JAX Mouse Strain Datasheet - 000646

A/J

Stock No:: 000646

Inbred Strain

Readily Available

Overview

Also Known As: A, AJ

A/J inbred mice are widely used to model cancer and for carcinogen testing given their high susceptibility to carcinogen-induced tumors. Other uses include hybridoma production for immunology applications, cardiovascular research, developmental biology (low background incidence of cleft palate; high susceptibility to cortisone-induced cleft palate) and sensorineural given their early hearing loss.

Genetic overview

Genetic Background	Generation
	Contact Technical Support (27-JUL-18)

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Research Applications

Cancer Research
Cardiovascular Research
Developmental Biology Research
Internal/Organ Research
Neurobiology Research
Research Tools
Sensorineural Research
Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research

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Details

Important Note

This strain is homozygous for Cdh23^ahl, the age related hearing loss 1 mutation, and ahl4, which on this background result in progressive hearing loss with onset between three and five months of age.

Detailed Description

Developed by LC Strong in 1921 from a cross between a Cold Spring Harbor albino and a Bagg albino, the A/J inbred strain is widely used in cancer and immunology research. It is highly susceptible to cortisone-induced congenital cleft palate. It has a high incidence of spontaneous lung adenomas, and lung tumors readily develop in response to carcinogens. A high percentage of mammary adenocarcinomas (a large proportion of acinar-type) develop in multiparous females. Rare spontaneous myoepitheliomas arising from myoepithelial cells of various exocrine glands have been observed in The Jackson Laboratory substrains.

A/J mice fed an atherogenic diet (1.25% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid, and 15% fat) fail to develop atherosclerotic aortic lesions in contrast to several highly susceptible strains of mice (e.g. C57BL/6J, Stock No. 000664; C57L/J, Stock No. 000668, C57BR/cdJ, Stock No. 000667, and SM/J, Stock No. 000687). In addition to atherosclerosis resistance, A/J mice are resistant to diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. On either chow or high fat diet, A/J mice maintain low glucose and insulin levels.

A/J mice develop cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in approximately half the time when compared with C57BL/6J mice. Structural lung damage caused by induced asthma mimics the phenotype found in asthma patients more closely than does the induced damage in BALB/c mice.

A strain characteristic of A/J is a late onset (four to five months) progressive muscular dystrophy as a result of a homozygous retrotransposon insertion in the dysferlin (Dysf) gene. Myofibers in Dysf^prmd homozygotes undergo degeneration and regeneration, and their nuclei are placed centrally. Proximal muscles are more severely affected than distal muscles (Ho M, et al. 2004).

Sequencing of the mitochondrial genome of A/J reveals 10 adenines in a polymorphic adenine repeat sequence in the mt-Tr sequence. This repeat contains nine adenines in NOD/ShiLtJ, A/HeJ, A/WySnJ, and SKH2/J and 10 adenines in A/J, and NZB/B1NJ, and likely enhances the hearing loss associated with the Cdh23^ahl allele (Johnson et al. 2001).

Selected References

Anunciado RV; Nishimura M; Mori M; Ishikawa A; Tanaka S; Horio F; Ohno T; Namikawa T. 2003. Quantitative trait locus analysis of serum insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol and phospholipid levels in the (SM/J x A/J)F2 mice. Exp Anim 52(1):37-42. PubMed: 12638235 MGI: J:82274
Mattson DL. 2001. Comparison of arterial blood pressure in different strains of mice. Am J Hypertens 14(5 Pt 1):405-8. PubMed: 11368457 MGI: J:109876
Paigen B; Ishida BY; Verstuyft J; Winters RB; Albee D. 1990. Atherosclerosis susceptibility differences among progenitors of recombinant inbred strains of mice. Arteriosclerosis 10(2):316-23. PubMed: 2317166 MGI: J:22615
Petkov PM; Cassell MA; Sargent EE; Donnelly CJ; Robinson P; Crew V; Asquith S; Haar RV; Wiles MV. 2004. Development of a SNP genotyping panel for genetic monitoring of the laboratory mouse. Genomics 83(5):902-11. PubMed: 15081119 MGI: J:89298
Strong LC. 1936. The establishment of the "A" strain of inbred mice J Hered 27:21-24. MGI: J:2481
Timmermans S; Van Montagu M; Libert C. 2017. Complete overview of protein-inactivating sequence variations in 36 sequenced mouse inbred strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114(34):9158-9163. PubMed: 28784771 MGI: J:244295

