JAX Mouse Strain Datasheet - 000485

MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr/J

Stock No:: 000485 |; MRL-lpr

Spontaneous Mutation

Readily Available

Overview

Also Known As: MRL-lpr, lymphoproliferation

This strain is commonly known as MRL-lpr or lpr mutant. Mice are homozygous for the lymphoproliferation spontaneous mutation (Fas^lpr), and show systemic autoimmunity, massive lymphadenopathy associated with proliferation of aberrant T cells, arthritis, and immune complex glomerulonephrosis. Mice are useful as a model to determine the etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjorgren (Sicca) syndrome and to evaluate therapies.

Genetic overview

Genetic Background	Generation
	F5pF13 (05-AUG-14)

Fas^lpr

Allele Type	Gene Symbol	Gene Name
Spontaneous (Hypomorph)	Fas	Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6)

View Genetics

Research Applications

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
Internal/Organ Research
Apoptosis Research
Cancer Research

View All Research Applications

Base Price

Starting at:

$116.13 Domestic price for female 3-week

View Price List

Details

Important Note

July 2007: This strain has been recovered from cryopreservation and the original phenotype was observed: The sixteen-week old mice have lymph nodes that were 4.5 (females) to 10.1 times (male) larger than age and sex matched individuals from the former colony. Splenomegaly is 3 to 6 times greater and their life spans were also greatly reduced. The former version of this line, which displayed a loss of lymphoproliferative phenotype, has been renamed MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr/2J and is available as Stock No. 006825.

Detailed Description

Mice homozygous for the lymphoproliferation spontaneous mutation (Fas^lpr) show systemic autoimmunity, massive lymphadenopathy associated with proliferation of aberrant T cells, arthritis, and immune complex glomerulonephrosis. Starting at about three months of age, levels of circulating immune complexes rise greatly in the MRL-lpr/lpr mouse but not the MRL normal (Hewicker 1990). Onset and severity of symptoms associated with the Fas^lpr gene is strain-dependent. For example, lymphoproliferation varies greatly with congenic strain C57BL/6J-Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr at a 24 fold increase over control lymph node weight, MRL/Mp-Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr at 75 fold and congenic strain C3H/HeJ-Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr highest at 116 fold increase over control lymph node weight (Morse et al 1985). Variance in renal pathology ranks from extensive in MRL/Mp-Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr at 4 to 7 months to negligible at 14 to 16 months in mice with C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ backgrounds and homozygous for the Fas^lpr (Kelley and Roths 1985). Spontaneous production of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies is likewise affected with percentage binding of radiolabeled dsDNA in Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr mice varying from 5 percent on C57BL/6J to 26 percent on C3H/HeJ to as high as 49 percent on MRL/Mp (Izui et al 1984). Female MRL/Mp-Fas^lpr mice die at an average age of 17 weeks of age and males at 22 weeks. This compares to between 42 and 52 weeks in females on the C57BL/6J or C3H/HeJ background (Roths 1987). Embryonic stem cell lines have been established with MRL/Mp-Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr mouse strains (Kawase et al 1994). This mouse is a model for systemic lupus erythematosus-like autoimmune syndromes.

MRL/MpJ and one of its ancestral strains LG/J display heightened wound healing relative to a panel of other inbred strains. At 4 weeks post-injury, 2mm ear punch wounds healed to 0-0.4mm in MRL/MpJ mice but were still 1.2-1.6mm in C57BL/6 mice. At 15 days post-injury C57BL/6 showed a maximal closure of 30% reduction in ear hole size while MRL showed 85% reduction. The process of healing in MRL/MpJ mice was faster, more complete, showed increased swelling, angiogenesis, fibroblast migration, extracellular matrix deposition, and decreased scarring and fibrosis. Additionally, hair follicles and accompanying sebaceous glands were regenerated to a much greater degree. The other ancestral strains of MRL/MpJ (C3H, C57BL/6, and AKR) do not display this enhanced healing. Bon e marrow transplantation showed that the MRL/MpJ healing phenotype did not readily transfer with bone marrow and did remain in the irradiated host tissues. Enhanced healing of cardiac wounds has also been reported in MRL/MpJ mice. In this model a very high mitotic index (10-20%) was found, similar to that seen in non-mammalian tissue regeneration. Using F2 and backcross mapping of MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr x B6 progeny McBrearty et al. identified wound healing QTLs: the heal2 and heal3 loci were identified on MRL/MpJ Chromosome 13 in the region of D13Mit115 and D13Mit129 respectively; the heal5 locus was identified on MRL/MpJ chromosome 12 in the region of D12Mit233; the heal1 locus was identified on chromosome 8 of C57BL/6 in the region of D8Mit211; and a highly suggestive locus was found on MRL/MpJ Chromosome 7 in the region of D7Mit220. (Clark et al., 1998; Leferovich et al., 2001; Kench et al., 1999; McBrearty et al., 1998.)

