Overview

Also Known As:Murphy Roths Large, MRL

The MRL/MpJ mice are the parent and control strain for for MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr (Stock Nos. 000485, 006825). Despite carrying the normal Fas gene, MRL/MpJ mice also exhibit autoimmune disorders, but symptoms are manifested much later in life compared to those the MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr mice. As a strain developed as the control for MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr, MRL/MpJ mice are useful in the study of their comparable defects and diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjorgren syndrome.

Genetic overview

Genetic Background	Generation
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Research Applications

Internal/Organ Research
Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
Neurobiology Research
Sensorineural Research

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Base Price

Starting at:

$100.93 Domestic price for female 3-week

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Details

Detailed Description

The MRL/MpJ mice are large but docile to the point that males rarely fight. They are the parent and control strain for for MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr (Stock Nos. 000485, 006825). Despite carrying the normal Fas gene, MRL/MpJ mice also exhibit autoimmune disorders, but symptoms are manifested much later in life compared to those the MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr mice. Starting at about three months of age, levels of circulating immune complexes rise greatly in the MRL-Fas^lpr mouse but not in the wildtype control, MRL/MpJ. Also beginning at 3 months Fas^lpr mice exhibit very severe poliferative glomerulonephritis, whereas in the MRL/MpJ controls usually only mild glomerular lesions are detected. MRL/MpJ inbred female typically die at 73 weeks of age and males die at 93 weeks. This compares to a lifespan of 17 weeks in the female and 22 weeks for males in the mouse homozygous for Fas^lpr. See MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr (Stock No. 000485) for additional information. As a strain developed as the control for MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr, MRL/MpJ mice are useful in the study of their comparable defects and diseases.

MRL/MpJ, and one of its ancestral strains LG/J, display heightened wound healing relative to a panel of other inbred strains. At 4 weeks post-injury, 2mm ear punch wounds heal to 0-0.4mm in MRL/MpJ mice but are still 1.2-1.6mm in C57BL/6 mice. At 15 days post-injury C57BL/6 show a maximal closure of 30% reduction in ear hole size while MRL show 85% reduction. The process of healing in MRL/MpJ mice is faster, more complete, showed increased swelling, angiogenesis, fibroblast migration, extracellular matrix deposition, and decreased scarring and fibrosis. Additionally, hair follicles and accompanying sebaceous glands regenerate to a much greater degree. The other ancestral strains of MRL/MpJ (C3H, C57BL/6, and AKR) do not display this enhanced healing. Bone marrow transplantation shows that the MRL/MpJ healing phenotype does not readily transfer with bone marrow and remains in the irradiated host tissues. Enhanced healing of cardiac wounds has also been reported in MRL/MpJ mice. In this model, a very high mitotic index (10-20%) is found, similar to that seen in non-mammalian tissue regeneration. Using F2 and backcross mapping of MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr x B6 progeny McBrearty et al. identified multiple wound healing QTLs, Heal2 and Heal3 ,on MRL/MpJ chromosome 13 in the region of D13Mit115 and D13Mit129 respectively; Heal5 on MRL/MpJ chromosome 12 in the region of D12Mit233; Heal1 on chromosome 8 of C57BL/6 in the region of D8Mit211; and a highly suggestive locus on MRL/MpJ chromosome 7 in the region of D7Mit220. In crosses between MRL/MpJ x SJL/J, Masinde et al. identified 10 QTL for wound healing, confirming and extending the findings of McBrearty et al. Chromosomes 1, 3, 6, and 13 each have a single QTL with that on chromosome 13 being statistically suggestive but not significant, while chromosomes 4, 7, and 9 each have two statistically significant QTLs. (Clark et al., 1998; Leferovich et al., 2001; Kench et al., 1999; McBrearty et al., 1998; Masinde et al., 2001.)

Microarray analysis and SELDI ProteinChip analysis identified multiple genes and proteins that have varied expression in the ear punch wounds of MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr versus C57BL/6. The changes in expression patterns suggest that in MRL/MpJ mice there is less of an inflammatory response and an earlier transition into tissue repair than is seen in C57BL/6. (Li et al., 2000 and 2001.)

Blankenhorn et al. found that MRL/MpJ females heal faster and more completely than males. Some Heal QTLs are sexually dimorphic with Heal2, 3, 7, 8, 10, and 11 having greater effects in males and Heal4, 5, and 9 having greater effects in females. Castration improves wound healing in MRL/MpJ males to nearly the degree seen in females, but ovariectomy does not improve the degree of healing seen in MRL/MpJ females. (Blankenhorn et al., 2003)

Relative to B10.D2nSnJ mice, MRL/MpJ mice have decreased Neutrophil accumulation in the bronchiolar lavage in response to LPS infusion, and tests using bone marrow chimeras reveal= that the pulmonary inflammatory response transfers with bone marrow. Transforming growth factor beta 1 autologous induction is reduced in MRL/MpJ splenocytes while macrophages show a reduction in the transforming growth factor beta 1 induction of interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha production but no significant reduction in transforming growth factor beta 1 production. (Kench et al., 1999.)