View All References

Genetics

Ahr^b-2

Allele Symbol: Ahr^b-2

Allele Name	b-2 variant
Allele Type	Not Applicable
Allele Synonym(s)	Ah^b-2; Ah^h
Gene Symbol and Name	Ahr, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor
Gene Synonym(s)	Ah; Ahh; Ahre; In; aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness; aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase; bHLHe76; dioxin receptor; inflammatory reactivity
Strain of Origin	BALB/cBy
Chromosome	12
General Note	C57BL/6 carries the responsive Ahr^b allele; DBA/2 carries nonresponsive Ahr^d. Heterozygotes (Ahr^b/Ahr^d) are responsive (J:5282). Later work identified a second (J:8895) and later a third (J:22144) allele conferring response. Thus the allele in C57, C58, and MA/My strains is now Ahr^b-1; Ahr^b-2 is carried by BALB/cBy, A, and C3H; and Ahr^b-3 by Mus spretus, M. caroli, and MOLF/Ei. The nonresponsive strains AKR, DBA/2, and 129 carry Ahrd (J:22144). Nucleotide and amino acid sequence differences between Ahr^b-1 and Ahr^d have been determined (J:17460). Strain of origin - this allele was found in BALB/cByJ, A/J, C3H/HeJ, CBA strains
Molecular Note	This allele encodes a high affinity, heat labile, 104 kDa receptor containing 848 amino acids. Sequencing studies of cDNA from C57BL/6J congenic mice homozygous for this allele identified nucleotide substitutions in the ORF that would cause 5 amino acid differences between the C57BL/6J and BALB/cBy peptides, and 2 amino acid differences between the BALB/cBy and DBA/2J peptides. A T to C transition in exon 11 replaces the opal termination codon in the C57BL/6J allele with an arginine codon in the BALB/cBy allele. This change would extend translation of the BALB/cBy mRNA by 43 amino acids, accounting for the larger size of the peptide produced by this allele (104 kDa, vs 95 kDa for the C57BL/6J allele).

Bhr1^A/J

Allele Symbol: Bhr1^A/J

Allele Name	A/J
Allele Type	QTL
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Bhr1, bronchial hyperresponsiveness 1
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	A/J
Chromosome	2
General Note	Heterozygosity for A/J-derived alleles at both Bhr1 and Bhr5 is sufficient to confer the airway hyperresponsive phenotype.
Molecular Note	This allele confers increased airway hyperresponsiveness compared to C57BL/6J.

Bhr5^A/J

Allele Symbol: Bhr5^A/J

Allele Name	A/J
Allele Type	QTL
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Bhr5, bronchial hyperresponsiveness 5
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	A/J
Chromosome	6
General Note	Heterozygosity for A/J-derived alleles at both Bhr1 and Bhr5 is sufficient to confer the airway hyperresponsive phenotype.
Molecular Note	This allele confers susceptibility to airway hyperresponsiveness compared to C3H/HeJ.

Cdh23^ahl

Allele Symbol: Cdh23^ahl

Allele Name	age related hearing loss 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Cdh23^753A; mdfw
Gene Symbol and Name	Cdh23, cadherin 23 (otocadherin)
Gene Synonym(s)	4930542A03Rik; 4930542A03Rik; CDHR23; PITA5; RIKEN cDNA 4930542A03 gene; USH1D; W; age related hearing loss 1; ahl; ahl; bob; bob; bobby; bus; bustling; mdfw; mdfw; modifier of deaf waddler; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 112; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 181; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 252; nmf112; nmf112; nmf181; nmf181; nmf252; nmf252; sals; sals; salsa; v; waltzer
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	10
Molecular Note	Genetic complementation tests have shown allelism between the mdfw (modifier of deaf waddler) locus and the ahl locus. Further analysis has shown this is caused by a G to A transition at nucleotide position 753 of Cdh23. This hypomorphic allele causes in frame skipping of exon 7, which is predicted to delete part of the 2nd and 3rd ectodomains, and cause reduced message stability. Twenty-seven strains classified with ahl and carrying the 753A allele include: CD-1, RBF/DnJ, PL/J, AKR/J, RF/J, BALB/cBy, A/WySnJ, P/J, SENCARA/PtJ, DBA/1J, ALS/LtJ, C58/J, C57BLKS/J, 129P1/ReJ, C57BR/cd, SKH2/J, BUB/Bn, MA/MyJ, LP/J, 129X1/SvJ, NOR/LtJ, A/J, C57BL/6, NOD/LtJ, DBA/2J, ALR/LtJ, C57L/J. Strains classified with ahl that DO NOT carry this mutation include: C3H/HeSnJ, I/LnJ, YBR/Ei, MRL/MpJ.

Cs^ahl4

Allele Symbol: Cs^ahl4

Allele Name	age related hearing loss 4
Allele Type	Spontaneous (Not Specified)
Allele Synonym(s)	Cs^ahl4-A/J; Cs^rs29358506-A
Gene Symbol and Name	Cs, citrate synthase
Gene Synonym(s)	2610511A05Rik; 2610511A05Rik; 9030605P22Rik; 9030605P22Rik; Ahl4; BB234005; Cis; Cis; RIKEN cDNA 2610511A05 gene; RIKEN cDNA 9030605P22 gene; age related hearing loss 4; ahl4; expressed sequence BB234005
Strain of Origin	A/J
Chromosome	10
General Note	This mutation likely occurred in the A/J lineage between 1928 and 1975. J:188196
Molecular Note	The C to A nucleotide change in exon 3 of A/J (SNP rs29358506) mice causes a nonconservative amino acid change, from histidine (H) to asparagine (N) at position 55 of the protein (H55N). This histidine is highly conserved in the orthologous proteins of all mammals and in many other species indicating that it is likely to be functionally important. A/WySnJ and A/HeJ contain a C at this SNP.

