JAX Mouse Strain Datasheet - 000646

A/J

Stock No:: 000646

Inbred Strain

Readily Available

Overview

Also Known As: A, AJ

A/J inbred mice are widely used to model cancer and for carcinogen testing given their high susceptibility to carcinogen-induced tumors. Other uses include hybridoma production for immunology applications, cardiovascular research, developmental biology (low background incidence of cleft palate; high susceptibility to cortisone-induced cleft palate) and sensorineural given their early hearing loss.

Genetic overview

Genetic Background	Generation
	F297 (05-AUG-14)

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Research Applications

Cancer Research
Cardiovascular Research
Developmental Biology Research
Internal/Organ Research
Neurobiology Research
Research Tools
Sensorineural Research
Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research

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Details

Important Note

This strain is homozygous for Cdh23^ahl, the age related hearing loss 1 mutation, and ahl4, which on this background result in progressive hearing loss with onset between three and five months of age.

Detailed Description

Developed by LC Strong in 1921 from a cross between a Cold Spring Harbor albino and a Bagg albino, the A/J inbred strain is widely used in cancer and immunology research. It is highly susceptible to cortisone-induced congenital cleft palate. It has a high incidence of spontaneous lung adenomas, and lung tumors readily develop in response to carcinogens. A high percentage of mammary adenocarcinomas (a large proportion of acinar-type) develop in multiparous females. Rare spontaneous myoepitheliomas arising from myoepithelial cells of various exocrine glands have been observed in The Jackson Laboratory substrains.

A/J mice fed an atherogenic diet (1.25% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid, and 15% fat) fail to develop atherosclerotic aortic lesions in contrast to several highly susceptible strains of mice (e.g. C57BL/6J, Stock No. 000664; C57L/J, Stock No. 000668, C57BR/cdJ, Stock No. 000667, and SM/J, Stock No. 000687). In addition to atherosclerosis resistance, A/J mice are resistant to diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. On either chow or high fat diet, A/J mice maintain low glucose and insulin levels.

A/J mice develop cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in approximately half the time when compared with C57BL/6J mice. Structural lung damage caused by induced asthma mimics the phenotype found in asthma patients more closely than does the induced damage in BALB/c mice.

A strain characteristic of A/J is a late onset (four to five months) progressive muscular dystrophy as a result of a homozygous retrotransposon insertion in the dysferlin (Dysf) gene. Myofibers in Dysf^prmd homozygotes undergo degeneration and regeneration, and their nuclei are placed centrally. Proximal muscles are more severely affected than distal muscles (Ho M, et al. 2004).

Sequencing of the mitochondrial genome of A/J reveals 10 adenines in a polymorphic adenine repeat sequence in the mt-Tr sequence. This repeat contains nine adenines in NOD/ShiLtJ, A/HeJ, A/WySnJ, and SKH2/J and 10 adenines in A/J, and NZB/B1NJ, and likely enhances the hearing loss associated with the Cdh23^ahl allele (Johnson et al. 2001).

Selected References

Anunciado RV; Nishimura M; Mori M; Ishikawa A; Tanaka S; Horio F; Ohno T; Namikawa T. 2003. Quantitative trait locus analysis of serum insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol and phospholipid levels in the (SM/J x A/J)F2 mice. Exp Anim 52(1):37-42. PubMed: 12638235 MGI: J:82274
Mattson DL. 2001. Comparison of arterial blood pressure in different strains of mice. Am J Hypertens 14(5 Pt 1):405-8. PubMed: 11368457 MGI: J:109876
Paigen B; Ishida BY; Verstuyft J; Winters RB; Albee D. 1990. Atherosclerosis susceptibility differences among progenitors of recombinant inbred strains of mice. Arteriosclerosis 10(2):316-23. PubMed: 2317166 MGI: J:22615
Petkov PM; Cassell MA; Sargent EE; Donnelly CJ; Robinson P; Crew V; Asquith S; Haar RV; Wiles MV. 2004. Development of a SNP genotyping panel for genetic monitoring of the laboratory mouse. Genomics 83(5):902-11. PubMed: 15081119 MGI: J:89298
Strong LC. 1936. The establishment of the "A" strain of inbred mice J Hered 27:21-24. MGI: J:2481

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Genetics

Ahr^b-2

Allele Symbol: Ahr^b-2

Allele Name	b-2 variant
Allele Type	Not Applicable
Allele Synonym(s)	Ah^b-2; Ah^h
Gene Symbol and Name	Ahr, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor
Gene Synonym(s)	Ah; Ahh; Ahre; In; aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness; aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase; bHLHe76; dioxin receptor; inflammatory reactivity
Strain of Origin	BALB/cBy
Chromosome	12
General Note	C57BL/6 carries the responsive Ahr^b allele; DBA/2 carries nonresponsive Ahr^d. Heterozygotes (Ahr^b/Ahr^d) are responsive (J:5282). Later work identified a second (J:8895) and later a third (J:22144) allele conferring response. Thus the allele in C57, C58, and MA/My strains is now Ahr^b-1; Ahr^b-2 is carried by BALB/cBy, A, and C3H; and Ahr^b-3 by Mus spretus, M. caroli, and MOLF/Ei. The nonresponsive strains AKR, DBA/2, and 129 carry Ahrd (J:22144). Nucleotide and amino acid sequence differences between Ahr^b-1 and Ahr^d have been determined (J:17460). Strain of origin - this allele was found in BALB/cByJ, A/J, C3H/HeJ, CBA strains
Molecular Note	This allele encodes a high affinity, heat labile, 104 kDa receptor containing 848 amino acids. Sequencing studies of cDNA from C57BL/6J congenic mice homozygous for this allele identified nucleotide substitutions in the ORF that would cause 5 amino acid differences between the C57BL/6J and BALB/cBy peptides, and 2 amino acid differences between the BALB/cBy and DBA/2J peptides. A T to C transition in exon 11 replaces the opal termination codon in the C57BL/6J allele with an arginine codon in the BALB/cBy allele. This change would extend translation of the BALB/cBy mRNA by 43 amino acids, accounting for the larger size of the peptide produced by this allele (104 kDa, vs 95 kDa for the C57BL/6J allele).

Bhr1^A/J

Allele Symbol: Bhr1^A/J

Allele Name	A/J
Allele Type	QTL
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Bhr1, bronchial hyperresponsiveness 1
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	A/J
Chromosome	2
General Note	Heterozygosity for A/J-derived alleles at both Bhr1 and Bhr5 is sufficient to confer the airway hyperresponsive phenotype.
Molecular Note	This allele confers increased airway hyperresponsiveness compared to C57BL/6J.

Bhr5^A/J

Allele Symbol: Bhr5^A/J

Allele Name	A/J
Allele Type	QTL
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Bhr5, bronchial hyperresponsiveness 5
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	A/J
Chromosome	6
General Note	Heterozygosity for A/J-derived alleles at both Bhr1 and Bhr5 is sufficient to confer the airway hyperresponsive phenotype.
Molecular Note	This allele confers susceptibility to airway hyperresponsiveness compared to C3H/HeJ.

Cdh23^ahl

Allele Symbol: Cdh23^ahl

Allele Name	age related hearing loss 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Cdh23^753A; mdfw
Gene Symbol and Name	Cdh23, cadherin 23 (otocadherin)
Gene Synonym(s)	4930542A03Rik; 4930542A03Rik; CDHR23; RIKEN cDNA 4930542A03 gene; USH1D; W; age related hearing loss 1; ahl; ahl; bob; bob; bobby; bus; bustling; mdfw; mdfw; modifier of deaf waddler; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 112; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 181; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 252; nmf112; nmf112; nmf181; nmf181; nmf252; nmf252; sals; sals; salsa; v; waltzer
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	10
Molecular Note	Genetic complementation tests have shown allelism between the mdfw (modifier of deaf waddler) locus and the ahl locus. Further analysis has shown this is caused by a G to A transition at nucleotide position 753 of Cdh23. This hypomorphic allele causes in frame skipping of exon 7, which is predicted to delete part of the 2nd and 3rd ectodomains, and cause reduced message stability. Twenty-seven strains classified with ahl and carrying the 753A allele include: CD1, RBF/DnJ, PL/J, AKR/J, RF/J, BALB/cBy, A/WySnJ, P/J, SENCARA/PtJ, DBA/1J, ALS/LtJ, C58/J, C57BLKS/J, 129P1/ReJ, C57BR/cd, SKH2/J, BUB/Bn, MA/MyJ, LP/J, 129X1/SvJ, NOR/LtJ, A/J, C57BL/6, NOD/LtJ, DBA/2J, ALR/LtJ, C57L/J. Strains classified with ahl that DO NOT carry this mutation include: C3H/HeSnJ, I/LnJ, YBR/Ei, MRL/MpJ.