Development

In 1960 Dr. Margaret Dickey crossed the achondroplasia (Npr2^cn) bearing subline of AKR/J to C57BL/6J then sibling intercrossed for 5 generations before again crossing to C57BL/6J in an effort to move the achondroplasia mutation onto a genetic background not prone to high incidence of leukemia. The F1 offspring of that backcross were then backcrossed 5 times to C3H/Di then outcrossed once to AKR/J and the line sibling intercrossed for 3 generations before then being bred twice to LG/J then sibling intercrossing at each generation. At some point in this process the achondroplasia mutation was bred out and at F12 the lymphoproliferation (lpr) mutation arose and two separate sublines were then bred apart through selective sibling breeding, with the wildtype subline named MRL/n and the subline bred homozygous for lpr named MRL/1. After several generations of separated inbreeding the lpr mutation was transferred from the MRL/1 subline onto the MRL/Mp subline then 5 cycles of cross-intercross was done to create the closely related MRL/Mp-+/+ strain, which has become MRL/MpJ, and the MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr strain. The mathematical estimation from the breeding protocol is that the MRL genome is composed of 75% from LG/J, 12.6% from AKR/J, 12.1% from C3H/Di, and 0.3% from C57BL/6J. This strain is homozygous for a, Tyr^c, and MHC haplotype H2^k (Murphy and Roths, 1978). MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr (Stock Nos. 000485 and 006825) and the MRL/MpJ control are kept congenic with each other by backcrosses to the MRL/MpJ wildtype every 5-10 inbred generations.

Control Suggestions

This strain is a control for 000485 MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr/J and 002983 MRL.CBAJms-Fas^lpr-cg/J.

Additional Information

Considerations for Choosing Controls

Selected References

Clark LD; Clark RK; Heber-Katz E. 1998. A new murine model for mammalian wound repair and regeneration. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 88(1):35-45PubMed: 9683548 MGI: J:48937
Hewicker M; Kromschroder E; Trautwein G. 1990. Detection of circulating immune complexes in MRL mice with different forms of glomerulonephritis. Z Versuchstierkd 33(4):149-56PubMed: 2238887 MGI: J:109933
Kanno H; Nose M; Itoh J; Taniguchi Y; Kyogoku M. 1992. Spontaneous development of pancreatitis in the MRL/Mp strain of mice in autoimmune mechanism. Clin Exp Immunol 89(1):68-73PubMed: 1352748 MGI: J:1376
Kench JA; Russell DM; Fadok VA; Young SK; Worthen GS; Jones-Carson J; Henson JE; Henson PM; Nemazee D. 1999. Aberrant wound healing and TGF-beta production in the autoimmune-prone MRL/+ mouse. Clin Immunol 92(3):300-10PubMed: 10479535 MGI: J:57718
Koh JS; Wang Z; Levine JS. 2000. Cytokine dysregulation induced by apoptotic cells is a shared characteristic of murine lupus J Immunol 165(8):4190-201PubMed: 11035051 MGI: J:65106
Leferovich JM; Bedelbaeva K; Samulewicz S; Zhang XM; Zwas D; Lankford EB; Heber-Katz E. 2001. Heart regeneration in adult MRL mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(17):9830-5PubMed: 11493713 MGI: J:109867
Li X; Mohan S; Gu W; Baylink DJ. 2001. Analysis of gene expression in the wound repair/regeneration process. Mamm Genome 12(1):52-9PubMed: 11178744 MGI: J:68684
Li X; Mohan S; Gu W; Miyakoshi N; Baylink DJ. 2000. Differential protein profile in the ear-punched tissue of regeneration and non-regeneration strains of mice: a novel approach to explore the candidate genes for soft-tissue regeneration Biochim Biophys Acta 1524(2-3):102-9PubMed: 11113556 MGI: J:66437
Masinde GL; Li X; Gu W; Davidson H; Mohan S; Baylink DJ. 2001. Identification of Wound Healing/Regeneration Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) at Multiple Time Points that Explain Seventy Percent of Variance in (MRL/MpJ and SJL/J) Mice F(2) Population. Genome Res 11(12):2027-33PubMed: 11731492 MGI: J:73197
McBrearty BA; Clark LD; Zhang XM; Blankenhorn EP; Heber-Katz E. 1998. Genetic analysis of a mammalian wound-healing trait. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95(20):11792-7PubMed: 9751744 MGI: J:50111
Murphy ED; Roths JB. 1978. Autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation: Induction by mutant gene lpr, and acceleration by a male-associated factor in strain BXSB mice:207-20MGI: J:28885
Perez de Lema G; Maier H; Nieto E; Vielhauer V; Luckow B; Mampaso F; Schlondorff D. 2001. Chemokine expression precedes inflammatory cell infiltration and chemokine receptor and cytokine expression during the initiation of murine lupus nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 12(7):1369-82PubMed: 11423566 MGI: J:109873
Petkov PM; Cassell MA; Sargent EE; Donnelly CJ; Robinson P; Crew V; Asquith S; Haar RV; Wiles MV. 2004. Development of a SNP genotyping panel for genetic monitoring of the laboratory mouse. Genomics 83(5):902-11PubMed: 15081119 MGI: J:89298
Ratkay LG; Tait B; Tonzetich J; Waterfield JD. 1994. Lpr and MRL background gene involvement in the control of adjuvant enhanced arthritis in MRL-lpr mice. J Autoimmun 7(5):561-73PubMed: 7530961 MGI: J:20844
Sakic B; Kolb B; Whishaw IQ; Gorny G; Szechtman H; Denburg JA. 2000. Immunosuppression prevents neuronal atrophy in lupus-prone mice: evidence for brain damage induced by autoimmune disease? J Neuroimmunol 111(1-2):93-101PubMed: 11063826 MGI: J:109885
Theofilopoulos AN; Dixon FJ. 1985. Murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus. Adv Immunol 37:269-390PubMed: 3890479 MGI: J:109952