Dysf^prmd

Allele Symbol: Dysf^prmd

Allele Name	progressive muscular dystrophy
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Dysf, dysferlin
Gene Synonym(s)	2310004N10Rik; 2310004N10Rik; AI604795; D6Pas3; DNA segment, Chr 6, Pasteur Institute 3; FER1L1; LGMD2B; MMD1; RIKEN cDNA 2310004N10 gene; expressed sequence AI604795
Strain of Origin	A/J
Chromosome	6
Molecular Note	A retrotransposon insertion occurred within intron 4, causing aberrant splicing of the gene. Protein was abolished as shown by Northern blot and immunoblot analysis. The insertion was 6000bp in size. This allele was found only in A/J mice, not in A/WySnJ, A/HeJ, C57BL/6J, SJL/J, SWR/J or 129/SvJ mice.
Mutations Made By	Douglas Albrecht, Jain Foundation Inc

Hc⁰

Allele Symbol: Hc⁰

Allele Name	deficient
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	C5-; C5-d; C5-def; C5-deficient; Hc^Hfib2; hc^o
Gene Symbol and Name	Hc, hemolytic complement
Gene Synonym(s)	C5; C5; C5D; C5a; C5b; CPAMD4; ECLZB; He; He; Hfib2; Hfib2; hepatic fibrogenesis 2
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	2
General Note	This is an allele characteristic of various inbred mouse strains including the following: A/HeJ, A/J, AKR/J, DBA/2J, NZB/B1NJ, SWR/J, B10.D2/oSnJ Hc was identified as a candidate gene for Abhr2 in a microarray analysis of lung mRNA from A/J, C3H/HeJ, and (A/J x C3H/HeJ)F1 x A/J backcross animals. Hc genotype shows statistically significant correlation to allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsive phenotype. The A/J allele contains a 2 bp deletion resulting in deficient Hc mRNA and protein production and is associated with susceptibility to allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness. (J:108211)
Molecular Note	A 2 base "TA" deletion at positions 62 and 63 of an 83 base pair exon near the 5' end of the gene is found in the following mouse strains: A/HeJ, A/J, AKR/J, DBA/2J, I/LnJ, KK/HlJ, MOLF/EiJ, NZB/B1NJ, RF/J, ST/bJ SWR/J, B10.D2/oSnJ. The consequence of this deletion is the creation of a stop codon starting four bases after the deletion. A truncated product of 216 amino acids is predicted as a result although contradictory reports exist that a larger pro-C5 protein may be synthesized. Nevertheless, macrophages from mouse strains carrying this allele do not secrete complement 5.

Il3ra^m1

Allele Symbol: Il3ra^m1

Allele Name	mutation 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Il3ra^A/J; Il3raⁿ
Gene Symbol and Name	Il3ra, interleukin 3 receptor, alpha chain
Gene Synonym(s)	CD123; Cyrl; IL-3 receptor alpha chain; IL3R; IL3RAY; IL3RX; IL3RY; SUT-1; hIL-3Ra
Strain of Origin	A/J
Chromosome	14
Molecular Note	Sequence analysis revealed A/J mice lack the sequence corresponding to exon 8, which encodes 10 amino acid residues in the extracellular domain. Aberrant splicing was due to a 5 base pair deletion at the branch point in intron 7.

Micrlⁿ

Allele Symbol: Micrlⁿ

Allele Name	non-responder
Allele Type	QTL
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Micrl, microwave induced increase in complement receptor B cells
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	5
General Note	The following inbred strains are homozygous for the recessive QTL, Micrl, and do not respond to microwave exposure by increasing splenic C3 receptor-bearing B cells: A/J, BALB/cJ, C3HeB/FeN, C57BL/6J, C57BL/10J (inferred from the response of two congenic lines "B10.BR", "B10.D2", "B10.D2"),C58/J, AK.B6-H2^b, and B6.AK-H2^k. These recombinant inbred strains are also non-responding: BXH2/Ty, BXH6/Ty, BXH7/Ty, BXH12/Ty, and BXH14/Ty.

Naip5^Lgn1-s

Allele Symbol: Naip5^Lgn1-s

Allele Name	Legionella, susceptiblility 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Lgn1^s
Gene Symbol and Name	Naip5, NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein 5
Gene Synonym(s)	BIRC1; Birc1; Birc1a; Birc1b; Birc1e; Birc1e; Legionella, susceptiblility 1; Lgn1; Lgn1; NLRB1; Naip; Naip-rs3; Naip-rs3; Naip2; RGD1559914; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 1e; neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein 5; neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein, related sequence 3; psiNAIP
Strain of Origin	A/J
Chromosome	13
Molecular Note	A/J mice are susceptible to infection by Legionella pneumophilia. This susceptibility is heritable and is caused by a polymorphism in the Naip5 gene. Expression of BAC clones containing the Naip5 gene from resistant strains (C57BL/6J and 129X1/SvJ) in A/J mice rendered transgenic mice resistant to infection (J:81887, J:129300). In addition, Western blot experiments demonstrated that the NAIP5 protein is not expressed in A/J macrophages, while robust expression is seen in macrophages from resistant strains such as C57BL/6J. Sequence polymorphisms in this gene between susceptible and resistant strains were identified that may account for the difference in phenotype. In addition, morpholino antisense inhibition of NAIP5 activity in mouse macrophages from resistant mice resulted in an increase in permissiveness of Legionella replication (J:129300).

Nrg3^ska

Allele Symbol: Nrg3^ska

Allele Name	scaramanga
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	ska
Gene Symbol and Name	Nrg3, neuregulin 3
Gene Synonym(s)	HRG3; RGD1559678; pro-NRG3; scaramanga; ska; ska
Strain of Origin	A/J
Chromosome	14
Molecular Note	This allele maps to an interval between the microsatellite markers D14Mit14 and D14Mit80 located at 10.0 cM and 13.5 cM. The mutation identified is a microsatellite repeat within intron 7 of the gene. This simple sequence repeat (SSR) was found to completely cosegregate with the ska phenotype.