Cs^ahl4-A/J

Allele Symbol: Cs^ahl4-A/J

Allele Name	A/J
Allele Type	QTL
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Cs, citrate synthase
Gene Synonym(s)	2610511A05Rik; 2610511A05Rik; 9030605P22Rik; 9030605P22Rik; Ahl4; BB234005; Cis; Cis; RIKEN cDNA 2610511A05 gene; RIKEN cDNA 9030605P22 gene; age related hearing loss 4; ahl4; expressed sequence BB234005
Strain of Origin	A/J
Chromosome	10
Molecular Note	The C to A nucleotide change in exon 3 of Cs in A/J (SNP rs29358506) mice causes a nonconservative amino acid change, from histidine (H) to asparagine (N) at position 55 of the CS protein (H55N). This histidine is highly conserved in the orthologous proteins of all mammals and in many other species indicating that it is likely to be functionally important.

Dysf^prmd

Allele Symbol: Dysf^prmd

Allele Name	progressive muscular dystrophy
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Dysf, dysferlin
Gene Synonym(s)	2310004N10Rik; 2310004N10Rik; AI604795; D6Pas3; DNA segment, Chr 6, Pasteur Institute 3; FER1L1; LGMD2B; MMD1; RIKEN cDNA 2310004N10 gene; expressed sequence AI604795
Strain of Origin	A/J
Chromosome	6
Molecular Note	A retrotransposon insertion occurred within intron 4, causing aberrant splicing of the gene. Protein was abolished as shown by Northern blot and immunoblot analysis. The insertion was 6000bp in size. This allele was found only in A/J mice, not in A/WySnJ, A/HeJ, C57BL/6J, SJL/J, SWR/J or 129/SvJ mice.
Mutations Made By	Douglas Albrecht, Jain Foundation Inc

Hc⁰

Allele Symbol: Hc⁰

Allele Name	deficient
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	C5-; C5-d; C5-def; C5-deficient; hc^o
Gene Symbol and Name	Hc, hemolytic complement
Gene Synonym(s)	C5; C5; C5D; C5a; C5b; CPAMD4; ECLZB; He; He
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	2
General Note	This is an allele characteristic of various inbred mouse strains including the following: A/HeJ, AKR/J, DBA/2J, NZB/B1NJ, SWR/J, B10.D2/oSnJ Hc was identified as a candidate gene for Abhr2 in a microarray analysis of lung mRNA from A/J, C3H/HeJ, and (A/J x C3H/HeJ)F1 x A/J backcross animals. Hc genotype shows statistically significant correlation to allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsive phenotype. The A/J allele contains a 2 bp deletion resulting in deficient Hc mRNA and protein production and is associated with susceptibility to allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness. (J:108211)
Molecular Note	A 2 base "TA" deletion at positions 62 and 63 of an 83 base pair exon near the 5' end of the gene is found in the following mouse strains: A/HeJ, AKR/J, DBA/2J, NZB/B1NJ, SWR/J, B10.D2/oSnJ. The consequence of this deletion is the creation of a stop codon starting four bases after the deletion. A truncated product of 216 amino acids is predicted as a result although contradictory reports exist that a larger pro-C5 protein may be synthesized. Nevertheless, macrophages from mouse strains carrying this allele do not secrete complement 5.

Il3ra^m1

Allele Symbol: Il3ra^m1

Allele Name	mutation 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Il3ra^A/J; Il3raⁿ
Gene Symbol and Name	Il3ra, interleukin 3 receptor, alpha chain
Gene Synonym(s)	CD123; Cyrl; IL-3 receptor alpha chain; IL3R; IL3RAY; IL3RX; IL3RY; SUT-1; hIL-3Ra
Strain of Origin	A/J
Chromosome	14
Molecular Note	Sequence analysis revealed A/J mice lack the sequence corresponding to exon 8, which encodes 10 amino acid residues in the extracellular domain. Aberrant splicing was due to a 5 base pair deletion at the branch point in intron 7.

Micrlⁿ

Allele Symbol: Micrlⁿ

Allele Name	non-responder
Allele Type	QTL
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Micrl, microwave induced increase in complement receptor B cells
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	5
General Note	The following inbred strains are homozygous for the recessive QTL, Micrl, and do not respond to microwave exposure by increasing splenic C3 receptor-bearing B cells: A/J, BALB/cJ, C3HeB/FeN, C57BL/6J, C57BL/10J (inferred from the response of two congenic lines "B10.BR", "B10.D2", "B10.D2"),C58/J, AK.B6-H2^b, and B6.AK-H2^k. These recombinant inbred strains are also non-responding: BXH2/Ty, BXH6/Ty, BXH7/Ty, BXH12/Ty, and BXH14/Ty.

Naip5^Lgn1-s

Allele Symbol: Naip5^Lgn1-s

Allele Name	Legionella, susceptiblility 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	Lgn1^s
Gene Symbol and Name	Naip5, NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein 5
Gene Synonym(s)	BIRC1; Birc1; Birc1a; Birc1b; Birc1e; Birc1e; Legionella, susceptiblility 1; Lgn1; Lgn1; NLRB1; Naip; Naip-rs3; Naip-rs3; Naip2; RGD1559914; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 1e; neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein 5; neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein, related sequence 3; psiNAIP
Strain of Origin	A/J
Chromosome	13
Molecular Note	A/J mice are susceptible to infection by Legionella pneumophilia. This susceptibility is heritable and is caused by a polymorphism in the Naip5 gene. Expression of BAC clones containing the Naip5 gene from resistant strains (C57BL/6J and 129X1/SvJ) in A/J mice rendered transgenic mice resistant to infection (J:81887, J:129300). In addition, Western blot experiments demonstrated that the NAIP5 protein is not expressed in A/J macrophages, while robust expression is seen in macrophages from resistant strains such as C57BL/6J. Sequence polymorphisms in this gene between susceptible and resistant strains were identified that may account for the difference in phenotype. In addition, morpholino antisense inhibition of NAIP5 activity in mouse macrophages from resistant mice resulted in an increase in permissiveness of Legionella replication (J:129300).

Nrg3^ska

Allele Symbol: Nrg3^ska

Allele Name	scaramanga
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	ska
Gene Symbol and Name	Nrg3, neuregulin 3
Gene Synonym(s)	HRG3; RGD1559678; pro-NRG3; scaramanga; ska; ska
Strain of Origin	A/J
Chromosome	14
Molecular Note	This allele maps to an interval between the microsatellite markers D14Mit14 and D14Mit80 located at 10.0 cM and 13.5 cM. The mutation identified is a microsatellite repeat within intron 7 of the gene. This simple sequence repeat (SSR) was found to completely cosegregate with the ska phenotype.

Rmcf^s

Allele Symbol: Rmcf^s

Allele Name	MCF sensitive
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Rmcf, resistance to MCF virus
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	5
General Note	This locus controls resistance and susceptibility of cells in tissue culture to infection by mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia viruses. The allele Rmcf^r determines resistance and occurs in strains DBA/1, DBA/2, and CBA/Ca; the allele Rmcf^s determines susceptibility and occurs in strains AKR/J, C57BL/6, BALB/c, CBA/J, NFS, NZB, 129/J, and many others. Heterozygotes are as resistant as the resistant parent or nearly so. Rmcf is different from and independent of Fv1, a locus that controls susceptibility to infection by ecotropic viruses. Rmcf is located on Chr 5 close to Hm near the centromeric end (J:7108). Rmcf^r protects (AKR x CBA/Ca)F1 and (AKR x DBA/2)F1 hybrids from development of spontaneous thymic lymphomas and reduces the incidence of MCF-induced thymic lymphomas (J:7175). It also reduces susceptibility of cells of Sxv^s/Sxv^r mice to exogenous xenotropic viruses (J:7951). In addition, in strains susceptible to Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia, a condition thought to be due to the replication of MCF virus, Rmcf^r increases resistance to the virus-induced erythroleukemia. It may cause resistance by coding for or regulating the production of an MCF-related envelope glycoprotein that blocks the receptor for MCF viruses (J:8074). This conclusion is reinforced by the findings of Buller et al. (J:8497), who showed that the Rmcf^r allele contains an endogenous MCF gp70 env gene and that the Rmcf^s allele, at least in some strains (C57BL/6, CBA/J, and A/WySn), contains a xenotropic gp70 env gene. Presumably the MCF gp70 inhibits exogenous MCF infection in vitro by a mechanism of viral interference.
Molecular Note	This locus controls resistance of cells to infection by mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia viruses. The recessive s (susceptible) allele is found in AKR/J, C57BL/6, BALB/c, CBA/J, NFS, NZB and 129/J.