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Genetics

Il2^m1

Allele Symbol: Il2^m1

Allele Name	mutation 1
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Il2, interleukin 2
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	3
Molecular Note	This hypoactive polymorphism, found in MRL/MpJ, SJL/J, and NOD/ShiLtJ inbred strains, includes a smaller polyglutamine tract predicted to shorten the first alpha helix, which forms part of the IL2 receptor binding site.

Gpr84^del

Allele Symbol: Gpr84^del

Allele Name	deletion
Allele Type	Spontaneous (Not Specified)
Allele Synonym(s)
Gene Symbol and Name	Gpr84, G protein-coupled receptor 84
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	multiple strains
Chromosome	15
Molecular Note	This spontaneously arising frameshift deletion is located in exon 2 at position 103308576 bp (NCBI Build 37) and results in a premature stop codon. The mutation is predicted to result in a truncated protein lacking the transmembrane domains 4-7. The inbred strains BDP/J, DBA/1J, DBA/2J, I/LnJ, FVB/NJ, LG/J, MRL/MpJ, NODShi/LtJ, NOR/LtJ, P/J, PL/J, SKHIN/Sprd, SJL/J, SM/J are homozygous for the deletion. The allele is segregating in the outbred stocks ICR and CD-1.

Disease/Phenotype

Disease Terms

Research Areas By Phenotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Internal/Organ Research
- Wound Healing
  - enhanced
Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Autoimmunity
  - lupus erythematosus
  - Sjogren syndrome
  - autoimmune pancreatitis and sialoadenitis
  - experimentally induced rheumatoid arthritis
Neurobiology Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss, control
Sensorineural Research
- Hearing Defects
  - Age related hearing loss, control

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

The following phenotype relates to a compound genotype created using this strain

Genotype: Il2^m1/Il2^m1
MRL/MpJ

hematopoietic system phenotype

abnormal T cell activation
- on of recombinant IL2, derived from the FVB/NJ coding sequence, with concanavalin A to MRL/MpJ splenocytes in culture partially or fully restores activation markers and restores normal activation induced cell death
- splenocytes stimulated with concanavalin A for 2 days in culture have lower induction of T cell activation markers including CD25 and lower secretion of IL2, lower than normal levels of activation induced cell death by CD3 or FASL crosslinking, and addition of recombinant IL2, derived from the FVB/NJ coding sequence, with concanavalin A to MRL/MpJ splenocytes in culture partially or fully restores activation markers and restores normal activation induced cell death

immune system phenotype

abnormal T cell activation
- on of recombinant IL2, derived from the FVB/NJ coding sequence, with concanavalin A to MRL/MpJ splenocytes in culture partially or fully restores activation markers and restores normal activation induced cell death
- splenocytes stimulated with concanavalin A for 2 days in culture have lower induction of T cell activation markers including CD25 and lower secretion of IL2, lower than normal levels of activation induced cell death by CD3 or FASL crosslinking, and addition of recombinant IL2, derived from the FVB/NJ coding sequence, with concanavalin A to MRL/MpJ splenocytes in culture partially or fully restores activation markers and restores normal activation induced cell death