Rmcf^s

Allele Symbol: Rmcf^s

Allele Name	MCF sensitive
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Rmcf, resistance to MCF virus
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	5
General Note	This locus controls resistance and susceptibility of cells in tissue culture to infection by mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia viruses. The allele Rmcf^r determines resistance and occurs in strains DBA/1, DBA/2, and CBA/Ca; the allele Rmcf^s determines susceptibility and occurs in strains AKR/J, C57BL/6, BALB/c, CBA/J, NFS, NZB, 129/J, and many others. Heterozygotes are as resistant as the resistant parent or nearly so. Rmcf is different from and independent of Fv1, a locus that controls susceptibility to infection by ecotropic viruses. Rmcf is located on Chr 5 close to Hm near the centromeric end (J:7108). Rmcf^r protects (AKR x CBA/Ca)F1 and (AKR x DBA/2)F1 hybrids from development of spontaneous thymic lymphomas and reduces the incidence of MCF-induced thymic lymphomas (J:7175). It also reduces susceptibility of cells of Sxv^s/Sxv^r mice to exogenous xenotropic viruses (J:7951). In addition, in strains susceptible to Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia, a condition thought to be due to the replication of MCF virus, Rmcf^r increases resistance to the virus-induced erythroleukemia. It may cause resistance by coding for or regulating the production of an MCF-related envelope glycoprotein that blocks the receptor for MCF viruses (J:8074). This conclusion is reinforced by the findings of Buller et al. (J:8497), who showed that the Rmcf^r allele contains an endogenous MCF gp70 env gene and that the Rmcf^s allele, at least in some strains (C57BL/6, CBA/J, and A/WySn), contains a xenotropic gp70 env gene. Presumably the MCF gp70 inhibits exogenous MCF infection in vitro by a mechanism of viral interference.
Molecular Note	This locus controls resistance of cells to infection by mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia viruses. The recessive s (susceptible) allele is found in AKR/J, C57BL/6, BALB/c, CBA/J, NFS, NZB and 129/J.

Wnt9b^clf1

Allele Symbol: Wnt9b^clf1

Allele Name	cleft lip 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Wnt9b, wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 9B
Gene Synonym(s)	WNT14B; WNT15; Wnt14b; Wnt15; Wnt15; cleft lip; cleft lip 1; clf; clf; clf1; clf1; wingless-type MMTV integration site 15
Strain of Origin	A/WySn
Chromosome	11
General Note	Unequal duplicate epistasis - the normal allele at clf1 is a dominant suppressor of the recessive phenotype at clf2, and the normal allele at clf2 is a semidominant suppressor of the recessive phenotype at the clf1 locus.
Molecular Note	This mutation is a novel insertion of an IAP transposon 3' from the gene. In addition, a standard genetic test of allelism between clf1 and a Wnt9b targeted mutation demonstrated noncomplementation, showing clf1 is an allele of Wnt9b.

mt-Tr^m1

Allele Symbol: mt-Tr^m1

Allele Name	mutation 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	10A
Gene Symbol and Name	mt-Tr, mitochondrially encoded tRNA arginine
Gene Synonym(s)	MTTR; TrnR tRNA; tRNA; tRNA-Arg
Strain of Origin	various
Chromosome	MT
General Note	This polymorphism is present in A/J, NZB/B1NJ, ALS/Lt and NOD/ShiLtJ. A variant with 9 adenines is found in NOD/ShiLtDvs, ALR/Lt and SKH2/J.
Molecular Note	The adenine repeat in the D stem is polymorphic with 10 adenines in this allele.

Disease/Phenotype

Disease Terms

Research Areas By Genotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Cancer Research
- Increased Tumor Incidence
  - Adenomas
  - Adenomas: lung
  - Mammary Gland Tumors
  - Mammary Gland Tumors: late onset
Cardiovascular Research
- Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis
  - Relatively Resistant
Developmental Biology Research
- Craniofacial and Palate Defects
  - congenital cleft palate
- Internal/Organ Defects
  - gonads
Internal/Organ Research
- Lung Defects
  - COPD
  - emphysema
Neurobiology Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss
- Muscular Dystrophy
  - Limb-Girdle type
Research Tools
- General Purpose
- Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
  - hybridoma production
- Infectious Disease
  - Anthrax
Sensorineural Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss

Genotype: Cdh23^ahl related

Neurobiology Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss
Sensorineural Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss

Genotype: Hc⁰ related

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Immunodeficiency
  - specific complement deficiency
Research Tools
- Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
  - specific complement deficiency, C5 complement

Genotype: Il3ra^m1 related

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- CD Antigens, Antigen Receptors, and Histocompatibility Markers
  - genes regulating susceptibility to infectious disease and endotoxin

Genotype: Naip5^Lgn1-s related

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Immunodeficiency
  - Macrophage defects

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

Genotype: Cdh23^ahl/Cdh23^ahl mt-Tr^m1/?
either: A/J X (A/J x CAST/Ei)F1 or A/J X (CAST/Ei x A/J)F1

hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype

increased or absent threshold for auditory brainstem response
- average ABR threshold is significantly increased by 3 months of age

increased susceptibility to age-related hearing loss
- the presence of this mitochondrial sequence polymorphism in mice homozygous for the ahl allele results in age related hearing loss by 3 months of age, which is absent when the CAST/Ei mitochondrial sequence is instead present