Wnt9b^clf1

Allele Symbol: Wnt9b^clf1

Allele Name	cleft lip 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Wnt9b, wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 9B
Gene Synonym(s)	WNT14B; WNT15; Wnt14b; Wnt15; Wnt15; cleft lip; cleft lip 1; clf; clf; clf1; clf1; wingless-type MMTV integration site 15
Strain of Origin	A/WySn
Chromosome	11
General Note	Unequal duplicate epistasis - the normal allele at clf1 is a dominant suppressor of the recessive phenotype at clf2, and the normal allele at clf2 is a semidominant suppressor of the recessive phenotype at the clf1 locus.
Molecular Note	This mutation is a novel insertion of an IAP transposon 3' from the gene. In addition, a standard genetic test of allelism between clf1 and a Wnt9b targeted mutation demonstrated noncomplementation, showing clf1 is an allele of Wnt9b.

mt-Tr^m1

Allele Symbol: mt-Tr^m1

Allele Name	mutation 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	10A
Gene Symbol and Name	mt-Tr, mitochondrially encoded tRNA arginine
Gene Synonym(s)	MTTR; TrnR tRNA; tRNA; tRNA-Arg
Strain of Origin	various
Chromosome	MT
General Note	This polymorphism is present in A/J, NZB/B1NJ, ALS/Lt and NOD/ShiLtJ. A variant with 9 adenines is found in NOD/ShiLtDvs, ALR/Lt and SKH2/J.
Molecular Note	The adenine repeat in the D stem is polymorphic with 10 adenines in this allele.

Disease/Phenotype

Disease Terms

Research Areas By Genotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Cancer Research
- Increased Tumor Incidence
  - Adenomas
  - Adenomas: lung
  - Mammary Gland Tumors
  - Mammary Gland Tumors: late onset
Cardiovascular Research
- Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis
  - Relatively Resistant
Developmental Biology Research
- Craniofacial and Palate Defects
  - congenital cleft palate
- Internal/Organ Defects
  - gonads
Internal/Organ Research
- Lung Defects
  - COPD
  - emphysema
Neurobiology Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss
- Muscular Dystrophy
  - Limb-Girdle type
Research Tools
- General Purpose
- Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
  - hybridoma production
- Infectious Disease
  - Anthrax
Sensorineural Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss

Genotype: Cdh23^ahl related

Neurobiology Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss
Sensorineural Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss

Genotype: Hc⁰ related

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Immunodeficiency
  - specific complement deficiency
Research Tools
- Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
  - specific complement deficiency, C5 complement

Genotype: Il3ra^m1 related

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- CD Antigens, Antigen Receptors, and Histocompatibility Markers
  - genes regulating susceptibility to infectious disease and endotoxin

Genotype: Naip5^Lgn1-s related

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Immunodeficiency
  - Macrophage defects

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype

cochlear hair cell degeneration
- at 20 weeks of age there is a massive loss of inner and outer hair cells throughout the cochlea, except for the apical 10%
- at 30 days of age a hair cell lesion is found in the basal turn of the cochlea in A/J although the spiral ganglion appear normal in all turns including the basal turn
- at 9 weeks of age there is a massive loss of inner and outer hair cells from the mid-basal turn of the cochlea and a moderate loss of inner and outer hair cells from the mid-apical turn
- loss of cochlear hair cells begins around 16 days of age, spreads from base to apex, and outer hair cells are more vulnerable to loss than are inner hair cells

nervous system phenotype

cochlear hair cell degeneration
- at 20 weeks of age there is a massive loss of inner and outer hair cells throughout the cochlea, except for the apical 10%
- at 30 days of age a hair cell lesion is found in the basal turn of the cochlea in A/J although the spiral ganglion appear normal in all turns including the basal turn
- at 9 weeks of age there is a massive loss of inner and outer hair cells from the mid-basal turn of the cochlea and a moderate loss of inner and outer hair cells from the mid-apical turn
- loss of cochlear hair cells begins around 16 days of age, spreads from base to apex, and outer hair cells are more vulnerable to loss than are inner hair cells

immune system phenotype

abnormal neutrophil physiology
- subsequent to ip injection of 15mg/kg LPS, A/J mice show highly diminished neutrophil infiltration into hepatic sinusoids compared with C57BL/6J controls

decreased acute inflammation
- subsequent to ip injection of 15mg/kg LPS, A/J mice have decreased hepatic, pulmonary and intestinal neutrophil infiltrate compared with C57BL/6J mice

hematopoietic system phenotype

abnormal neutrophil physiology
- subsequent to ip injection of 15mg/kg LPS, A/J mice show highly diminished neutrophil infiltration into hepatic sinusoids compared with C57BL/6J controls

Genotype: Cdh23^ahl/Cdh23^ahl mt-Tr^m1/?
either: A/J X (A/J x CAST/Ei)F1 or A/J X (CAST/Ei x A/J)F1

hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype

increased or absent threshold for auditory brainstem response
- average ABR threshold is significantly increased by 3 months of age

increased susceptibility to age-related hearing loss
- the presence of this mitochondrial sequence polymorphism in mice homozygous for the ahl allele results in age related hearing loss by 3 months of age, which is absent when the CAST/Ei mitochondrial sequence is instead present

Genotype: Cs^ahl4-A/J/Cs^ahl4-A/J
A/J

hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype

impaired hearing

increased or absent threshold for auditory brainstem response
- in A/J mice ABR thresholds at 16 and 32 kHz are elevated by 25 days of age and by 3 months of age the ABR thresholds are more than 50 dB above normal

increased susceptibility to age-related hearing loss
- in A/J mice onset of hearing loss is found as early as 25 days of age and is much more severe at 6 months of age than that found in C57BL/6J

Genotype: Dysf^prmd/Dysf^prmd
A/J

behavior/neurological phenotype

abnormal physical strength

limb grasping
- hind-limb clasping develops after 8 months of age
- inability to spread legs when suspended by their tails after 8 months of age

muscle phenotype

abnormal skeletal muscle fiber morphology
- abnormalities primarily in proximal muscles at early ages
- hypertrophic fibers, fiber splitting and fat replacement also seen

abnormal skeletal muscle morphology
- eventually, active myopathy was seen in all skeletal muscles
- perivascular infiltrates and inflammation seen by 8 months of age

centrally nucleated skeletal muscle fibers

skeletal muscle endomysial fibrosis
- endomysial fibrosis at later stages

skeletal muscle fiber degeneration
- fibers with scattered degenerating and regenerating fibers by 4-5 months of age

skeletal muscle fiber necrosis
- increased numbers of necrotic and regenerating fibers with time

Genotype: Il3ra^m1/Il3ra^m1
A/J

hematopoietic system phenotype

abnormal common myeloid progenitor cell morphology
- CFU-GM assays using bone marrow derived cells yield very few colonies in repsonse to interleukin 3, but normal colony growth occurs in response to GM-CSF

abnormal leukopoiesis
- Il3 alone does not support granulocyte/macrophage colony formation in bone marrow cells from A/J mice but does in bone marrow from C57BL/6 controls; costimulation with both Il3 and SCF increases the number of colonies formed compared to SCF alone

immune system phenotype

abnormal leukopoiesis
- Il3 alone does not support granulocyte/macrophage colony formation in bone marrow cells from A/J mice but does in bone marrow from C57BL/6 controls; costimulation with both Il3 and SCF increases the number of colonies formed compared to SCF alone

Genotype: Naip5^Lgn1-s/Naip5^Lgn1-s
A/J

immune system phenotype

increased susceptibility to bacterial infection
- peritoneal macrophages derived from A/J mice are susceptible to Legionella pneumophilia infection; infected macrophages show a 10-fold increase in bacterial burden after 1 day of infection compared to resistant controls (C57BL/6J)

Genotype: Nrg3^ska/Nrg3^ska
A/J

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype

abnormal mammary gland development
- Background Sensitivity - 95% of female A/J mice display an altered pattern of mammary gland development compared with C57BL/6 which showed no abnormalities in this study

abnormal mammary gland pattern
- 95% of females have abnormal mammary gland development

abnormal nipple development

absent mammary gland
- Background Sensitivity - when observed involves only glands of pair #3
- 55% of females observed have this phenotype

ectopic mammary gland
- 29% of females observed had this phenotype
- misplacement is usually observed with gland #3

ectopic nipples

increased mammary gland number
- 31% of the females observed have this phenotype or supernumerary nipples
- occasionally found between glands #2 and #4 or below #3 gland along the milkline

increased nipple number
- connected to distinct underlying ductal systems; not connected to the major ductal system of the normal gland
- easily observed at 21 days of age
- most commonly observed laterally to a #4 gland and displaced away from the mid-line
- this phenotype or supernumerary mammary glands comprise 31% of mice observed

integument phenotype

abnormal mammary gland development
- Background Sensitivity - 95% of female A/J mice display an altered pattern of mammary gland development compared with C57BL/6 which showed no abnormalities in this study

abnormal mammary gland pattern
- 95% of females have abnormal mammary gland development

abnormal nipple development

absent mammary gland
- Background Sensitivity - when observed involves only glands of pair #3
- 55% of females observed have this phenotype

ectopic mammary gland
- 29% of females observed had this phenotype
- misplacement is usually observed with gland #3

ectopic nipples

increased mammary gland number
- 31% of the females observed have this phenotype or supernumerary nipples
- occasionally found between glands #2 and #4 or below #3 gland along the milkline

increased nipple number
- connected to distinct underlying ductal systems; not connected to the major ductal system of the normal gland
- easily observed at 21 days of age
- most commonly observed laterally to a #4 gland and displaced away from the mid-line
- this phenotype or supernumerary mammary glands comprise 31% of mice observed