Phenotype Information

Body Weight Information - JAX^® Mice Strain - MRL/MpJ (000486)
Festing Inbred Strain Characteristics: MRL
Mouse Phenome Database / SNP Facility

References

Clark LD; Clark RK; Heber-Katz E. 1998. A new murine model for mammalian wound repair and regeneration. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 88(1):35-45PubMed: 9683548 MGI: J:48937
Hewicker M; Kromschroder E; Trautwein G. 1990. Detection of circulating immune complexes in MRL mice with different forms of glomerulonephritis. Z Versuchstierkd 33(4):149-56PubMed: 2238887 MGI: J:109933
Kanno H; Nose M; Itoh J; Taniguchi Y; Kyogoku M. 1992. Spontaneous development of pancreatitis in the MRL/Mp strain of mice in autoimmune mechanism. Clin Exp Immunol 89(1):68-73PubMed: 1352748 MGI: J:1376
Kench JA; Russell DM; Fadok VA; Young SK; Worthen GS; Jones-Carson J; Henson JE; Henson PM; Nemazee D. 1999. Aberrant wound healing and TGF-beta production in the autoimmune-prone MRL/+ mouse. Clin Immunol 92(3):300-10PubMed: 10479535 MGI: J:57718
Koh JS; Wang Z; Levine JS. 2000. Cytokine dysregulation induced by apoptotic cells is a shared characteristic of murine lupus J Immunol 165(8):4190-201PubMed: 11035051 MGI: J:65106
Leferovich JM; Bedelbaeva K; Samulewicz S; Zhang XM; Zwas D; Lankford EB; Heber-Katz E. 2001. Heart regeneration in adult MRL mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(17):9830-5PubMed: 11493713 MGI: J:109867
Li X; Mohan S; Gu W; Baylink DJ. 2001. Analysis of gene expression in the wound repair/regeneration process. Mamm Genome 12(1):52-9PubMed: 11178744 MGI: J:68684
Li X; Mohan S; Gu W; Miyakoshi N; Baylink DJ. 2000. Differential protein profile in the ear-punched tissue of regeneration and non-regeneration strains of mice: a novel approach to explore the candidate genes for soft-tissue regeneration Biochim Biophys Acta 1524(2-3):102-9PubMed: 11113556 MGI: J:66437
Masinde GL; Li X; Gu W; Davidson H; Mohan S; Baylink DJ. 2001. Identification of Wound Healing/Regeneration Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) at Multiple Time Points that Explain Seventy Percent of Variance in (MRL/MpJ and SJL/J) Mice F(2) Population. Genome Res 11(12):2027-33PubMed: 11731492 MGI: J:73197
McBrearty BA; Clark LD; Zhang XM; Blankenhorn EP; Heber-Katz E. 1998. Genetic analysis of a mammalian wound-healing trait. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95(20):11792-7PubMed: 9751744 MGI: J:50111
Murphy ED; Roths JB. 1978. Autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation: Induction by mutant gene lpr, and acceleration by a male-associated factor in strain BXSB mice:207-20MGI: J:28885
Perez de Lema G; Maier H; Nieto E; Vielhauer V; Luckow B; Mampaso F; Schlondorff D. 2001. Chemokine expression precedes inflammatory cell infiltration and chemokine receptor and cytokine expression during the initiation of murine lupus nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 12(7):1369-82PubMed: 11423566 MGI: J:109873
Petkov PM; Cassell MA; Sargent EE; Donnelly CJ; Robinson P; Crew V; Asquith S; Haar RV; Wiles MV. 2004. Development of a SNP genotyping panel for genetic monitoring of the laboratory mouse. Genomics 83(5):902-11PubMed: 15081119 MGI: J:89298
Ratkay LG; Tait B; Tonzetich J; Waterfield JD. 1994. Lpr and MRL background gene involvement in the control of adjuvant enhanced arthritis in MRL-lpr mice. J Autoimmun 7(5):561-73PubMed: 7530961 MGI: J:20844
Sakic B; Kolb B; Whishaw IQ; Gorny G; Szechtman H; Denburg JA. 2000. Immunosuppression prevents neuronal atrophy in lupus-prone mice: evidence for brain damage induced by autoimmune disease? J Neuroimmunol 111(1-2):93-101PubMed: 11063826 MGI: J:109885
Theofilopoulos AN; Dixon FJ. 1985. Murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus. Adv Immunol 37:269-390PubMed: 3890479 MGI: J:109952