Microarray analysis and SELDI ProteinChip analysis have identified multiple genes and proteins that have varied expression in the ear punch wounds of MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr versus C57BL/6. The changes in expression patterns suggest that in MRL/MpJ mice there is less of an inflammatory response and an earlier transition into tissue repair than is seen in C57BL/6. (Li et al., 2000 and 2001.)

Blankenhorn et al. found that MRL/MpJ females heal faster and more completely than males. Some heal QTL are sexually dimorphic with heal 2, 3, 7, 8, 10, and 11 having greater effect in males and heal 4, 5, and 9 having greater effect in females. Castration improves wound healing in MRL/MpJ males to nearly the degree seen in females, but ovariectomy does not improve the degree of healing seen in MRL/MpJ females. (Blankenhorn et al., 2003)

Relative to B10.D2nSnJ mice, MRL/MpJ mice have decreased Neutrophil accumulation in the bronchiolar lavage in response to LPS infusion and tests using bone marrow chimeras revealed that the pulmonary inflammatory response transfers with bone marrow. Transforming growth factor beta 1 autologous induction is reduced in MRL/MpJ splenocytes while macrophages show a reduction in the transforming growth factor beta 1 induction of interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha production but no significant reduction in transforming growth factor beta 1 production. (Kench et al., 1999.) MRL-Fas^lpr are also highly susceptible to Mycobacterium leprae (Yogi et al., 1989).

Development

The first observation of the massive lymphoproliferation occurred in the 12th generation of inbreeding of strain MRL/Mp derived from crosses among strains LG, AKR, C3H, and C57BL/6 at The Jackson Laboratory. At the 13th generation it was possible to select both lymphoproliferative positive and negative sublines which had an estimated 89% of their genomes in common. The mutant gene, Fas^lpr, was transferred to the MRL negative strain by 5 cycles of cross-intercross matings thus reducing the estimate of residual heterozygosity to 1% from 11% (Murphy and Roth 1978 58:51).