Phenotype Information

Body Weight Information - JAX^® Mice Strain A/J (000646)

References

Anunciado RV; Nishimura M; Mori M; Ishikawa A; Tanaka S; Horio F; Ohno T; Namikawa T. 2003. Quantitative trait locus analysis of serum insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol and phospholipid levels in the (SM/J x A/J)F2 mice. Exp Anim 52(1):37-42. PubMed: 12638235 MGI: J:82274
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Additional - Ahr^b-2 related

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Additional - Bhr1^A/J related

Ackerman KG; Huang H; Grasemann H; Puma C; Singer JB; Hill AE; Lander E; Nadeau JH; Churchill GA; Drazen JM; Beier DR. 2005. Interacting genetic loci cause airway hyperresponsiveness. Physiol Genomics 21(1):105-11. PubMed: 15657107 MGI: J:97472
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Additional - Bhr5^A/J related

Ewart SL; Mitzner W; DiSilvestre DA; Meyers DA; Levitt RC. 1996. Airway hyperresponsiveness to acetylcholine: segregation analysis and evidence for linkage to murine chromosome 6. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 14(5):487-95. PubMed: 8624254 MGI: J:33778

Additional - Cdh23^ahl related

Bosco A; Crish SD; Steele MR; Romero CO; Inman DM; Horner PJ; Calkins DJ; Vetter ML. 2012. Early reduction of microglia activation by irradiation in a model of chronic glaucoma. PLoS One 7(8):e43602. PubMed: 22952717 MGI: J:191663
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Additional - Cs^ahl4-A/J related

Johnson KR; Gagnon LH; Longo-Guess C; Kane KL. 2012. Association of a citrate synthase missense mutation with age-related hearing loss in A/J mice. Neurobiol Aging 33(8):1720-9. PubMed: 21803452 MGI: J:188196
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Additional - Dysf^prmd related

