebert DW; Gielen JE. 1972. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. IV. Interaction of various compounds with different forms of cytochrome P-450 and the effect on benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in vitro. Mol Pharmacol 8(6):667-80. PubMed: 4118365 MGI: J:84252
Harper PA; Golas CL; Okey AB. 1991. Ah receptor in mice genetically nonresponsive for cytochrome P4501A1 induction: cytosolic Ah receptor, transformation to the nuclear binding state, and induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase by halogenated and nonhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons in embryonic tissues and cells. Mol Pharmacol 40(5):818-26. PubMed: 1658612 MGI: J:2134
Kennedy GD; Nukaya M; Moran SM; Glover E; Weinberg S; Balbo S; Hecht SS; Pitot HC; Drinkwater NR; Bradfield CA. 2014. Liver tumor promotion by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is dependent on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and TNF/IL-1 receptors. Toxicol Sci 140(1):135-43. PubMed: 24718703 MGI: J:215349
Kerley-Hamilton JS; Trask HW; Ridley CJ; Dufour E; Lesseur C; Ringelberg CS; Moodie KL; Shipman SL; Korc M; Gui J; Shworak NW; Tomlinson CR. 2012. Inherent and benzo[a]pyrene-induced differential aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling greatly affects life span, atherosclerosis, cardiac gene expression, and body and heart growth in mice. Toxicol Sci 126(2):391-404. PubMed: 22228805 MGI: J:183715
Kouri RE; Rude TH; Joglekar R; Dansette PM; Jerina DM; Atlas SA; Owens IS; Nebert DW. 1978. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin as cocarcinogen causing 3-methylcholanthrene-initiated subcutaneous tumors in mice genetically 'nonresponsive' at Ah locus. Cancer Res 38(9):2777-83. PubMed: 679184 MGI: J:84318
Levova K; Moserova M; Nebert DW; Phillips DH; Frei E; Schmeiser HH; Arlt VM; Stiborova M. 2012. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase expression in Cyp1a-knockout and CYP1A-humanized mouse lines and its effect on bioactivation of the carcinogen aristolochic acid I. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 265(3):360-7. PubMed: 22982977 MGI: J:192865
Lew BJ; Manickam R; Lawrence BP. 2011. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor during pregnancy in the mouse alters mammary development through direct effects on stromal and epithelial tissues. Biol Reprod 84(6):1094-102. PubMed: 21270426 MGI: J:173706
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Pickering MC; Warren J; Rose KL; Carlucci F; Wang Y; Walport MJ; Cook HT; Botto M. 2006. Prevention of C5 activation ameliorates spontaneous and experimental glomerulonephritis in factor H-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(25):9649-54. PubMed: 16769899 MGI: J:111031
Pilione MR; Agosto LM; Kennett MJ; Harvill ET. 2006. CD11b is required for the resolution of inflammation induced by Bordetella bronchiseptica respiratory infection. Cell Microbiol 8(5):758-68. PubMed: 16611225 MGI: J:135740
Pritchard MT; McMullen MR; Stavitsky AB; Cohen JI; Lin F; Medof ME; Nagy LE. 2007. Differential contributions of C3, C5, and decay-accelerating factor to ethanol-induced fatty liver in mice. Gastroenterology 132(3):1117-26. PubMed: 17383432 MGI: J:128218
Prodeus AP; Zhou X; Maurer M; Galli SJ; Carroll MC. 1997. Impaired mast cell-dependent natural immunity in complement C3-deficient mice. Nature 390(6656):172-5. PubMed: 9367154 MGI: J:44240