Control Suggestions

000486 MRL/MpJ

Additional Information

Considerations for Choosing Controls

Selected References

Andrews BS; Eisenberg RA; Theofilopoulos AN; Izui S; Wilson CB; McConahey PJ; Murphy ED; Roths JB; Dixon FJ. 1978. Spontaneous murine lupus-like syndromes. Clinical and immunopathological manifestations in several strains. J Exp Med 148(5):1198-215. PubMed: 309911 MGI: J:27634
Clark LD; Clark RK; Heber-Katz E. 1998. A new murine model for mammalian wound repair and regeneration. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 88(1):35-45. PubMed: 9683548 MGI: J:48937
Drappa J; Brot N; Elkon KB. 1993. The Fas protein is expressed at high levels on CD4+CD8+ thymocytes and activated mature lymphocytes in normal mice but not in the lupus-prone strain, MRL lpr/lpr. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90(21):10340-4. PubMed: 7694292 MGI: J:15429
Fields ML; Sokol CL; Eaton-Bassiri A; Seo Sj; Madaio MP; Erikson J. 2001. Fas/fas ligand deficiency results in altered localization of anti-double-stranded dna b cells and dendritic cells. J Immunol 167(4):2370-8. PubMed: 11490027 MGI: J:70822
Gu L; Weinreb A; Wang XP; Zack DJ; Qiao JH; Weisbart R; Lusis AJ. 1998. Genetic determinants of autoimmune disease and coronary vasculitis in the MRL-lpr/lpr mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 161(12):6999-7006. PubMed: 9862736 MGI: J:52131
Hewicker M; Kromschroder E; Trautwein G. 1990. Detection of circulating immune complexes in MRL mice with different forms of glomerulonephritis. Z Versuchstierkd 33(4):149-56. PubMed: 2238887 MGI: J:109933
Johnson BC; Morton JI; Trune DR. 1992. Lacrimal and salivary gland inflammation in the C3H/Ipr autoimmune strain mouse: a potential mode for Sjogren's syndrome. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 106(4):394-9. PubMed: 1565490 MGI: J:1028
Kawase E; Suemori H; Takahashi N; Okazaki K; Hashimoto K; Nakatsuji N. 1994. Strain difference in establishment of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell lines. Int J Dev Biol 38(2):385-90. PubMed: 7981049 MGI: J:19823
Kench JA; Russell DM; Fadok VA; Young SK; Worthen GS; Jones-Carson J; Henson JE; Henson PM; Nemazee D. 1999. Aberrant wound healing and TGF-beta production in the autoimmune-prone MRL/+ mouse. Clin Immunol 92(3):300-10. PubMed: 10479535 MGI: J:57718
Leferovich JM; Bedelbaeva K; Samulewicz S; Zhang XM; Zwas D; Lankford EB; Heber-Katz E. 2001. Heart regeneration in adult MRL mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(17):9830-5. PubMed: 11493713 MGI: J:109867
Li X; Mohan S; Gu W; Baylink DJ. 2001. Analysis of gene expression in the wound repair/regeneration process. Mamm Genome 12(1):52-9. PubMed: 11178744 MGI: J:68684
Li X; Mohan S; Gu W; Miyakoshi N; Baylink DJ. 2000. Differential protein profile in the ear-punched tissue of regeneration and non-regeneration strains of mice: a novel approach to explore the candidate genes for soft-tissue regeneration Biochim Biophys Acta 1524(2-3):102-9. PubMed: 11113556 MGI: J:66437
McBrearty BA; Clark LD; Zhang XM; Blankenhorn EP; Heber-Katz E. 1998. Genetic analysis of a mammalian wound-healing trait. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95(20):11792-7. PubMed: 9751744 MGI: J:50111
Medana I; Li Z; Flugel A; Tschopp J; Wekerle H; Neumann H. 2001. Fas ligand (CD95L) protects neurons against perforin-mediated T lymphocyte cytotoxicity. J Immunol 167(2):674-81. PubMed: 11441070 MGI: J:109872
Morse HC 3rd; Davidson WF; Yetter RA; Murphy ED; Roths JB; Coffman RL. 1982. Abnormalities induced by the mutant gene Ipr: expansion of a unique lymphocyte subset. J Immunol 129(6):2612-5. PubMed: 6815273 MGI: J:6902
Morse HC 3rd; Roths JB; Davidson WF; Langdon WY; Fredrickson TN; Hartley JW. 1985. Abnormalities induced by the mutant gene, lpr. Patterns of disease and expression of murine leukemia viruses in SJL/J mice homozygous and heterozygous for lpr. J Exp Med 161(3):602-16. PubMed: 2982991 MGI: J:7745
Sato EH; Sullivan DA. 1994. Comparative influence of steroid hormones and immunosuppressive agents on autoimmune expression in lacrimal glands of a female mouse model of Sjogren's syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35(5):2632-42. PubMed: 8163351 MGI: J:18512
Watanabe-Fukunaga R; Brannan CI; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA; Nagata S. 1992. Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in Fas antigen that mediates apoptosis. Nature 356(6367):314-7. PubMed: 1372394 MGI: J:1181
Yogi Y; Nakamura K; Suzuki A. 1989. The experimental inoculation with Mycobacterium leprae in autoimmune mice: results of MRL/lpr mice inoculated into the right hind foot (continued). Nippon Rai Gakkai Zasshi 58(4):235-40. PubMed: 2489281 MGI: J:27853