Genotype: Cs^ahl4/Cs^ahl4
A/J

hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype

impaired hearing

increased or absent threshold for auditory brainstem response
- in A/J mice ABR thresholds at 16 and 32 kHz are elevated by 25 days of age and by 3 months of age the ABR thresholds are more than 50 dB above normal

increased susceptibility to age-related hearing loss
- in A/J mice onset of hearing loss is found as early as 25 days of age and is much more severe at 6 months of age than that found in C57BL/6J

Genotype: Dysf^prmd/Dysf^prmd
A/J

behavior/neurological phenotype

abnormal physical strength

limb grasping
- hind-limb clasping develops after 8 months of age
- inability to spread legs when suspended by their tails after 8 months of age

muscle phenotype

abnormal skeletal muscle fiber morphology
- abnormalities primarily in proximal muscles at early ages
- hypertrophic fibers, fiber splitting and fat replacement also seen

abnormal skeletal muscle morphology
- eventually, active myopathy was seen in all skeletal muscles
- perivascular infiltrates and inflammation seen by 8 months of age

centrally nucleated skeletal muscle fibers

skeletal muscle endomysial fibrosis
- endomysial fibrosis at later stages

skeletal muscle fiber degeneration
- fibers with scattered degenerating and regenerating fibers by 4-5 months of age

skeletal muscle fiber necrosis
- increased numbers of necrotic and regenerating fibers with time

Genotype: Il3ra^m1/Il3ra^m1
A/J

hematopoietic system phenotype

abnormal common myeloid progenitor cell morphology
- CFU-GM assays using bone marrow derived cells yield very few colonies in repsonse to interleukin 3, but normal colony growth occurs in response to GM-CSF

abnormal leukopoiesis
- Il3 alone does not support granulocyte/macrophage colony formation in bone marrow cells from A/J mice but does in bone marrow from C57BL/6 controls; costimulation with both Il3 and SCF increases the number of colonies formed compared to SCF alone

immune system phenotype

abnormal leukopoiesis
- Il3 alone does not support granulocyte/macrophage colony formation in bone marrow cells from A/J mice but does in bone marrow from C57BL/6 controls; costimulation with both Il3 and SCF increases the number of colonies formed compared to SCF alone

Genotype: Naip5^Lgn1-s/Naip5^Lgn1-s
A/J

immune system phenotype

increased susceptibility to bacterial infection
- peritoneal macrophages derived from A/J mice are susceptible to Legionella pneumophilia infection; infected macrophages show a 10-fold increase in bacterial burden after 1 day of infection compared to resistant controls (C57BL/6J)

Genotype: Nrg3^ska/Nrg3^ska
A/J

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype

abnormal mammary gland development
- Background Sensitivity - 95% of female A/J mice display an altered pattern of mammary gland development compared with C57BL/6 which showed no abnormalities in this study

abnormal mammary gland pattern
- 95% of females have abnormal mammary gland development

abnormal nipple development

absent mammary gland
- Background Sensitivity - when observed involves only glands of pair #3
- 55% of females observed have this phenotype

ectopic mammary gland
- 29% of females observed had this phenotype
- misplacement is usually observed with gland #3

ectopic nipples

increased mammary gland number
- 31% of the females observed have this phenotype or supernumerary nipples
- occasionally found between glands #2 and #4 or below #3 gland along the milkline

increased nipple number
- connected to distinct underlying ductal systems; not connected to the major ductal system of the normal gland
- easily observed at 21 days of age
- most commonly observed laterally to a #4 gland and displaced away from the mid-line
- this phenotype or supernumerary mammary glands comprise 31% of mice observed

integument phenotype

abnormal mammary gland development
- Background Sensitivity - 95% of female A/J mice display an altered pattern of mammary gland development compared with C57BL/6 which showed no abnormalities in this study

abnormal mammary gland pattern
- 95% of females have abnormal mammary gland development

abnormal nipple development

absent mammary gland
- Background Sensitivity - when observed involves only glands of pair #3
- 55% of females observed have this phenotype

ectopic mammary gland
- 29% of females observed had this phenotype
- misplacement is usually observed with gland #3

ectopic nipples

increased mammary gland number
- 31% of the females observed have this phenotype or supernumerary nipples
- occasionally found between glands #2 and #4 or below #3 gland along the milkline

increased nipple number
- connected to distinct underlying ductal systems; not connected to the major ductal system of the normal gland
- easily observed at 21 days of age
- most commonly observed laterally to a #4 gland and displaced away from the mid-line
- this phenotype or supernumerary mammary glands comprise 31% of mice observed

Phenotype Information

Body Weight Information - JAX^® Mice Strain A/J (000646)

References

Anunciado RV; Nishimura M; Mori M; Ishikawa A; Tanaka S; Horio F; Ohno T; Namikawa T. 2003. Quantitative trait locus analysis of serum insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol and phospholipid levels in the (SM/J x A/J)F2 mice. Exp Anim 52(1):37-42. PubMed: 12638235 MGI: J:82274
Mattson DL. 2001. Comparison of arterial blood pressure in different strains of mice. Am J Hypertens 14(5 Pt 1):405-8. PubMed: 11368457 MGI: J:109876
Paigen B; Ishida BY; Verstuyft J; Winters RB; Albee D. 1990. Atherosclerosis susceptibility differences among progenitors of recombinant inbred strains of mice. Arteriosclerosis 10(2):316-23. PubMed: 2317166 MGI: J:22615
Petkov PM; Cassell MA; Sargent EE; Donnelly CJ; Robinson P; Crew V; Asquith S; Haar RV; Wiles MV. 2004. Development of a SNP genotyping panel for genetic monitoring of the laboratory mouse. Genomics 83(5):902-11. PubMed: 15081119 MGI: J:89298
Strong LC. 1936. The establishment of the "A" strain of inbred mice J Hered 27:21-24. MGI: J:2481
Timmermans S; Van Montagu M; Libert C. 2017. Complete overview of protein-inactivating sequence variations in 36 sequenced mouse inbred strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114(34):9158-9163. PubMed: 28784771 MGI: J:244295