Ratajczak MZ; Lee H; Wysoczynski M; Wan W; Marlicz W; Laughlin MJ; Kucia M; Janowska-Wieczorek A; Ratajczak J. 2010. Novel insight into stem cell mobilization-plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate is a major chemoattractant that directs the egress of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells from the bone marrow and its level in peripheral blood increases during mobilization due toactivation of complement cascade/membrane attack complex. Leukemia 24(5):976-85. PubMed: 20357827 MGI: J:160183
Redecha P; Tilley R; Tencati M; Salmon JE; Kirchhofer D; Mackman N; Girardi G. 2007. Tissue factor: a link between C5a and neutrophil activation in antiphospholipid antibody induced fetal injury. Blood 110(7):2423-31. PubMed: 17536017 MGI: J:147022
Refici ML; Metzger DW; Arulanandam BP; Lennartz MR; Loegering DJ. 2001. Fcgamma-receptor signaling augments the LPS-stimulated increase in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 280(4):R1037-44. PubMed: 11247825 MGI: J:114295
Rittirsch D; Flierl MA; Day DE; Nadeau BA; McGuire SR; Hoesel LM; Ipaktchi K; Zetoune FS; Sarma JV; Leng L; Huber-Lang MS; Neff TA; Bucala R; Ward PA. 2008. Acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide is independent of complement activation. J Immunol 180(11):7664-72. PubMed: 18490769 MGI: J:136379
Rittirsch D; Flierl MA; Nadeau BA; Day DE; Huber-Lang M; Mackay CR; Zetoune FS; Gerard NP; Cianflone K; Kohl J; Gerard C; Sarma JV; Ward PA. 2008. Functional roles for C5a receptors in sepsis. Nat Med 14(5):551-7. PubMed: 18454156 MGI: J:136703
Saville SP; Lazzell AL; Chaturvedi AK; Monteagudo C; Lopez-Ribot JL. 2008. Use of a genetically engineered strain to evaluate the pathogenic potential of yeast cell and filamentous forms during Candida albicans systemic infection in immunodeficient mice. Infect Immun 76(1):97-102. PubMed: 17967861 MGI: J:130296
Schmitt J; Roderfeld M; Sabrane K; Zhang P; Tian Y; Mertens JC; Frei P; Stieger B; Weber A; Mullhaupt B; Roeb E; Geier A. 2012. Complement factor C5 deficiency significantly delays the progression of biliary fibrosis in bile duct-ligated mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 418(3):445-50. PubMed: 22277671 MGI: J:181268
Schultz G; Tedesco MM; Sho E; Nishimura T; Sharif S; Du X; Myles T; Morser J; Dalman RL; Leung LL. 2010. Enhanced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in thrombin-activatable procarboxypeptidase B-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 30(7):1363-70. PubMed: 20431069 MGI: J:180861
Sood R; Sholl L; Isermann B; Zogg M; Coughlin SR; Weiler H. 2008. Maternal Par4 and platelets contribute to defective placenta formation in mouse embryos lacking thrombomodulin. Blood 112(3):585-91. PubMed: 18490515 MGI: J:138440
Stokol T; O'Donnell P; Xiao L; Knight S; Stavrakis G; Botto M; von Andrian UH; Mayadas TN. 2004. C1q governs deposition of circulating immune complexes and leukocyte Fcgamma receptors mediate subsequent neutrophil recruitment. J Exp Med 200(7):835-46. PubMed: 15466618 MGI: J:93949
Strainic MG; Liu J; Huang D; An F; Lalli PN; Muqim N; Shapiro VS; Dubyak GR; Heeger PS; Medof ME. 2008. Locally produced complement fragments C5a and C3a provide both costimulatory and survival signals to naive CD4+ T cells. Immunity 28(3):425-35. PubMed: 18328742 MGI: J:132942
Strainic MG; Shevach EM; An F; Lin F; Medof ME. 2012. Absence of signaling into CD4(+) cells via C3aR and C5aR enables autoinductive TGF-beta1 signaling and induction of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. Nat Immunol 14(2):162-71. PubMed: 23263555 MGI: J:192613