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Additional - Hc⁰ related

Actor JK; Breij E; Wetsel RA; Hoffmann H; Hunter RL Jr; Jagannath C. 2001. A role for complement C5 in organism containment and granulomatous response during murine tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol 53(5):464-74. PubMed: 11309154 MGI: J:103981
Addis-Lieser E; Kohl J; Chiaramonte MG. 2005. Opposing regulatory roles of complement factor 5 in the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Immunol 175(3):1894-902. PubMed: 16034133 MGI: J:107269
Anderson AL; Sporici R; Lambris J; Larosa D; Levinson AI. 2006. Pathogenesis of B-cell superantigen-induced immune complex-mediated inflammation. Infect Immun 74(2):1196-203. PubMed: 16428769 MGI: J:104987
Barthlott T; Stockinger B. 2001. Lineage fate alteration of thymocytes developing in an MHC environment containing MHC/peptide ligands with antagonist properties. Eur J Immunol 31(12):3595-601. PubMed: 11745379 MGI: J:151748
Baudino L; Sardini A; Ruseva MM; Fossati-Jimack L; Cook HT; Scott D; Simpson E; Botto M. 2014. C3 opsonization regulates endocytic handling of apoptotic cells resulting in enhanced T-cell responses to cargo-derived antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111(4):1503-8. PubMed: 24474777 MGI: J:206648
Bauer K; Yu X; Wernhoff P; Koczan D; Thiesen HJ; Ibrahim SM. 2004. Identification of new quantitative trait loci in mice with collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 50(11):3721-8. PubMed: 15529344 MGI: J:94347
Binstadt BA; Hebert JL; Ortiz-Lopez A; Bronson R; Benoist C; Mathis D. 2009. The same systemic autoimmune disease provokes arthritis and endocarditis via distinct mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(39):16758-63. PubMed: 19805369 MGI: J:153217
Bode J; Dutow P; Sommer K; Janik K; Glage S; Tummler B; Munder A; Laudeley R; Sachse KW; Klos A. 2012. A new role of the complement system: C3 provides protection in a mouse model of lung infection with intracellular Chlamydia psittaci. PLoS One 7(11):e50327. PubMed: 23189195 MGI: J:194784
Bora NS; Kaliappan S; Jha P; Xu Q; Sohn JH; Dhaulakhandi DB; Kaplan HJ; Bora PS. 2006. Complement activation via alternative pathway is critical in the development of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization: role of factor B and factor H. J Immunol 177(3):1872-8. PubMed: 16849499 MGI: J:138026
Borders CW; Courtney A; Ronen K; Pilar Laborde-Lahoz M; Guidry TV; Hwang SA; Olsen M; Hunter RL Jr; Hollmann TJ; Wetsel RA; Actor JK. 2005. Requisite role for complement C5 and the C5a receptor in granulomatous response to mycobacterial glycolipid trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate. Scand J Immunol 62(2):123-30. PubMed: 16101818 MGI: J:114316
Bosco A; Crish SD; Steele MR; Romero CO; Inman DM; Horner PJ; Calkins DJ; Vetter ML. 2012. Early reduction of microglia activation by irradiation in a model of chronic glaucoma. PLoS One 7(8):e43602. PubMed: 22952717 MGI: J:191663
Bulla R; Tripodo C; Rami D; Ling GS; Agostinis C; Guarnotta C; Zorzet S; Durigutto P; Botto M; Tedesco F. 2016. C1q acts in the tumour microenvironment as a cancer-promoting factor independently of complement activation. Nat Commun 7:10346. PubMed: 26831747 MGI: J:236291
CINADER B; DUBISKI S; WARDLAW AC. 1964. DISTRIBUTION, INHERITANCE, AND PROPERTIES OF AN ANTIGEN, MUB1, AND ITS RELATION TO HEMOLYTIC COMPLEMENT. J Exp Med 120:897-924. PubMed: 14247728 MGI: J:13003
Carter WO; Bull C; Bortolon E; Yang L; Jesmok GJ; Gundel RH. 1998. A murine skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury model: differential pathology in BALB/c and DBA/2N mice. J Appl Physiol 85(5):1676-83. PubMed: 9804569 MGI: J:51187
Chen HC; Hofman FM; Kung JT; Lin YD; Wu-Hsieh BA. 2007. Both virus and tumor necrosis factor alpha are critical for endothelium damage in a mouse model of dengue virus-induced hemorrhage. J Virol 81(11):5518-26. PubMed: 17360740 MGI: J:153322
Chen J; Reifsnyder PC; Scheuplein F; Schott WH; Mileikovsky M; Soodeen-Karamath S; Nagy A; Dosch MH; Ellis J; Koch-Nolte F; Leiter EH. 2005. 'Agouti NOD': identification of a CBA-derived Idd locus on Chromosome 7 and its use for chimera production with NOD embryonic stem cells. Mamm Genome 16(10):775-83. PubMed: 16261419 MGI: J:102639
Cunnion KM; Benjamin DK Jr; Hester CG; Frank MM. 2004. Role of complement receptors 1 and 2 (CD35 and CD21), C3, C4, and C5 in survival by mice of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. J Lab Clin Med 143(6):358-65. PubMed: 15192652 MGI: J:101948
Daniel DS; Dai G; Singh CR; Lindsey DR; Smith AK; Dhandayuthapani S; Hunter RL Jr; Jagannath C. 2006. The reduced bactericidal function of complement C5-deficient murine macrophages is associated with defects in the synthesis and delivery of reactive oxygen radicals to mycobacterial phagosomes. J Immunol 177(7):4688-98. PubMed: 16982908 MGI: J:139313
Deguchi Y; Andoh A; Inatomi O; Araki Y; Hata K; Tsujikawa T; Kitoh K; Fujiyama Y. 2005. Development of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis is aggravated in mice genetically deficient for complement C5. Int J Mol Med 16(4):605-8. PubMed: 16142393 MGI: J:107581
Ehrnthaller C; Huber-Lang M; Nilsson P; Bindl R; Redeker S; Recknagel S; Rapp A; Mollnes T; Amling M; Gebhard F; Ignatius A. 2013. Complement C3 and C5 deficiency affects fracture healing. PLoS One 8(11):e81341. PubMed: 24260573 MGI: J:209669
Fairweather D; Frisancho-Kiss S; Njoku DB; Nyland JF; Kaya Z; Yusung SA; Davis SE; Frisancho JA; Barrett MA; Rose NR. 2006. Complement receptor 1 and 2 deficiency increases coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and heart failure by increasing macrophages, IL-1beta, and immune complex deposition in the heart. J Immunol 176(6):3516-24. PubMed: 16517720 MGI: J:129509
Ferreira C; Barthlott T; Garcia S; Zamoyska R; Stockinger B. 2000. Differential survival of naive CD4 and CD8 T cells. J Immunol 165(7):3689-94. PubMed: 11034373 MGI: J:151749
Flierl MA; Rittirsch D; Nadeau BA; Day DE; Zetoune FS; Sarma JV; Huber-Lang MS; Ward PA. 2008. Functions of the complement components C3 and C5 during sepsis. FASEB J 22(10):3483-90. PubMed: 18587006 MGI: J:140250
Flynn S; Stockinger B. 2003. Tumor and CD4 T-cell interactions: tumor escape as result of reciprocal inactivation. Blood 101(11):4472-8. PubMed: 12543861 MGI: J:151744
Fossati G; Cooke A; Papafio RQ; Haskins K; Stockinger B. 1999. Triggering a second T cell receptor on diabetogenic T cells can prevent induction of diabetes. J Exp Med 190(4):577-83. PubMed: 10449528 MGI: J:108724
Fossati-Jimack L; Ling GS; Baudino L; Szajna M; Manivannan K; Zhao JC; Midgley R; Chai JG; Simpson E; Botto M; Scott D. 2015. Intranasal peptide-induced tolerance and linked suppression: consequences of complement deficiency. Immunology 144(1):149-57. PubMed: 25039245 MGI: J:220131
Freeley SJ; Popat RJ; Parmar K; Kolev M; Hunt BJ; Stover CM; Schwaeble W; Kemper C; Robson MG. 2016. Experimentally-induced anti-myeloperoxidase vasculitis does not require properdin, MASP-2 or bone marrow-derived C5. J Pathol 240(1):61-71. PubMed: 27235854 MGI: J:241547
Garcia S; DiSanto J; Stockinger B. 1999. Following the development of a CD4 T cell response in vivo: from activation to memory formation. Immunity 11(2):163-71. PubMed: 10485651 MGI: J:151750
Girardi G; Berman J; Redecha P; Spruce L; Thurman JM; Kraus D; Hollmann TJ; Casali P; Caroll MC; Wetsel RA; Lambris JD; Holers VM; Salmon JE. 2003. Complement C5a receptors and neutrophils mediate fetal injury in the antiphospholipid syndrome. J Clin Invest 112(11):1644-54. PubMed: 14660741 MGI: J:86845
Hillebrandt S; Wasmuth HE; Weiskirchen R; Hellerbrand C; Keppeler H; Werth A; Schirin-Sokhan R; Wilkens G; Geier A; Lorenzen J; Kohl J; Gressner AM; Matern S; Lammert F. 2005. Complement factor 5 is a quantitative trait gene that modifies liver fibrogenesis in mice and humans. Nat Genet 37(8):835-43. PubMed: 15995705 MGI: J:100159
Ji H; Gauguier D; Ohmura K; Gonzalez A; Duchatelle V; Danoy P; Garchon HJ; Degott C; Lathrop M; Benoist C; Mathis D. 2001. Genetic influences on the end-stage effector phase of arthritis. J Exp Med 194(3):321-30. PubMed: 11489951 MGI: J:70882
Karp CL; Grupe A; Schadt E; Ewart SL; Keane-Moore M; Cuomo PJ; Kohl J; Wahl L; Kuperman D; Germer S; Aud D; Peltz G; Wills-Karp M. 2000. Identification of complement factor 5 as a susceptibility locus for experimental allergic asthma. Nat Immunol 1(3):221-6. PubMed: 10973279 MGI: J:108211
Kassiotis G; Garcia S; Simpson E; Stockinger B. 2002. Impairment of immunological memory in the absence of MHC despite survival of memory T cells. Nat Immunol 3(3):244-50. PubMed: 11836529 MGI: J:151747
Kassiotis G; Zamoyska R; Stockinger B. 2003. Involvement of avidity for major histocompatibility complex in homeostasis of naive and memory T cells. J Exp Med 197(8):1007-16. PubMed: 12707300 MGI: J:151743
Kawikova I; Paliwal V; Szczepanik M; Itakura A; Fukui M; Campos RA; Geba GP; Homer RJ; Iliopoulou BP; Pober JS; Tsuji RF; Askenase PW. 2004. Airway hyper-reactivity mediated by B-1 cell immunoglobulin M antibody generating complement C5a at 1 day post-immunization in a murine hapten model of non-atopic asthma. Immunology 113(2):234-45. PubMed: 15379984 MGI: J:92933
Kerepesi LA; Hess JA; Nolan TJ; Schad GA; Abraham D. 2006. Complement component C3 is required for protective innate and adaptive immunity to larval strongyloides stercoralis in mice. J Immunol 176(7):4315-22. PubMed: 16547268 MGI: J:129872
Kim CH; Wu W; Wysoczynski M; Abdel-Latif A; Sunkara M; Morris A; Kucia M; Ratajczak J; Ratajczak MZ. 2012. Conditioning for hematopoietic transplantation activates the complement cascade and induces a proteolytic environment in bone marrow: a novel role for bioactive lipids and soluble C5b-C9 as homing factors. Leukemia 26(1):106-16. PubMed: 21769103 MGI: J:181063
Kim DD; Miwa T; Kimura Y; Schwendener RA; van Lookeren Campagne M; Song WC. 2008. Deficiency of decay-accelerating factor and complement receptor 1-related gene/protein y on murine platelets leads to complement-dependent clearance by the macrophage phagocytic receptor CRIg. Blood 112(4):1109-19. PubMed: 18524992 MGI: J:138410
Kirimanjeswara GS; Mann PB; Pilione M; Kennett MJ; Harvill ET. 2005. The complex mechanism of antibody-mediated clearance of Bordetella from the lungs requires TLR4. J Immunol 175(11):7504-11. PubMed: 16301658 MGI: J:122156
Kwan WH; Hashimoto D; Paz-Artal E; Ostrow K; Greter M; Raedler H; Medof ME; Merad M; Heeger PS. 2012. Antigen-presenting cell-derived complement modulates graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 122(6):2234-8. PubMed: 22585573 MGI: J:190492
Kyriakides C; Austen W Jr; Wang Y; Favuzza J; Kobzik L; Moore FD Jr; Hechtman HB. 1999. Membrane attack complex of complement and neutrophils mediate the injury of acid aspiration. J Appl Physiol 87(6):2357-61. PubMed: 10601189 MGI: J:103341
Lee HM; Wu W; Wysoczynski M; Liu R; Zuba-Surma EK; Kucia M; Ratajczak J; Ratajczak MZ. 2009. Impaired mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in C5-deficient mice supports the pivotal involvement of innate immunity in this process and reveals novel promobilization effects of granulocytes. Leukemia 23(11):2052-62. PubMed: 19657368 MGI: J:154482
Lee HM; Wysoczynski M; Liu R; Shin DM; Kucia M; Botto M; Ratajczak J; Ratajczak MZ. 2010. Mobilization studies in complement-deficient mice reveal that optimal AMD3100 mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells depends on complement cascade activation by AMD3100-stimulated granulocytes. Leukemia 24(3):573-82. PubMed: 20033053 MGI: J:158026