Additional References

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Johnson KR; Gagnon LH; Longo-Guess C; Kane KL. 2012. Association of a citrate synthase missense mutation with age-related hearing loss in A/J mice. Neurobiol Aging 33(8):1720-9. PubMed: 21803452 MGI: J:188196
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Additional - Hc⁰ related

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Younger JG; Shankar-Sinha S; Mickiewicz M; Brinkman AS; Valencia GA; Sarma JV; Younkin EM; Standiford TJ; Zetoune FS; Ward PA. 2003. Murine complement interactions with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their consequences during pneumonia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 29(4):432-8. PubMed: 14500254 MGI: J:94613
Zal T; Volkmann A; Stockinger B. 1994. Mechanisms of tolerance induction in major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted T cells specific for a blood-borne self-antigen. J Exp Med 180(6):2089-99. PubMed: 7964486 MGI: J:111649
Zal T; Weiss S; Mellor A; Stockinger B. 1996. Expression of a second receptor rescues self-specific T cells from thymic deletion and allows activation of autoreactive effector function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(17):9102-7. PubMed: 8799161 MGI: J:151753
Zhou W; Farrar CA; Abe K; Pratt JR; Marsh JE; Wang Y; Stahl GL; Sacks SH. 2000. Predominant role for C5b-9 in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Clin Invest 105(10):1363-71. PubMed: 10811844 MGI: J:120567
de Jorge EG; Macor P; Paixao-Cavalcante D; Rose KL; Tedesco F; Cook HT; Botto M; Pickering MC. 2011. The development of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome depends on complement C5. J Am Soc Nephrol 22(1):137-45. PubMed: 21148255 MGI: J:185883

Additional - Il3ra^m1 related

Gainsford T; Roberts AW; Kimura S; Metcalf D; Dranoff G; Mulligan RC; Begley CG; Robb L; Alexander WS. 1998. Cytokine production and function in c-mpl-deficient mice: no physiologic role for interleukin-3 in residual megakaryocyte and platelet production. Blood 91(8):2745-52. PubMed: 9531584 MGI: J:47462
Hara T; Ichihara M; Takagi M; Miyajima A. 1995. Interleukin-3 (IL-3) poor-responsive inbred mouse strains carry the identical deletion of a branch point in the IL-3 receptor alpha subunit gene. Blood 85(9):2331-6. PubMed: 7727767 MGI: J:24918
Ichihara M; Hara T; Takagi M; Cho LC; Gorman DM; Miyajima A. 1995. Impaired interleukin-3 (IL-3) response of the A/J mouse is caused by a branch point deletion in the IL-3 receptor alpha subunit gene. EMBO J 14(5):939-50. PubMed: 7889941 MGI: J:23971

Additional - Micrlⁿ related

Schlagel CJ; Ahmed A. 1982. Evidence for genetic control of microwave-induced augmentation of complement receptor-bearing B lymphocytes. J Immunol 129(4):1530-3. PubMed: 6980940 MGI: J:6835

Additional - mt-Tr^m1 related

Johnson KR; Gagnon LH; Longo-Guess C; Kane KL. 2012. Association of a citrate synthase missense mutation with age-related hearing loss in A/J mice. Neurobiol Aging 33(8):1720-9. PubMed: 21803452 MGI: J:188196
Johnson KR; Zheng QY; Bykhovskaya Y; Spirina O; Fischel-Ghodsian N. 2001. A nuclear-mitochondrial DNA interaction affecting hearing impairment in mice. Nat Genet 27(2):191-4. PubMed: 11175788 MGI: J:67312
Johnson KR; Zheng QY; Noben-Trauth K. 2006. Strain background effects and genetic modifiers of hearing in mice. Brain Res 1091(1):79-88. PubMed: 16579977 MGI: J:110459
Mathews CE; Leiter EH; Spirina O; Bykhovskaya Y; Gusdon AM; Ringquist S; Fischel-Ghodsian N. 2005. mt-Nd2 Allele of the ALR/Lt mouse confers resistance against both chemically induced and autoimmune diabetes. Diabetologia 48(2):261-7. PubMed: 15692809 MGI: J:97969