View All References

Genetics

Fas^lpr

Allele Symbol: Fas^lpr

Allele Name	lymphoproliferation
Allele Type	Spontaneous (Hypomorph)
Allele Synonym(s)	Fas-; Fas-def; MRL/lpr; Tnfrf6^lpr; Tnfrsf6^lpr; Tnfrsf6lpr; lpr
Gene Symbol and Name	Fas, Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6)
Gene Synonym(s)	AI196731; ALPS1A; APO-1; APT1; CD95; FAS1; FASTM; TNF receptor superfamily member 6; TNFR6; TNFRSF6; Tnfrsf6; Tnfrsf6; expressed sequence AI196731; lpr; lymphoproliferation
Strain of Origin	MRL/Mp
Chromosome	19
General Note	Fas^lpr, lymphoproliferation, recessive. This mutation was found during inbreeding of a strain MRL/Mp derived from crosses among strains LG, AKR, C3H, and C57BL/6. The resemblance has led to extensive use of Fas^lpr mice in attempts to determine the etiology of SLE and to evaluate therapies. However, the human APT1 gene (OMIM 134637) encodes the FAS antigen; Tnfrsf6 is not the homolog of the human (SLE) gene.The Cd72^c haplotype is a modifier of Fas^lpr-induced autoimmune disease. J:204782
Molecular Note	Southern blotting experiments indicated that the mutation is a genomic rearrangement within the gene, probably within the second intron. Sequencing of genomic DNA and RT-PCR products from homozygous mutant mice revealed the insertion of an early transposable element (ETn) into intron 2. RT-PCR analysis of liver and thymus mRNA showed that the presence of the ETn leads to premature termination of transcription at the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the ETn and aberrant mRNA splicing. The mutation is "leaky," however, as full-length mRNA and a longer splice product incorporating a segment of the ETn as an extra intron are detected in the thymus at low levels.

Disease/Phenotype

Disease Terms

Research Areas By Genotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Autoimmunity
  - lupus erythematosus
- Immunodeficiency
  - Sjogren syndrome
Internal/Organ Research
- Wound Healing
  - enhanced

Genotype: Fas^lpr related

Apoptosis Research
- Death Receptors
Cancer Research
- Genes Regulating Growth and Proliferation
Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Autoimmunity
  - lupus erythematosus
  - lupus erythematosus: rheumatoid arthritis
- Inflammation
  - rheumatoid arthritis

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
MRL-Fas^lpr

immune system phenotype

abnormal T-helper 2 physiology
- T cell-enriched populations from older animals provided twice the help offered by T cells of young syngeneic animals or T cells from young and older normal mice of the same H-2 haplotype
- enhanced T-helper cell activity is seen in vitro; removal of T cells from splenic cultures resulted in a significant reduction of the frequency of spontaneous immunoglobulin release in both autoimmune and normal spleen cell populations

enlarged lymph nodes
- mean weight of axillary lymph nodes is 1.3 grams

glomerulonephritis
- lymphocyte infiltration, lobulation, and hyaline deposition noted in kidney

increased IgG level
- twice wild-type levels

increased IgM level
- about 1.7 fold higher than wild-type levels

increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level
- 30 fold higher than in mice without autoimmune disease

increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level
- levels are elevated compared to wild-type mice

increased immunoglobulin level
- splenic cells in culture show four- to sixfold higher frequencies of spontaneous immunoglobulin release than controls

increased spleen weight
- mean weight is 0.9 grams

vasculitis
- observed in kidneys with destruction of external elastic lamina common

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

increased blood urea nitrogen level
- mean levels are 52.4 mg/dl

hematopoietic system phenotype

abnormal T-helper 2 physiology
- T cell-enriched populations from older animals provided twice the help offered by T cells of young syngeneic animals or T cells from young and older normal mice of the same H-2 haplotype
- enhanced T-helper cell activity is seen in vitro; removal of T cells from splenic cultures resulted in a significant reduction of the frequency of spontaneous immunoglobulin release in both autoimmune and normal spleen cell populations

increased IgG level
- twice wild-type levels

increased IgM level
- about 1.7 fold higher than wild-type levels

increased immunoglobulin level
- splenic cells in culture show four- to sixfold higher frequencies of spontaneous immunoglobulin release than controls

increased spleen weight
- mean weight is 0.9 grams

cardiovascular system phenotype

vasculitis
- observed in kidneys with destruction of external elastic lamina common

renal/urinary system phenotype

glomerulonephritis
- lymphocyte infiltration, lobulation, and hyaline deposition noted in kidney