Strey CW; Markiewski M; Mastellos D; Tudoran R; Spruce LA; Greenbaum LE; Lambris JD. 2003. The proinflammatory mediators C3a and C5a are essential for liver regeneration. J Exp Med 198(6):913-23. PubMed: 12975457 MGI: J:109380
Tanaka D; Kagari T; Doi H; Shimozato T. 2006. Essential role of neutrophils in anti-type II collagen antibody and lipopolysaccharide-induced arthritis. Immunology 119(2):195-202. PubMed: 16836650 MGI: J:118551
Trendelenburg M; Fossati-Jimack L; Cortes-Hernandez J; Turnberg D; Lewis M; Izui S; Cook HT; Botto M. 2005. The role of complement in cryoglobulin-induced immune complex glomerulonephritis. J Immunol 175(10):6909-14. PubMed: 16272350 MGI: J:119691
Wang Y; Kristan J; Hao L; Lenkoski CS; Shen Y; Matis LA. 2000. A role for complement in antibody-mediated inflammation: C5-deficient DBA/1 mice are resistant to collagen-induced arthritis. J Immunol 164(8):4340-7. PubMed: 10754334 MGI: J:61587
Wetsel RA; Fleischer DT; Haviland DL. 1990. Deficiency of the murine fifth complement component (C5). A 2-base pair gene deletion in a 5'-exon. J Biol Chem 265(5):2435-40. PubMed: 2303408 MGI: J:23983
Wheat WH; Wetsel R; Falus A; Tack BF; Strunk RC. 1987. The fifth component of complement (C5) in the mouse. Analysis of the molecular basis for deficiency. J Exp Med 165(5):1442-7. PubMed: 3572304 MGI: J:8690
Wolfe DN; Kirimanjeswara GS; Harvill ET. 2005. Clearance of Bordetella parapertussis from the lower respiratory tract requires humoral and cellular immunity. Infect Immun 73(10):6508-13. PubMed: 16177324 MGI: J:104212
Wright RJ; Bikoff EK; Stockinger B. 1998. The Ii41 isoform of invariant chain mediates both positive and negative selection events in T-cell receptor transgenic mice. Immunology 95(3):309-13. PubMed: 9824491 MGI: J:50737
Xiao H; Schreiber A; Heeringa P; Falk RJ; Jennette JC. 2007. Alternative complement pathway in the pathogenesis of disease mediated by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. Am J Pathol 170(1):52-64. PubMed: 17200182 MGI: J:117048
Younger JG; Shankar-Sinha S; Mickiewicz M; Brinkman AS; Valencia GA; Sarma JV; Younkin EM; Standiford TJ; Zetoune FS; Ward PA. 2003. Murine complement interactions with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their consequences during pneumonia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 29(4):432-8. PubMed: 14500254 MGI: J:94613
Zal T; Volkmann A; Stockinger B. 1994. Mechanisms of tolerance induction in major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted T cells specific for a blood-borne self-antigen. J Exp Med 180(6):2089-99. PubMed: 7964486 MGI: J:111649
Zal T; Weiss S; Mellor A; Stockinger B. 1996. Expression of a second receptor rescues self-specific T cells from thymic deletion and allows activation of autoreactive effector function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(17):9102-7. PubMed: 8799161 MGI: J:151753
Zhou W; Farrar CA; Abe K; Pratt JR; Marsh JE; Wang Y; Stahl GL; Sacks SH. 2000. Predominant role for C5b-9 in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Clin Invest 105(10):1363-71. PubMed: 10811844 MGI: J:120567
de Jorge EG; Macor P; Paixao-Cavalcante D; Rose KL; Tedesco F; Cook HT; Botto M; Pickering MC. 2011. The development of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome depends on complement C5. J Am Soc Nephrol 22(1):137-45. PubMed: 21148255 MGI: J:185883