Additional References

Bedelbaeva K; Snyder A; Gourevitch D; Clark L; Zhang XM; Leferovich J; Cheverud JM; Lieberman P; Heber-Katz E. 2010. Lack of p21 expression links cell cycle control and appendage regeneration in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(13):5845-50PubMed: 20231440 MGI: J:158653
Benton CS; Miller BH; Skwerer S; Suzuki O; Schultz LE; Cameron MD; Marron JS; Pletcher MT; Wiltshire T. 2012. Evaluating genetic markers and neurobiochemical analytes for fluoxetine response using a panel of mouse inbred strains. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 221(2):297-315PubMed: 22113448 MGI: J:275939
Boon AC; Finkelstein D; Zheng M; Liao G; Allard J; Klumpp K; Webster R; Peltz G; Webby RJ. 2011. H5N1 influenza virus pathogenesis in genetically diverse mice is mediated at the level of viral load. MBio 2(5)PubMed: 21896679 MGI: J:267274
Chen YG; Tsaih SW; Serreze DV. 2012. Genetic control of murine invariant natural killer T-cell development dynamically differs dependent on the examined tissue type. Genes Immun 13(2):164-74PubMed: 21938016 MGI: J:276531
Crowley JJ; Kim Y; Szatkiewicz JP; Pratt AL; Quackenbush CR; Adkins DE; van den Oord E; Bogue MA; Yang H; Wang W; Threadgill DW; de Villena FP; McLeod HL; Sullivan PF. 2012. Genome-wide association mapping of loci for antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms in mice. Mamm Genome 23(5-6):322-35PubMed: 22207321 MGI: J:179972
Dai R; Cowan C; Heid B; Khan D; Liang Z; Pham CT; Ahmed SA. 2017. Neutrophils and neutrophil serine proteases are increased in the spleens of estrogen-treated C57BL/6 mice and several strains of spontaneous lupus-prone mice. PLoS One 12(2):e0172105PubMed: 28192517 MGI: J:245406
Davis GS; Leslie KO; Hemenway DR. 1998. Silicosis in mice: effects of dose, time, and genetic strain. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 17(2):81-97PubMed: 9546745 MGI: J:48020
Elewa YH; Ichii O; Kon Y. 2016. Comparative analysis of mediastinal fat-associated lymphoid cluster development and lung cellular infiltration in murine autoimmune disease models and the corresponding normal control strains. Immunology 147(1):30-40PubMed: 26439309 MGI: J:253097
Engelmann R; Biemelt A; Cordshagen A; Johl A; Kuthning D; Muller-Hilke B. 2016. The Prerequisites for Central Tolerance Induction against Citrullinated Proteins in the Mouse. PLoS One 11(6):e0158773PubMed: 27362943 MGI: J:252294
Ferland RJ; Smith J; Papandrea D; Gracias J; Hains L; Kadiyala SB; O'Brien B; Kang EY; Beyer BS; Herron BJ. 2017. Multidimensional Genetic Analysis of Repeated Seizures in the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel Reveals a Novel Epileptogenesis Susceptibility Locus. G3 (Bethesda) 7(8):2545-2558PubMed: 28620084 MGI: J:276198
Geuther BQ; Deats SP; Fox KJ; Murray SA; Braun RE; White JK; Chesler EJ; Lutz CM; Kumar V. 2019. Robust mouse tracking in complex environments using neural networks. Commun Biol 2:124PubMed: 30937403 MGI: J:275426
Harrill AH; Desmet KD; Wolf KK; Bridges AS; Eaddy JS; Kurtz CL; Hall JE; Paine MF; Tidwell RR; Watkins PB. 2012. A mouse diversity panel approach reveals the potential for clinical kidney injury due to DB289 not predicted by classical rodent models. Toxicol Sci 130(2):416-26PubMed: 22940726 MGI: J:192655
Jabs DA; Prendergast RA; Rorer EM; Hudson AP; Whittum-Hudson JA. 2001. Cytokines in autoimmune lacrimal gland disease in MRL/MpJ mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 42(11):2567-71PubMed: 11581200 MGI: J:72054