Liu Q; He S; Groysman L; Shaked D; Russin J; Cen S; Mack WJ. 2013. White matter injury due to experimental chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is associated with C5 deposition. PLoS One 8(12):e84802. PubMed: 24386419 MGI: J:209840
Mahesh J; Daly J; Cheadle WG; Kotwal GJ. 1999. Elucidation of the early events contributing to zymosan-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome using MIP-1alpha, C3 knockout, and C5-deficient mice. Shock 12(5):340-9. PubMed: 10565608 MGI: J:59655
Mastellos D; Papadimitriou JC; Franchini S; Tsonis PA; Lambris JD. 2001. A novel role of complement: mice deficient in the fifth component of complement (C5) exhibit impaired liver regeneration. J Immunol 166(4):2479-86. PubMed: 11160308 MGI: J:111000
Miller CG; Cook DN; Kotwal GJ. 1996. Two chemotactic factors, C5a and MIP-1alpha, dramatically alter the mortality from zymosan-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS): C5a contributes to MODS while MIP-1alpha has a protective role. Mol Immunol 33(14):1135-7. PubMed: 9047380 MGI: J:38592
Miller CG; Justus DE; Jayaraman S; Kotwal GJ. 1995. Severe and prolonged inflammatory response to localized cowpox virus infection in footpads of C5-deficient mice: investigation of the role of host complement in poxvirus pathogenesis. Cell Immunol 162(2):326-32. PubMed: 7743560 MGI: J:25289
Miwa T; Zhou L; Kimura Y; Kim D; Bhandoola A; Song WC. 2009. Complement-dependent T-cell lymphopenia caused by thymocyte deletion of the membrane complement regulator Crry. Blood 113(12):2684-94. PubMed: 19136662 MGI: J:146538
Mocco J; Mack WJ; Ducruet AF; Sosunov SA; Sughrue ME; Hassid BG; Nair MN; Laufer I; Komotar RJ; Claire M; Holland H; Pinsky DJ; Connolly ES Jr. 2006. Complement component C3 mediates inflammatory injury following focal cerebral ischemia. Circ Res 99(2):209-17. PubMed: 16778128 MGI: J:123658
Mori L; de Libero G. 1998. Genetic control of susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis in T cell receptor beta-chain transgenic mice. Arthritis Rheum 41(2):256-62. PubMed: 9485083 MGI: J:134111
Moulton RA; Mashruwala MA; Smith AK; Lindsey DR; Wetsel RA; Haviland DL; Hunter RL; Jagannath C. 2007. Complement C5a anaphylatoxin is an innate determinant of dendritic cell-induced Th1 immunity to Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection in mice. J Leukoc Biol 82(4):956-67. PubMed: 17675563 MGI: J:125190
Mullick A; Elias M; Picard S; Bourget L; Jovcevski O; Gauthier S; Tuite A; Harakidas P; Bihun C; Massie B; Gros P. 2004. Dysregulated inflammatory response to Candida albicans in a C5-deficient mouse strain. Infect Immun 72(10):5868-76. PubMed: 15385488 MGI: J:93132
Mullick A; Leon Z; Min-Oo G; Berghout J; Lo R; Daniels E; Gros P. 2006. Cardiac failure in C5-deficient A/J mice after Candida albicans infection. Infect Immun 74(8):4439-51. PubMed: 16861630 MGI: J:112405
Niculescu T; Weerth S; Niculescu F; Cudrici C; Rus V; Raine CS; Shin ML; Rus H. 2004. Effects of complement C5 on apoptosis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 172(9):5702-6. PubMed: 15100315 MGI: J:89686
Nilsson UR; Muller-Eberhard HJ. 1967. Deficiency of the fifth component of complement in mice with an inherited complement defect. J Exp Med 125(1):1-16. PubMed: 4959665 MGI: J:5016
Ooi YM; Colten HR. 1979. Genetic defect in secretion of complement C5 in mice. Nature 282(5735):207-8. PubMed: 492335 MGI: J:6214
Patel SN; Berghout J; Lovegrove FE; Ayi K; Conroy A; Serghides L; Min-oo G; Gowda DC; Sarma JV; Rittirsch D; Ward PA; Liles WC; Gros P; Kain KC. 2008. C5 deficiency and C5a or C5aR blockade protects against cerebral malaria. J Exp Med 205(5):1133-43. PubMed: 18426986 MGI: J:136298
Pickering MC; Warren J; Rose KL; Carlucci F; Wang Y; Walport MJ; Cook HT; Botto M. 2006. Prevention of C5 activation ameliorates spontaneous and experimental glomerulonephritis in factor H-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(25):9649-54. PubMed: 16769899 MGI: J:111031
Pilione MR; Agosto LM; Kennett MJ; Harvill ET. 2006. CD11b is required for the resolution of inflammation induced by Bordetella bronchiseptica respiratory infection. Cell Microbiol 8(5):758-68. PubMed: 16611225 MGI: J:135740
Pritchard MT; McMullen MR; Stavitsky AB; Cohen JI; Lin F; Medof ME; Nagy LE. 2007. Differential contributions of C3, C5, and decay-accelerating factor to ethanol-induced fatty liver in mice. Gastroenterology 132(3):1117-26. PubMed: 17383432 MGI: J:128218
Prodeus AP; Zhou X; Maurer M; Galli SJ; Carroll MC. 1997. Impaired mast cell-dependent natural immunity in complement C3-deficient mice. Nature 390(6656):172-5. PubMed: 9367154 MGI: J:44240
Ratajczak MZ; Lee H; Wysoczynski M; Wan W; Marlicz W; Laughlin MJ; Kucia M; Janowska-Wieczorek A; Ratajczak J. 2010. Novel insight into stem cell mobilization-plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate is a major chemoattractant that directs the egress of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells from the bone marrow and its level in peripheral blood increases during mobilization due toactivation of complement cascade/membrane attack complex. Leukemia 24(5):976-85. PubMed: 20357827 MGI: J:160183
Redecha P; Tilley R; Tencati M; Salmon JE; Kirchhofer D; Mackman N; Girardi G. 2007. Tissue factor: a link between C5a and neutrophil activation in antiphospholipid antibody induced fetal injury. Blood 110(7):2423-31. PubMed: 17536017 MGI: J:147022
Refici ML; Metzger DW; Arulanandam BP; Lennartz MR; Loegering DJ. 2001. Fcgamma-receptor signaling augments the LPS-stimulated increase in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 280(4):R1037-44. PubMed: 11247825 MGI: J:114295
Rittirsch D; Flierl MA; Day DE; Nadeau BA; McGuire SR; Hoesel LM; Ipaktchi K; Zetoune FS; Sarma JV; Leng L; Huber-Lang MS; Neff TA; Bucala R; Ward PA. 2008. Acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide is independent of complement activation. J Immunol 180(11):7664-72. PubMed: 18490769 MGI: J:136379
Rittirsch D; Flierl MA; Nadeau BA; Day DE; Huber-Lang M; Mackay CR; Zetoune FS; Gerard NP; Cianflone K; Kohl J; Gerard C; Sarma JV; Ward PA. 2008. Functional roles for C5a receptors in sepsis. Nat Med 14(5):551-7. PubMed: 18454156 MGI: J:136703
Saville SP; Lazzell AL; Chaturvedi AK; Monteagudo C; Lopez-Ribot JL. 2008. Use of a genetically engineered strain to evaluate the pathogenic potential of yeast cell and filamentous forms during Candida albicans systemic infection in immunodeficient mice. Infect Immun 76(1):97-102. PubMed: 17967861 MGI: J:130296
Schmitt J; Roderfeld M; Sabrane K; Zhang P; Tian Y; Mertens JC; Frei P; Stieger B; Weber A; Mullhaupt B; Roeb E; Geier A. 2012. Complement factor C5 deficiency significantly delays the progression of biliary fibrosis in bile duct-ligated mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 418(3):445-50. PubMed: 22277671 MGI: J:181268
Schultz G; Tedesco MM; Sho E; Nishimura T; Sharif S; Du X; Myles T; Morser J; Dalman RL; Leung LL. 2010. Enhanced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in thrombin-activatable procarboxypeptidase B-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 30(7):1363-70. PubMed: 20431069 MGI: J:180861
Sood R; Sholl L; Isermann B; Zogg M; Coughlin SR; Weiler H. 2008. Maternal Par4 and platelets contribute to defective placenta formation in mouse embryos lacking thrombomodulin. Blood 112(3):585-91. PubMed: 18490515 MGI: J:138440
Stokol T; O'Donnell P; Xiao L; Knight S; Stavrakis G; Botto M; von Andrian UH; Mayadas TN. 2004. C1q governs deposition of circulating immune complexes and leukocyte Fcgamma receptors mediate subsequent neutrophil recruitment. J Exp Med 200(7):835-46. PubMed: 15466618 MGI: J:93949
Strainic MG; Liu J; Huang D; An F; Lalli PN; Muqim N; Shapiro VS; Dubyak GR; Heeger PS; Medof ME. 2008. Locally produced complement fragments C5a and C3a provide both costimulatory and survival signals to naive CD4+ T cells. Immunity 28(3):425-35. PubMed: 18328742 MGI: J:132942
Strainic MG; Shevach EM; An F; Lin F; Medof ME. 2012. Absence of signaling into CD4(+) cells via C3aR and C5aR enables autoinductive TGF-beta1 signaling and induction of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. Nat Immunol 14(2):162-71. PubMed: 23263555 MGI: J:192613
Strey CW; Markiewski M; Mastellos D; Tudoran R; Spruce LA; Greenbaum LE; Lambris JD. 2003. The proinflammatory mediators C3a and C5a are essential for liver regeneration. J Exp Med 198(6):913-23. PubMed: 12975457 MGI: J:109380
Tanaka D; Kagari T; Doi H; Shimozato T. 2006. Essential role of neutrophils in anti-type II collagen antibody and lipopolysaccharide-induced arthritis. Immunology 119(2):195-202. PubMed: 16836650 MGI: J:118551
Trendelenburg M; Fossati-Jimack L; Cortes-Hernandez J; Turnberg D; Lewis M; Izui S; Cook HT; Botto M. 2005. The role of complement in cryoglobulin-induced immune complex glomerulonephritis. J Immunol 175(10):6909-14. PubMed: 16272350 MGI: J:119691
Wang Y; Kristan J; Hao L; Lenkoski CS; Shen Y; Matis LA. 2000. A role for complement in antibody-mediated inflammation: C5-deficient DBA/1 mice are resistant to collagen-induced arthritis. J Immunol 164(8):4340-7. PubMed: 10754334 MGI: J:61587
Wetsel RA; Fleischer DT; Haviland DL. 1990. Deficiency of the murine fifth complement component (C5). A 2-base pair gene deletion in a 5'-exon. J Biol Chem 265(5):2435-40. PubMed: 2303408 MGI: J:23983
Wheat WH; Wetsel R; Falus A; Tack BF; Strunk RC. 1987. The fifth component of complement (C5) in the mouse. Analysis of the molecular basis for deficiency. J Exp Med 165(5):1442-7. PubMed: 3572304 MGI: J:8690
Wolfe DN; Kirimanjeswara GS; Harvill ET. 2005. Clearance of Bordetella parapertussis from the lower respiratory tract requires humoral and cellular immunity. Infect Immun 73(10):6508-13. PubMed: 16177324 MGI: J:104212
Wright RJ; Bikoff EK; Stockinger B. 1998. The Ii41 isoform of invariant chain mediates both positive and negative selection events in T-cell receptor transgenic mice. Immunology 95(3):309-13. PubMed: 9824491 MGI: J:50737
Xiao H; Schreiber A; Heeringa P; Falk RJ; Jennette JC. 2007. Alternative complement pathway in the pathogenesis of disease mediated by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. Am J Pathol 170(1):52-64. PubMed: 17200182 MGI: J:117048
Younger JG; Shankar-Sinha S; Mickiewicz M; Brinkman AS; Valencia GA; Sarma JV; Younkin EM; Standiford TJ; Zetoune FS; Ward PA. 2003. Murine complement interactions with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their consequences during pneumonia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 29(4):432-8. PubMed: 14500254 MGI: J:94613
Zal T; Volkmann A; Stockinger B. 1994. Mechanisms of tolerance induction in major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted T cells specific for a blood-borne self-antigen. J Exp Med 180(6):2089-99. PubMed: 7964486 MGI: J:111649
Zal T; Weiss S; Mellor A; Stockinger B. 1996. Expression of a second receptor rescues self-specific T cells from thymic deletion and allows activation of autoreactive effector function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(17):9102-7. PubMed: 8799161 MGI: J:151753
Zhou W; Farrar CA; Abe K; Pratt JR; Marsh JE; Wang Y; Stahl GL; Sacks SH. 2000. Predominant role for C5b-9 in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Clin Invest 105(10):1363-71. PubMed: 10811844 MGI: J:120567
de Jorge EG; Macor P; Paixao-Cavalcante D; Rose KL; Tedesco F; Cook HT; Botto M; Pickering MC. 2011. The development of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome depends on complement C5. J Am Soc Nephrol 22(1):137-45. PubMed: 21148255 MGI: J:185883