Additional - Naip5^Lgn1-s related

Archer KA; Ader F; Kobayashi KS; Flavell RA; Roy CR. 2010. Cooperation between multiple microbial pattern recognition systems is important for host protection against the intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila. Infect Immun 78(6):2477-87. PubMed: 20351139 MGI: J:159981
Brieland J; Freeman P; Kunkel R; Chrisp C; Hurley M; Fantone J; Engleberg C. 1994. Replicative Legionella pneumophila lung infection in intratracheally inoculated A/J mice. A murine model of human Legionnaires' disease. Am J Pathol 145(6):1537-46. PubMed: 7992856 MGI: J:36191
Derre I; Isberg RR. 2004. Macrophages from mice with the restrictive Lgn1 allele exhibit multifactorial resistance to Legionella pneumophila. Infect Immun 72(11):6221-9. PubMed: 15501747 MGI: J:93274
Diez E; Lee SH; Gauthier S; Yaraghi Z; Tremblay M; Vidal S; Gros P. 2003. Birc1e is the gene within the Lgn1 locus associated with resistance to Legionella pneumophila. Nat Genet 33(1):55-60. PubMed: 12483212 MGI: J:81887
Fortier A; de Chastellier C; Balor S; Gros P. 2007. Birc1e/Naip5 rapidly antagonizes modulation of phagosome maturation by Legionella pneumophila. Cell Microbiol 9(4):910-23. PubMed: 17087731 MGI: J:148674
Lamkanfi M; Amer A; Kanneganti TD; Munoz-Planillo R; Chen G; Vandenabeele P; Fortier A; Gros P; Nunez G. 2007. The Nod-like receptor family member Naip5/Birc1e restricts Legionella pneumophila growth independently of caspase-1 activation. J Immunol 178(12):8022-7. PubMed: 17548639 MGI: J:148581
Losick VP; Stephan K; Smirnova II; Isberg RR; Poltorak A. 2009. A hemidominant Naip5 allele in mouse strain MOLF/Ei-derived macrophages restricts Legionella pneumophila intracellular growth. Infect Immun 77(1):196-204. PubMed: 18981241 MGI: J:143768
Miyamoto H; Maruta K; Ogawa M; Beckers MC; Gros P; Yoshida S. 1996. Spectrum of Legionella species whose intracellular multiplication in murine macrophages is genetically controlled by Lgn1. Infect Immun 64(5):1842-5. PubMed: 8613400 MGI: J:33896
Molofsky AB; Byrne BG; Whitfield NN; Madigan CA; Fuse ET; Tateda K; Swanson MS. 2006. Cytosolic recognition of flagellin by mouse macrophages restricts Legionella pneumophila infection. J Exp Med 203(4):1093-104. PubMed: 16606669 MGI: J:123813
Wright EK; Goodart SA; Growney JD; Hadinoto V; Endrizzi MG; Long EM; Sadigh K; Abney AL; Bernstein-Hanley I; Dietrich WF. 2003. Naip5 affects host susceptibility to the intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila. Curr Biol 13(1):27-36. PubMed: 12526741 MGI: J:129300
Yamamoto Y; Klein TW; Brown RK; Friedman H. 1992. Electron micrographic analysis of macrophages from genetically susceptible vs. resistant mice infected with Legionella pneumophila J Leukoc Biol Suppl 3:1-63 (35). PubMed: 1392410 MGI: J:2930
Yamamoto Y; Klein TW; Friedman H. 1992. Genetic control of macrophage susceptibility to infection by Legionella pneumophila. FEMS Microbiol Immunol 4(3):137-45. PubMed: 1575991 MGI: J:1635
Yoshida S; Goto Y; Mizuguchi Y; Nomoto K; Skamene E. 1991. Genetic control of natural resistance in mouse macrophages regulating intracellular Legionella pneumophila multiplication in vitro. Infect Immun 59(1):428-32. PubMed: 1987055 MGI: J:20633

Additional - Nrg3^ska related

Howard B; Panchal H; McCarthy A; Ashworth A. 2005. Identification of the scaramanga gene implicates Neuregulin3 in mammary gland specification. Genes Dev 19(17):2078-90. PubMed: 16140987 MGI: J:100495
Howard BA; Gusterson BA. 2000. Mammary gland patterning in the AXB/BXA recombinant inbred strains of mouse. Mech Dev 91(1-2):305-9. PubMed: 10704854 MGI: J:61355
Howard BA; Gusterson BA. 2000. The characterization of a mouse mutant that displays abnormal mammary gland development. Mamm Genome 11(3):234-7. PubMed: 10723730 MGI: J:60708

Additional - Rmcf^s related

Buller RS; Sitbon M; Portis JL. 1988. The endogenous mink cell focus-forming (MCF) gp70 linked to the Rmcf gene restricts MCF virus replication in vivo and provides partial resistance to erythroleukemia induced by Friend murine leukemia virus. J Exp Med 167(5):1535-46. PubMed: 2835418 MGI: J:27618
Hartley JW; Yetter RA; Morse HC 3rd. 1983. A mouse gene on chromosome 5 that restricts infectivity of mink cell focus-forming recombinant murine leukemia viruses. J Exp Med 158(1):16-24. PubMed: 6306133 MGI: J:7108
Jung YT; Lyu MS; Buckler-White A; Kozak CA. 2002. Characterization of a polytropic murine leukemia virus proviral sequence associated with the virus resistance gene Rmcf of DBA/2 mice. J Virol 76(16):8218-24. PubMed: 12134027 MGI: J:78083