Leduc MS; Hageman RS; Meng Q; Verdugo RA; Tsaih SW; Churchill GA; Paigen B; Yuan R. 2010. Identification of genetic determinants of IGF-1 levels and longevity among mouse inbred strains. Aging Cell 9(5):823-36PubMed: 20735370 MGI: J:201869
Leme AS; Berndt A; Williams LK; Tsaih SW; Szatkiewicz JP; Verdugo R; Paigen B; Shapiro SD. 2010. A survey of airway responsiveness in 36 inbred mouse strains facilitates gene mapping studies and identification of quantitative trait loci. Mol Genet Genomics 283(4):317-26PubMed: 20143096 MGI: J:276589
Lightfoot JT; Leamy L; Pomp D; Turner MJ; Fodor AA; Knab A; Bowen RS; Ferguson D; Moore-Harrison T; Hamilton A. 2010. Strain screen and haplotype association mapping of wheel running in inbred mouse strains. J Appl Physiol 109(3):623-34PubMed: 20538847 MGI: J:185928
McLachlan S; Lee SM; Steele TM; Hawthorne PL; Zapala MA; Eskin E; Schork NJ; Anderson GJ; Vulpe CD. 2011. In silico QTL mapping of basal liver iron levels in inbred mouse strains. Physiol Genomics 43(3):136-47PubMed: 21062905 MGI: J:220439
Morgan AP; Crowley JJ; Nonneman RJ; Quackenbush CR; Miller CN; Ryan AK; Bogue MA; Paredes SH; Yourstone S; Carroll IM; Kawula TH; Bower MA; Sartor RB; Sullivan PF. 2014. The antipsychotic olanzapine interacts with the gut microbiome to cause weight gain in mouse. PLoS One 9(12):e115225PubMed: 25506936 MGI: J:274739
Nakamura T; Otsuka S; Ichii O; Sakata Y; Nagasaki K; Hashimoto Y; Kon Y. 2013. Relationship between numerous mast cells and early follicular development in neonatal MRL/MpJ mouse ovaries. PLoS One 8(10):e77246PubMed: 24124609 MGI: J:244874
Nowling TK; Rodgers J; Thiyagarajan T; Wolf B; Bruner E; Sundararaj K; Molano I; Gilkeson G. 2020. Targeting glycosphingolipid metabolism as a potential therapeutic approach for treating disease in female MRL/lpr lupus mice. PLoS One 15(3):e0230499PubMed: 32187230 MGI: J:286783
Rai MF; Hashimoto S; Johnson EE; Janiszak KL; Fitzgerald J; Heber-Katz E; Cheverud JM; Sandell LJ. 2012. Heritability of articular cartilage regeneration and its association with ear wound healing in mice. Arthritis Rheum 64(7):2300-10PubMed: 22275233 MGI: J:275874
Ren M; Kazemian M; Zheng M; He J; Li P; Oh J; Liao W; Li J; Rajaseelan J; Kelsall BL; Peltz G; Leonard WJ. 2020. Transcription factor p73 regulates Th1 differentiation. Nat Commun 11(1):1475PubMed: 32193462 MGI: J:287402
Sakic B; Szechtman H; Keffer M; Talangbayan H; Stead R; Denburg JA. 1992. A behavioral profile of autoimmune lupus-prone MRL mice. Brain Behav Immun 6(3):265-85PubMed: 1392101 MGI: J:2700
Schoenrock SA; Oreper D; Young N; Ervin RB; Bogue MA; Valdar W; Tarantino LM. 2016. Ovariectomy results in inbred strain-specific increases in anxiety-like behavior in mice. Physiol Behav 167:404-412PubMed: 27693591 MGI: J:275944
Sharif MN; Campanholle G; Nagiec EE; Wang J; Syed J; O'Neil SP; Zhan Y; Brenneman K; Homer B; Neubert H; Karim R; Pullen N; Evans SM; Fleming M; Chockalingam P; Lin LL. 2016. Soluble Fn14 Is Detected and Elevated in Mouse and Human Kidney Disease. PLoS One 11(5):e0155368PubMed: 27171494 MGI: J:249028
Sinke AP; Caputo C; Tsaih SW; Yuan R; Ren D; Deen PM; Korstanje R. 2011. Genetic analysis of mouse strains with variable serum sodium concentrations identifies the Nalcn sodium channel as a novel player in osmoregulation. Physiol Genomics 43(5):265-70PubMed: 21177381 MGI: J:171768