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
involves: MRL/Mp

mortality/aging

increased sensitivity to induced morbidity/mortality
- mice exhibit increased Pseudomonas aerugiosa exotoxin-induced mortality compared with similarly treated wild-type mice

immune system phenotype

decreased macrophage apoptosis
- macrophages exhibit 60% less cholesterol-induced apoptosis compared with similarly treated wild-type cells

increased susceptibility to bacterial infection
- mice exhibit increased Pseudomonas aerugiosa exotoxin-induced mortality compared with similarly treated wild-type mice

cellular phenotype

decreased macrophage apoptosis
- macrophages exhibit 60% less cholesterol-induced apoptosis compared with similarly treated wild-type cells

hematopoietic system phenotype

decreased macrophage apoptosis
- macrophages exhibit 60% less cholesterol-induced apoptosis compared with similarly treated wild-type cells

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr

mortality/aging

premature death
- 50% mortality by 20 weeks; <40% survival beyond 40 weeks
- animals start to die at 4.5 months, with >50% mortality observed at 7 months

hematopoietic system phenotype

abnormal leukocyte adhesion
- significantly enhanced at 12 and 16 weeks

abnormal leukocyte morphology
- 46% of venules display leukocytes adjacent to endothelium, compared to only 145 in controls; in mutants and controls, 60-70% of these cells are mononuclear

decreased B cell number

decreased CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell number
- reduced compared to wild-type MRL animals

decreased CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell number
- reduced compared to wild-type MRL animals

decreased activated T cell number

enlarged spleen
- severe

impaired leukocyte tethering or rolling
- in mice chronically treated with anti-E-selectin antibodies, rolling is completely eliminated
- rolling is dramatically reduced, but not eliminated, in mutants compared to controls

increased double-negative T cell number
- significantly increased relative to controls

increased immunoglobulin level
- mice develop hypergammaglobulinemia

immune system phenotype

abnormal leukocyte adhesion
- significantly enhanced at 12 and 16 weeks

abnormal leukocyte morphology
- 46% of venules display leukocytes adjacent to endothelium, compared to only 145 in controls; in mutants and controls, 60-70% of these cells are mononuclear

autoimmune response
- mice develop anti-nuclear antibodies (ie. anti-dsDNA, anti-ssDNA, etc)

decreased B cell number

decreased CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell number
- reduced compared to wild-type MRL animals

decreased CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell number
- reduced compared to wild-type MRL animals

decreased activated T cell number

enlarged lymph nodes
- severe

enlarged spleen
- severe

glomerulonephritis
- mice show deposition of IgG or C3 in kidneys and inflammation

impaired leukocyte tethering or rolling
- in mice chronically treated with anti-E-selectin antibodies, rolling is completely eliminated
- rolling is dramatically reduced, but not eliminated, in mutants compared to controls

increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level
- levels of anti-dsDNA and anti-chromatin autoantibodies are elevated compared to wild-type

increased autoantibody level
- IgG3 anti-IgG2a rheumatoid factor (RF) levels are much higher than wild-type controls

increased double-negative T cell number
- significantly increased relative to controls

increased immunoglobulin level
- mice develop hypergammaglobulinemia

vascular inflammation
- mice develop systemic necrotizing arteritis of small- and medium-sized arteries; frequently observed in kidneys

cardiovascular system phenotype

vascular inflammation
- mice develop systemic necrotizing arteritis of small- and medium-sized arteries; frequently observed in kidneys

renal/urinary system phenotype

glomerulonephritis
- mice show deposition of IgG or C3 in kidneys and inflammation

cellular phenotype

abnormal leukocyte adhesion
- significantly enhanced at 12 and 16 weeks

impaired leukocyte tethering or rolling
- in mice chronically treated with anti-E-selectin antibodies, rolling is completely eliminated
- rolling is dramatically reduced, but not eliminated, in mutants compared to controls

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr/J

mortality/aging

premature death
- 50% mortality is observed at 5 months with 90% mortality at 7.5 months, significantly reduced from wild-type