Additional - Il3ra^m1 related

Gainsford T; Roberts AW; Kimura S; Metcalf D; Dranoff G; Mulligan RC; Begley CG; Robb L; Alexander WS. 1998. Cytokine production and function in c-mpl-deficient mice: no physiologic role for interleukin-3 in residual megakaryocyte and platelet production. Blood 91(8):2745-52. PubMed: 9531584 MGI: J:47462
Hara T; Ichihara M; Takagi M; Miyajima A. 1995. Interleukin-3 (IL-3) poor-responsive inbred mouse strains carry the identical deletion of a branch point in the IL-3 receptor alpha subunit gene. Blood 85(9):2331-6. PubMed: 7727767 MGI: J:24918
Ichihara M; Hara T; Takagi M; Cho LC; Gorman DM; Miyajima A. 1995. Impaired interleukin-3 (IL-3) response of the A/J mouse is caused by a branch point deletion in the IL-3 receptor alpha subunit gene. EMBO J 14(5):939-50. PubMed: 7889941 MGI: J:23971

Additional - Micrlⁿ related

Schlagel CJ; Ahmed A. 1982. Evidence for genetic control of microwave-induced augmentation of complement receptor-bearing B lymphocytes. J Immunol 129(4):1530-3. PubMed: 6980940 MGI: J:6835

Additional - mt-Tr^m1 related

Johnson KR; Zheng QY; Bykhovskaya Y; Spirina O; Fischel-Ghodsian N. 2001. A nuclear-mitochondrial DNA interaction affecting hearing impairment in mice. Nat Genet 27(2):191-4. PubMed: 11175788 MGI: J:67312
Johnson KR; Zheng QY; Noben-Trauth K. 2006. Strain background effects and genetic modifiers of hearing in mice. Brain Res 1091(1):79-88. PubMed: 16579977 MGI: J:110459
Mathews CE; Leiter EH; Spirina O; Bykhovskaya Y; Gusdon AM; Ringquist S; Fischel-Ghodsian N. 2005. mt-Nd2 Allele of the ALR/Lt mouse confers resistance against both chemically induced and autoimmune diabetes. Diabetologia 48(2):261-7. PubMed: 15692809 MGI: J:97969

Additional - Naip5^Lgn1-s related

Archer KA; Ader F; Kobayashi KS; Flavell RA; Roy CR. 2010. Cooperation between multiple microbial pattern recognition systems is important for host protection against the intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila. Infect Immun 78(6):2477-87. PubMed: 20351139 MGI: J:159981
Brieland J; Freeman P; Kunkel R; Chrisp C; Hurley M; Fantone J; Engleberg C. 1994. Replicative Legionella pneumophila lung infection in intratracheally inoculated A/J mice. A murine model of human Legionnaires' disease. Am J Pathol 145(6):1537-46. PubMed: 7992856 MGI: J:36191
Derre I; Isberg RR. 2004. Macrophages from mice with the restrictive Lgn1 allele exhibit multifactorial resistance to Legionella pneumophila. Infect Immun 72(11):6221-9. PubMed: 15501747 MGI: J:93274
Diez E; Lee SH; Gauthier S; Yaraghi Z; Tremblay M; Vidal S; Gros P. 2003. Birc1e is the gene within the Lgn1 locus associated with resistance to Legionella pneumophila. Nat Genet 33(1):55-60. PubMed: 12483212 MGI: J:81887
Fortier A; de Chastellier C; Balor S; Gros P. 2007. Birc1e/Naip5 rapidly antagonizes modulation of phagosome maturation by Legionella pneumophila. Cell Microbiol 9(4):910-23. PubMed: 17087731 MGI: J:148674
Lamkanfi M; Amer A; Kanneganti TD; Munoz-Planillo R; Chen G; Vandenabeele P; Fortier A; Gros P; Nunez G. 2007. The Nod-like receptor family member Naip5/Birc1e restricts Legionella pneumophila growth independently of caspase-1 activation. J Immunol 178(12):8022-7. PubMed: 17548639 MGI: J:148581
Losick VP; Stephan K; Smirnova II; Isberg RR; Poltorak A. 2009. A hemidominant Naip5 allele in mouse strain MOLF/Ei-derived macrophages restricts Legionella pneumophila intracellular growth. Infect Immun 77(1):196-204. PubMed: 18981241 MGI: J:143768
Miyamoto H; Maruta K; Ogawa M; Beckers MC; Gros P; Yoshida S. 1996. Spectrum of Legionella species whose intracellular multiplication in murine macrophages is genetically controlled by Lgn1. Infect Immun 64(5):1842-5. PubMed: 8613400 MGI: J:33896
Molofsky AB; Byrne BG; Whitfield NN; Madigan CA; Fuse ET; Tateda K; Swanson MS. 2006. Cytosolic recognition of flagellin by mouse macrophages restricts Legionella pneumophila infection. J Exp Med 203(4):1093-104. PubMed: 16606669 MGI: J:123813
Wright EK; Goodart SA; Growney JD; Hadinoto V; Endrizzi MG; Long EM; Sadigh K; Abney AL; Bernstein-Hanley I; Dietrich WF. 2003. Naip5 affects host susceptibility to the intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila. Curr Biol 13(1):27-36. PubMed: 12526741 MGI: J:129300
Yamamoto Y; Klein TW; Brown RK; Friedman H. 1992. Electron micrographic analysis of macrophages from genetically susceptible vs. resistant mice infected with Legionella pneumophila J Leukoc Biol Suppl 3:1-63 (35). PubMed: 1392410 MGI: J:2930
Yamamoto Y; Klein TW; Friedman H. 1992. Genetic control of macrophage susceptibility to infection by Legionella pneumophila. FEMS Microbiol Immunol 4(3):137-45. PubMed: 1575991 MGI: J:1635
Yoshida S; Goto Y; Mizuguchi Y; Nomoto K; Skamene E. 1991. Genetic control of natural resistance in mouse macrophages regulating intracellular Legionella pneumophila multiplication in vitro. Infect Immun 59(1):428-32. PubMed: 1987055 MGI: J:20633