Spurney RF; Onorato JJ; Ruiz P; Pisetsky DS; Coffman TM. 1993. Characterization of glomerular thromboxane receptors in murine lupus nephritis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 264(2):584-90PubMed: 8437109 MGI: J:281065
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Sundberg JP; Awgulewitsch A; Pruett ND; Potter CS; Silva KA; Stearns TM; Sundberg BA; Munoz MW; Cuasnicu PS; King LE Jr; Rice RH. 2014. Crisp1 and alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice. Exp Mol Pathol 97(3):525-8PubMed: 25446841 MGI: J:244188
Sundberg JP; Berndt A; Sundberg BA; Silva KA; Kennedy V; Bronson R; Yuan R; Paigen B; Harrison D; Schofield PN. 2011. The mouse as a model for understanding chronic diseases of aging: the histopathologic basis of aging in inbred mice. Pathobiol Aging Age Relat Dis 1PubMed: 22953031 MGI: J:236844
Verhagen C; Rowshani T; Willekens B; van Haeringen NJ. 1995. Spontaneous development of corneal crystalline deposits in MRL/Mp mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 36(2):454-61PubMed: 7843914 MGI: J:24024
Wiltshire T; Ervin RB; Duan H; Bogue MA; Zamboni WC; Cook S; Chung W; Zou F; Tarantino LM. 2015. Initial locomotor sensitivity to cocaine varies widely among inbred mouse strains. Genes Brain Behav 14(3):271-80PubMed: 25727211 MGI: J:235925
Wooley CM; Xing S; Burgess RW; Cox GA; Seburn KL. 2009. Age, experience and genetic background influence treadmill walking in mice. Physiol Behav 96(2):350-61PubMed: 19027767 MGI: J:275950
Xia H; Krebs MP; Kaushal S; Scott EW. 2011. Enhanced retinal pigment epithelium regeneration after injury in MRL/MpJ mice. Exp Eye Res 93(6):862-72PubMed: 21989111 MGI: J:189456
Xie C; Sharma R; Wang H; Zhou XJ; Mohan C. 2004. Strain distribution pattern of susceptibility to immune-mediated nephritis. J Immunol 172(8):5047-55PubMed: 15067087 MGI: J:122988
Xing S; Tsaih SW; Yuan R; Svenson KL; Jorgenson LM; So M; Paigen BJ; Korstanje R. 2009. Genetic influence on electrocardiogram time intervals and heart rate in aging mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 296(6):H1907-13PubMed: 19395551 MGI: J:150867
Yuan R; Meng Q; Nautiyal J; Flurkey K; Tsaih SW; Krier R; Parker MG; Harrison DE; Paigen B. 2012. Genetic coregulation of age of female sexual maturation and lifespan through circulating IGF1 among inbred mouse strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(21):8224-9PubMed: 22566614 MGI: J:184775
Yuan R; Tsaih SW; Petkova SB; Marin de Evsikova C; Xing S; Marion MA; Bogue MA; Mills KD; Peters LL; Bult CJ; Rosen CJ; Sundberg JP; Harrison DE; Churchill GA; Paigen B. 2009. Aging in inbred strains of mice: study design and interim report on median lifespans and circulating IGF1 levels. Aging Cell 8(3):277-87PubMed: 19627267 MGI: J:216124
Zhang Y; Li J; Zhou N; Zhang Y; Wu M; Xu J; Shen C; An X; Shen G; Yang M; Zhang C; Tao J. 2017. The Unknown Aspect of BAFF: Inducing IL-35 Production by a CD5(+)CD1d(hi)FcgammaRIIb(hi) Regulatory B-Cell Subset in Lupus. J Invest Dermatol 137(12):2532-2543PubMed: 28844943 MGI: J:252974
Zheng QY; Johnson KR; Erway LC. 1999. Assessment of hearing in 80 inbred strains of mice by ABR threshold analyses. Hear Res 130(1-2):94-107PubMed: 10320101 MGI: J:54812
Zheng QY; Tong YC; Alagramam KN; Yu H. 2007. Tympanometry assessment of 61 inbred strains of mice. Hear Res 231(1-2):23-31PubMed: 17611057 MGI: J:123543