Additional - Il3ra^m1 related

Gainsford T; Roberts AW; Kimura S; Metcalf D; Dranoff G; Mulligan RC; Begley CG; Robb L; Alexander WS. 1998. Cytokine production and function in c-mpl-deficient mice: no physiologic role for interleukin-3 in residual megakaryocyte and platelet production. Blood 91(8):2745-52. PubMed: 9531584 MGI: J:47462
Hara T; Ichihara M; Takagi M; Miyajima A. 1995. Interleukin-3 (IL-3) poor-responsive inbred mouse strains carry the identical deletion of a branch point in the IL-3 receptor alpha subunit gene. Blood 85(9):2331-6. PubMed: 7727767 MGI: J:24918
Ichihara M; Hara T; Takagi M; Cho LC; Gorman DM; Miyajima A. 1995. Impaired interleukin-3 (IL-3) response of the A/J mouse is caused by a branch point deletion in the IL-3 receptor alpha subunit gene. EMBO J 14(5):939-50. PubMed: 7889941 MGI: J:23971

Additional - Obq3^AKR/J related

Taylor BA; Phillips SJ. 1997. Obesity QTLs on mouse chromosomes 2 and 17. Genomics 43(3):249-57. PubMed: 9268627 MGI: J:39947

Additional - Obq4^AKR/J related

Taylor BA; Phillips SJ. 1997. Obesity QTLs on mouse chromosomes 2 and 17. Genomics 43(3):249-57. PubMed: 9268627 MGI: J:39947

Additional - Rmcf^s related

Buller RS; Sitbon M; Portis JL. 1988. The endogenous mink cell focus-forming (MCF) gp70 linked to the Rmcf gene restricts MCF virus replication in vivo and provides partial resistance to erythroleukemia induced by Friend murine leukemia virus. J Exp Med 167(5):1535-46. PubMed: 2835418 MGI: J:27618
Hartley JW; Yetter RA; Morse HC 3rd. 1983. A mouse gene on chromosome 5 that restricts infectivity of mink cell focus-forming recombinant murine leukemia viruses. J Exp Med 158(1):16-24. PubMed: 6306133 MGI: J:7108
Jung YT; Lyu MS; Buckler-White A; Kozak CA. 2002. Characterization of a polytropic murine leukemia virus proviral sequence associated with the virus resistance gene Rmcf of DBA/2 mice. J Virol 76(16):8218-24. PubMed: 12134027 MGI: J:78083

Additional - Soat1^ald related

ARNESEN K. 1955. Constitutional difference in lipid content of adrenals in two strains of mice and their hybrids. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 18(4):396-401. PubMed: 14375655 MGI: J:166508
Arnesen K. 1974. Adrenocortical lipid depletion and leukemia in mice. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [A] Suppl 248:15-9. PubMed: 4451118 MGI: J:30991
Arnesen K. 1963. The cytology of the adrenal cortex in mice with spontaneous adrenocortical lipid depletion. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 58:212-218. MGI: J:12157
Giehl KA; Potter CS; Wu B; Silva KA; Rowe LB; Awgulewitsch A; Sundberg JP. 2009. Hair interior defect in AKR/J mice. Clin Exp Dermatol 34(4):509-17. PubMed: 19522984 MGI: J:164953
Masterson JC; McNamee EN; Jedlicka P; Fillon S; Ruybal J; Hosford L; Rivera-Nieves J; Lee JJ; Furuta GT. 2011. CCR3 Blockade Attenuates Eosinophilic Ileitis and Associated Remodeling. Am J Pathol 179(5):2302-14. PubMed: 21945903 MGI: J:177340
Molne K. 1969. Autoradiographic studies on the incorporation of H-uridine into the adrenal glands of mice with spontaneous adrenocortical lipid depletion. A comparison with C57B1 mice. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 77(3):369-78. PubMed: 4192329 MGI: J:5158
Rice RH; Bradshaw KM; Durbin-Johnson BP; Rocke DM; Eigenheer RA; Phinney BS; Sundberg JP. 2012. Differentiating inbred mouse strains from each other and those with single gene mutations using hair proteomics. PLoS One 7(12):e51956. PubMed: 23251662 MGI: J:195664
Rice RH; Rocke DM; Tsai HS; Silva KA; Lee YJ; Sundberg JP. 2009. Distinguishing mouse strains by proteomic analysis of pelage hair. J Invest Dermatol 129(9):2120-5. PubMed: 19295613 MGI: J:153492
Sundberg JP (ed.). 1994. Handbook of Mouse Mutations with Skin and Hair Abnormalities: Animal Models and Biomedical Tools. In: Handbook of Mouse Mutations with Skin and Hair Abnormalities: Animal Models and Biomedical Tools. CRC Press, Boca Raton. MGI: J:30359
Taylor BA; Meier H; Whitten WK. 1974. Chromosomal location and site of action of the adrenal lipid depletion gene of the mouse. Genetics 77:s65. MGI: J:12966
Trigg MJ. 1972. Hair growth in mouse mutants affecting coat texture. J Zool 168:165-198. MGI: J:15247
Wu B; Potter CS; Silva KA; Liang Y; Reinholdt LG; Alley LM; Rowe LB; Roopenian DC; Awgulewitsch A; Sundberg JP. 2010. Mutations in sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (Soat1) result in hair interior defects in AKR/J mice. J Invest Dermatol 130(11):2666-8. PubMed: 20574437 MGI: J:180857