Additional - Wnt9b^clf1 related

Juriloff DM. 1986. Major genes that cause cleft lip in mice: progress in the construction of a congenic strain and in linkage mapping. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol Suppl 2:55-66. PubMed: 3491125 MGI: J:22596
Juriloff DM. 1995. Genetic analysis of the construction of the AEJ.A congenic strain indicates that nonsyndromic CL(P) in the mouse is caused by two loci with epistatic interaction. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 15(1):1-12. PubMed: 7601909 MGI: J:25484
Juriloff DM; Harris MJ; Brown CJ. 2001. Unravelling the complex genetics of cleft lip in the mouse model. Mamm Genome 12(6):426-35. PubMed: 11353389 MGI: J:69826
Juriloff DM; Harris MJ; Dewell SL. 2004. A digenic cause of cleft lip in A-strain mice and definition of candidate genes for the two loci. Birth Defects Res Part A Clin Mol Teratol 70(8):509-18. PubMed: 15329828 MGI: J:92341
Juriloff DM; Harris MJ; Dewell SL; Brown CJ; Mager DL; Gagnier L; Mah DG. 2005. Investigations of the genomic region that contains the clf1 mutation, a causal gene in multifactorial cleft lip and palate in mice. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 73(2):103-13. PubMed: 15690355 MGI: J:96061
Juriloff DM; Harris MJ; McMahon AP; Carroll TJ; Lidral AC. 2006. Wnt9b is the mutated gene involved in multifactorial nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in A/WySn mice, as confirmed by a genetic complementation test. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 76(8):574-9. PubMed: 16998816 MGI: J:117594

Also Known As: A, AJ

Genetic overview

Research Applications

Base Price

Volume Pricing Available!

Important Note

Detailed Description

Selected References

Ahrb-2

Allele Symbol: Ahrb-2

Bhr1A/J

Allele Symbol: Bhr1A/J

Bhr5A/J

Allele Symbol: Bhr5A/J

Cdh23ahl

Allele Symbol: Cdh23ahl

Csahl4

Allele Symbol: Csahl4

Dysfprmd

Allele Symbol: Dysfprmd

Hc0

Allele Symbol: Hc0

Il3ram1

Allele Symbol: Il3ram1

Micrln

Allele Symbol: Micrln

Naip5Lgn1-s

Allele Symbol: Naip5Lgn1-s

Nrg3ska

Allele Symbol: Nrg3ska

Rmcfs

Allele Symbol: Rmcfs

Wnt9bclf1

Allele Symbol: Wnt9bclf1

mt-Trm1

Allele Symbol: mt-Trm1

Disease Terms

Research Areas By Genotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Genotype: Cdh23ahl related

Genotype: Hc0 related

Genotype: Il3ram1 related

Genotype: Naip5Lgn1-s related

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

Genotype: Cdh23ahl/Cdh23ahl mt-Trm1/?either: A/J X (A/J x CAST/Ei)F1 or A/J X (CAST/Ei x A/J)F1

hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype

Genotype: Csahl4/Csahl4A/J

hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype

Genotype: Dysfprmd/DysfprmdA/J

behavior/neurological phenotype

muscle phenotype

Genotype: Il3ram1/Il3ram1A/J

hematopoietic system phenotype

immune system phenotype

Genotype: Naip5Lgn1-s/Naip5Lgn1-sA/J

immune system phenotype

Genotype: Nrg3ska/Nrg3skaA/J

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype

integument phenotype

Phenotype Information

References

Additional References

Additional - Ahrb-2 related

Additional - Bhr1A/J related

Additional - Bhr5A/J related

Additional - Cdh23ahl related

Additional - Csahl4 related

Additional - Dysfprmd related

Additional - Hc0 related

Additional - Il3ram1 related

Additional - Micrln related

Additional - mt-Trm1 related

Additional - Naip5Lgn1-s related

Additional - Nrg3ska related

Additional - Rmcfs related

Additional - Wnt9bclf1 related

Genotyping Protocols

Dietary Information

Breeding Considerations

Mating System

Ahr^b-2

Allele Symbol: Ahr^b-2

Bhr1^A/J

Allele Symbol: Bhr1^A/J

Bhr5^A/J

Allele Symbol: Bhr5^A/J

Cdh23^ahl

Allele Symbol: Cdh23^ahl

Cs^ahl4

Allele Symbol: Cs^ahl4

Dysf^prmd

Allele Symbol: Dysf^prmd

Hc⁰

Allele Symbol: Hc⁰

Il3ra^m1

Allele Symbol: Il3ra^m1

Micrlⁿ

Allele Symbol: Micrlⁿ

Naip5^Lgn1-s

Allele Symbol: Naip5^Lgn1-s

Nrg3^ska

Allele Symbol: Nrg3^ska

Rmcf^s

Allele Symbol: Rmcf^s

Wnt9b^clf1

Allele Symbol: Wnt9b^clf1

mt-Tr^m1

Allele Symbol: mt-Tr^m1

Genotype: Cdh23^ahl related

Genotype: Hc⁰ related

Genotype: Il3ra^m1 related

Genotype: Naip5^Lgn1-s related

Genotype: Cdh23^ahl/Cdh23^ahl mt-Tr^m1/?
either: A/J X (A/J x CAST/Ei)F1 or A/J X (CAST/Ei x A/J)F1

Genotype: Cs^ahl4/Cs^ahl4
A/J

Genotype: Dysf^prmd/Dysf^prmd
A/J

Genotype: Il3ra^m1/Il3ra^m1
A/J

Genotype: Naip5^Lgn1-s/Naip5^Lgn1-s
A/J

Genotype: Nrg3^ska/Nrg3^ska
A/J

Additional - Ahr^b-2 related

Additional - Bhr1^A/J related

Additional - Bhr5^A/J related

Additional - Cdh23^ahl related

Additional - Cs^ahl4 related

Additional - Dysf^prmd related

Additional - Hc⁰ related

Additional - Il3ra^m1 related

Additional - Micrlⁿ related

Additional - mt-Tr^m1 related

Additional - Naip5^Lgn1-s related

Additional - Nrg3^ska related

Additional - Rmcf^s related

Additional - Wnt9b^clf1 related