Additional - Gpr84^del related

Additional - Il2^m1 related

Technical Support

CONTACT TECHNICAL SUPPORT

Genotyping Protocols
- Genotyping resources and troubleshooting
Inbred mouse strains are maintained through sibling (sister x brother) matings; no genotyping required.
Dietary Information
- LabDiet® 5K52 formulation (6% fat)
Breeding Considerations

This strain is a good breeder.

Due to the heightened healing which occurs in mice with the MRL genetic background, ear punch is not a good method for individual mouse identification in this strain.
- Additional Breeding and Husbandry Support
Mating System
- Sibling x Sibling
Appearance
- albino, unaffected
  Related Genotype: a/a Tyr^c/Tyr^c Fas⁺/Fas⁺
Citation
When using the MRL mouse strain in a publication, please include JAX stock #000486 in your Materials and Methods section.

Animal Health Reports

Facility Barrier Level Descriptions

AX28 (Maximum)

RB08 (Maximum)

Pricing & Availability

Available Now

Domestic
International

Live Mouse

Age

Genotype

Price

weeks

Cryorecovery - Pricing

Service/Product	Description	Price
	Inbred, 1 pair minimum will be supplied

Related Products and Services

Mouse ES Cells	MRL/MpJ mES cells	$1095.00
Mouse ES Cells	MRL/MpJ mES cells	$1095.00
Mouse ES Cells	MRL/MpJ mES cells	$1095.00
Mouse ES Cells	MRL/MpJ mES cells	$1095.00

Payment Terms and Conditions

Terms are granted by individual review and stated on the customer invoice(s) and account statement. These transactions are payable in U.S. currency within the granted terms. Payment for services, products, shipping containers, and shipping costs that are rendered are expected within the payment terms indicated on the invoice or stated by contract. Invoices and account balances in arrears of stated terms may result in The Jackson Laboratory pursuing collection activities including but not limited to outside agencies and court filings.

The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project. We do not guarantee breeding performance and therefore suggest that investigators order more than one breeding pair to avoid delays in their research.

Terms Of Use

General Terms and Conditions

Questions about Terms of Use

Licensing Information

Phone: 207-288-6470

Email: TechTran@jax.org

JAX® Mice, Products & Services Conditions of Use

"MICE" means mouse strains, their progeny derived by inbreeding or crossbreeding, unmodified derivatives from mouse strains or their progeny supplied by The Jackson Laboratory ("JACKSON"). "PRODUCT(S)" means biological materials supplied by JACKSON, and their derivatives. "SERVICES" means projects conducted by JACKSON for other parties that may include but are not limited to the use of MICE or PRODUCTS. "RECIPIENT" means each recipient of MICE, PRODUCTS, or SERVICES provided by JACKSON including each institution, its employees and other researchers under its control. MICE or PRODUCTS shall not be: (i) used for any purpose other than internal research, (ii) sold or otherwise provided to any third party for any use, or (iii) provided to any agent or other third party to provide breeding or other services. Acceptance of MICE, PRODUCTS or SERVICES from JACKSON shall be deemed as agreement by RECIPIENT to these conditions, and departure from these conditions requires JACKSON’s prior written authorization.

No Warranty

MICE, PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ARE PROVIDED "AS IS". JACKSON EXTENDS NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, WITH RESPECT TO MICE, PRODUCTS OR SERVICES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.

Credit for PRODUCTS or SERVICES

In case of dissatisfaction for a valid reason and claimed in writing by a purchaser within ninety (90) days of receipt of, PRODUCTS or SERVICES, JACKSON will, at its option, provide credit or replacement for the PRODUCT received or the SERVICES provided; JACKSON makes no other representations and this shall be the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. Please note specific policy for live mice.

Animal Care and Use for SERVICES

Consistent with the requirement for a written understanding regarding animal care and use, the JACKSON Animal Care and Use Committee will review the animal care and use protocol(s) associated with any SERVICES to be performed at JACKSON, and JACKSON shall have ultimate responsibility and authority for the care of animals while on site or in JACKSON custody.

No Liability

In no event shall JACKSON, its trustees, directors, officers, employees, and affiliates be liable for any causes of action or damages, including any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, arising out of the provision of MICE, PRODUCTS, or SERVICES, including economic damage or injury to property and lost profits, and including any damage arising from acts or negligence on the part of JACKSON, its agents or employees. Unless prohibited by law, in purchasing or receiving MICE, PRODUCTS, or SERVICES from JACKSON, purchaser or recipient, or any party claiming by or through them, expressly releases and discharges JACKSON from all such causes of action or damages, and further agrees to defend and indemnify JACKSON from any costs or damages arising out of any third party claims.

MICE, PRODUCTS or SERVICES are to be used in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable governmental rules and regulations.

The foregoing represents the General Terms and Conditions applicable to JACKSON’s MICE, PRODUCTS or SERVICES. In addition, special terms and conditions of sale of certain MICE, PRODUCTS, or SERVICES may be set forth separately in JACKSON web pages, catalogs, price lists, contracts, and/or other documents, and these special terms and conditions shall also govern the sale of these MICE, PRODUCTS and SERVICES by JACKSON, and by its licensees and distributors.

Acceptance of delivery of MICE, PRODUCTS or SERVICES shall be deemed agreement to these terms and conditions. No purchase order or other document transmitted by purchaser or recipient that may modify the terms and conditions hereof, shall be in any way binding on JACKSON, and instead the terms and conditions set forth herein, including any special terms and conditions set forth separately, shall govern the sale of MICE, PRODUCTS or SERVICES by JACKSON.