Additional - Nrg3^ska related

Howard B; Panchal H; McCarthy A; Ashworth A. 2005. Identification of the scaramanga gene implicates Neuregulin3 in mammary gland specification. Genes Dev 19(17):2078-90. PubMed: 16140987 MGI: J:100495
Howard BA; Gusterson BA. 2000. Mammary gland patterning in the AXB/BXA recombinant inbred strains of mouse. Mech Dev 91(1-2):305-9. PubMed: 10704854 MGI: J:61355
Howard BA; Gusterson BA. 2000. The characterization of a mouse mutant that displays abnormal mammary gland development. Mamm Genome 11(3):234-7. PubMed: 10723730 MGI: J:60708

Additional - Rmcf^s related

Buller RS; Sitbon M; Portis JL. 1988. The endogenous mink cell focus-forming (MCF) gp70 linked to the Rmcf gene restricts MCF virus replication in vivo and provides partial resistance to erythroleukemia induced by Friend murine leukemia virus. J Exp Med 167(5):1535-46. PubMed: 2835418 MGI: J:27618
Hartley JW; Yetter RA; Morse HC 3rd. 1983. A mouse gene on chromosome 5 that restricts infectivity of mink cell focus-forming recombinant murine leukemia viruses. J Exp Med 158(1):16-24. PubMed: 6306133 MGI: J:7108
Jung YT; Lyu MS; Buckler-White A; Kozak CA. 2002. Characterization of a polytropic murine leukemia virus proviral sequence associated with the virus resistance gene Rmcf of DBA/2 mice. J Virol 76(16):8218-24. PubMed: 12134027 MGI: J:78083

Additional - Wnt9b^clf1 related

Juriloff DM. 1986. Major genes that cause cleft lip in mice: progress in the construction of a congenic strain and in linkage mapping. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol Suppl 2:55-66. PubMed: 3491125 MGI: J:22596
Juriloff DM. 1995. Genetic analysis of the construction of the AEJ.A congenic strain indicates that nonsyndromic CL(P) in the mouse is caused by two loci with epistatic interaction. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 15(1):1-12. PubMed: 7601909 MGI: J:25484
Juriloff DM; Harris MJ; Brown CJ. 2001. Unravelling the complex genetics of cleft lip in the mouse model. Mamm Genome 12(6):426-35. PubMed: 11353389 MGI: J:69826
Juriloff DM; Harris MJ; Dewell SL. 2004. A digenic cause of cleft lip in A-strain mice and definition of candidate genes for the two loci. Birth Defects Res Part A Clin Mol Teratol 70(8):509-18. PubMed: 15329828 MGI: J:92341
Juriloff DM; Harris MJ; Dewell SL; Brown CJ; Mager DL; Gagnier L; Mah DG. 2005. Investigations of the genomic region that contains the clf1 mutation, a causal gene in multifactorial cleft lip and palate in mice. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 73(2):103-13. PubMed: 15690355 MGI: J:96061
Juriloff DM; Harris MJ; McMahon AP; Carroll TJ; Lidral AC. 2006. Wnt9b is the mutated gene involved in multifactorial nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in A/WySn mice, as confirmed by a genetic complementation test. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 76(8):574-9. PubMed: 16998816 MGI: J:117594

Also Known As: A, AJ

Genetic overview

Research Applications

Base Price

Volume Pricing Available!

Important Note

Detailed Description

Selected References

Ahrb-2

Allele Symbol: Ahrb-2

Bhr1A/J

Allele Symbol: Bhr1A/J

Bhr5A/J

Allele Symbol: Bhr5A/J

Cdh23ahl

Allele Symbol: Cdh23ahl

Csahl4-A/J

Allele Symbol: Csahl4-A/J

Dysfprmd

Allele Symbol: Dysfprmd

Hc0

Allele Symbol: Hc0

Il3ram1

Allele Symbol: Il3ram1

Micrln

Allele Symbol: Micrln

Naip5Lgn1-s

Allele Symbol: Naip5Lgn1-s

Nrg3ska

Allele Symbol: Nrg3ska

Rmcfs

Allele Symbol: Rmcfs

Wnt9bclf1

Allele Symbol: Wnt9bclf1

mt-Trm1

Allele Symbol: mt-Trm1

Disease Terms

Research Areas By Genotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Genotype: Cdh23ahl related

Genotype: Hc0 related

Genotype: Il3ram1 related

Genotype: Naip5Lgn1-s related

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype

nervous system phenotype

immune system phenotype

hematopoietic system phenotype

Genotype: Cdh23ahl/Cdh23ahl mt-Trm1/?either: A/J X (A/J x CAST/Ei)F1 or A/J X (CAST/Ei x A/J)F1

hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype

Genotype: Csahl4-A/J/Csahl4-A/JA/J

hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype

Genotype: Dysfprmd/DysfprmdA/J

behavior/neurological phenotype

muscle phenotype

Genotype: Il3ram1/Il3ram1A/J

hematopoietic system phenotype

immune system phenotype

Genotype: Naip5Lgn1-s/Naip5Lgn1-sA/J

immune system phenotype

Genotype: Nrg3ska/Nrg3skaA/J

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype

integument phenotype

Phenotype Information

References

Additional References

Additional - Ahrb-2 related

Additional - Bhr1A/J related

Additional - Bhr5A/J related

Additional - Cdh23ahl related

Additional - Csahl4-A/J related

Additional - Dysfprmd related

Additional - Hc0 related

Additional - Il3ram1 related

Additional - Micrln related

Additional - mt-Trm1 related

Additional - Naip5Lgn1-s related

Additional - Nrg3ska related

Additional - Rmcfs related

Additional - Wnt9bclf1 related

Ahr^b-2

Allele Symbol: Ahr^b-2

Bhr1^A/J

Allele Symbol: Bhr1^A/J

Bhr5^A/J

Allele Symbol: Bhr5^A/J

Cdh23^ahl

Allele Symbol: Cdh23^ahl

Cs^ahl4-A/J

Allele Symbol: Cs^ahl4-A/J

Dysf^prmd

Allele Symbol: Dysf^prmd

Hc⁰

Allele Symbol: Hc⁰

Il3ra^m1

Allele Symbol: Il3ra^m1

Micrlⁿ

Allele Symbol: Micrlⁿ

Naip5^Lgn1-s

Allele Symbol: Naip5^Lgn1-s

Nrg3^ska

Allele Symbol: Nrg3^ska

Rmcf^s

Allele Symbol: Rmcf^s

Wnt9b^clf1

Allele Symbol: Wnt9b^clf1

mt-Tr^m1

Allele Symbol: mt-Tr^m1

Genotype: Cdh23^ahl related

Genotype: Hc⁰ related

Genotype: Il3ra^m1 related

Genotype: Naip5^Lgn1-s related

Genotype: Cdh23^ahl/Cdh23^ahl mt-Tr^m1/?
either: A/J X (A/J x CAST/Ei)F1 or A/J X (CAST/Ei x A/J)F1

Genotype: Cs^ahl4-A/J/Cs^ahl4-A/J
A/J

Genotype: Dysf^prmd/Dysf^prmd
A/J

Genotype: Il3ra^m1/Il3ra^m1
A/J

Genotype: Naip5^Lgn1-s/Naip5^Lgn1-s
A/J

Genotype: Nrg3^ska/Nrg3^ska
A/J

Additional - Ahr^b-2 related

Additional - Bhr1^A/J related

Additional - Bhr5^A/J related

Additional - Cdh23^ahl related

Additional - Cs^ahl4-A/J related

Additional - Dysf^prmd related

Additional - Hc⁰ related

Additional - Il3ra^m1 related

Additional - Micrlⁿ related

Additional - mt-Tr^m1 related

Additional - Naip5^Lgn1-s related

Additional - Nrg3^ska related

Additional - Rmcf^s related

Additional - Wnt9b^clf1 related