Also Known As: AKR, AK

Genetic overview

Research Applications

Base Price

Detailed Description

Selected References

Ahrd

Allele Symbol: Ahrd

Hc0

Allele Symbol: Hc0

Il3ram1

Allele Symbol: Il3ram1

Obq3AKR/J

Allele Symbol: Obq3AKR/J

Obq4AKR/J

Allele Symbol: Obq4AKR/J

Rmcfs

Allele Symbol: Rmcfs

Soat1ald

Allele Symbol: Soat1ald

Disease Terms

Research Areas By Genotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Genotype: Ahrd related

Genotype: Hc0 related

Genotype: Il3ram1 related

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

Genotype: Ahrd/AhrdAKR

mortality/aging

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

Genotype: Il3ram1/Il3ram1AKR/J

hematopoietic system phenotype

Genotype: Soat1ald/Soat1aldAKR

integument phenotype

Genotype: Soat1ald/Soat1aldAKR/O

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype

hematopoietic system phenotype

immune system phenotype

neoplasm

Phenotype Information

References

Additional References

Additional - Ahrd related

Additional - Hc0 related

Additional - Il3ram1 related

Additional - Obq3AKR/J related

Additional - Obq4AKR/J related

Additional - Rmcfs related

Additional - Soat1ald related

Genotyping Protocols

Dietary Information

Breeding Considerations

Mating System

Appearance

Animal Health Reports

Live Mouse

Cryorecovery - Pricing

Progeny testing is not required

Payment Terms and Conditions

The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

Terms of Use

Licensing Information

JAX® Mice, Products & Services Conditions of Use

No Warranty

Credit for PRODUCTS or SERVICES

Animal Care and Use for SERVICES

No Liability

Ahr^d

Allele Symbol: Ahr^d

Hc⁰

Allele Symbol: Hc⁰

Il3ra^m1

Allele Symbol: Il3ra^m1

Obq3^AKR/J

Allele Symbol: Obq3^AKR/J

Obq4^AKR/J

Allele Symbol: Obq4^AKR/J

Rmcf^s

Allele Symbol: Rmcf^s

Soat1^ald

Allele Symbol: Soat1^ald

Genotype: Ahr^d related

Genotype: Hc⁰ related

Genotype: Il3ra^m1 related

Genotype: Ahr^d/Ahr^d
AKR

Genotype: Il3ra^m1/Il3ra^m1
AKR/J

Genotype: Soat1^ald/Soat1^ald
AKR

Genotype: Soat1^ald/Soat1^ald
AKR/O

Additional - Ahr^d related

Additional - Hc⁰ related

Additional - Il3ra^m1 related

Additional - Obq3^AKR/J related

Additional - Obq4^AKR/J related

Additional - Rmcf^s related

Additional - Soat1^ald related