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

abnormal enzyme/coenzyme activity
- Background Sensitivity - 7-8 week old mice show 2-3 fold induction of Dnase1l3 in macrophages and 4-5 fold induction in splenocytes over C57BL/6; levels in other strains like BXSB/MpJ and (NZB x NZW)F1 are similarly elevated compared to B6
- Background Sensitivity - mice show a dramatic defect (~8-fold decrease) in macrophage-secreted Dnase1l3 barrier to liposomal (BT) activity compared to B6; (NZB x NZW)F1 mice show a similar defect in BT activity

albuminuria
- mice have excessive urinary albumin compared to wild-type (>10-fold) at 3-4 months

increased urine protein level

pigmentation phenotype

abnormal strial intermediate cell morphology
- thinned intermediate cell layer

digestive/alimentary phenotype

salivary gland inflammation

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype

salivary gland inflammation

immune system phenotype

CNS inflammation
- at 20 weeks, all mice show mononuclear infiltrates in the choroid plexus; at 10 weeks, all mice display monuclear infiltrates

abnormal immunoglobulin level
- in vitro, splenic B cells produce significantly higher amounts of IgG1 in response to LPS and anti-CD40 plus Il4 stimulation, and higher amounts of IgG2a upon LPS stimulation

abnormal lymph node morphology
- larger lymph nodes often show extensive hemorrhage and necrosis

conjunctivitis

decreased IgG level
- production of anti-NP IgG is impaired in spleen cells

decreased immature B cell number
- CD19+IgM+ immature B cells are reduced in the spleen

decreased marginal zone B cell number
- numbers of marginal zone (MZ) B cells is reduced

decreased mature B cell number
- CD19+ IgD^high IgM^low B cells are severely reduced in the spleen

decreased spleen germinal center number
- staining intensity and number of germinal centers (GCs) is reduced 10 days post-challenge with NP-KLH antigen, compared to controls

decreased transitional stage B cell number
- numbers of the T1 subset of B cells is reduced

enlarged lymph nodes
- nodes are 62 times normal size

glomerulonephritis
- Background Sensitivity - severe immune complex glomerulonephritis develops by 6 months
- kidney lesions have lower scores than those in double mutants at 20 weeks
- mice show deposition of IgG or C3 in kidneys and inflammation, similar to Fas homozygotes

increased IgG level
- mice exhibit increased serum IgG levels and IgG deposits in the kidney unlike wild-type mice

increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level
- antibodies are increased relative to controls and other mutant strains with Fas^lpr mutations
- mice produce high titers of IgG1 and IgG2a anti-dsDNA antibodies, comparable to Fas homozygotes

increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level
- DNA auto-antibodies are increased compared to in wild-type mice at 12 weeks
- at 16 weeks, anti-DNA titers are significantly higher than in wild-type controls
- by 5-6 months of age, Fas-deficient mice have antinuclear antibody (ANA) levels comparable to >50% of C4b-deficient females (on Igh^b haplotype homozygous background)
- mice have significantly increased levels of anti-ssDNA antibodies

increased autoantibody level
- at 16 weeks, levels of anti-cardiolipin antibodies are significantly higher than in wild-type controls; levels are significantly higher at 8 weeks
- mice exhibit increased serum levels of kappa-chain rheumatoid factor compared to in wild-type mice

increased immunoglobulin level
- IgG and IgM levels are increased in serum at 6 months
- mice display hypergammaglobulinemia; serum levels are comparable to Fas homozygotes

increased neutrophil cell number
- mild to moderated neutrophil accumulation is observed at 20 weeks

increased plasma cell number
- increased B220+IgM+ cells are observed in bone marrow; number of IgG-secreting cells are significantly increased compared to Fas^lpr homozygotes

increased susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus
- mice exhibit increased serum levels of kappa-chain rheumatoid factor and DNA auto-antibodies, lymphadenopathy, glomerulonephritis, renal immunoglobulin deposits, proteinuria, and end organ disease compared to in wild-type mice

salivary gland inflammation

vasculitis

hematopoietic system phenotype

abnormal immunoglobulin level
- in vitro, splenic B cells produce significantly higher amounts of IgG1 in response to LPS and anti-CD40 plus Il4 stimulation, and higher amounts of IgG2a upon LPS stimulation

decreased IgG level
- production of anti-NP IgG is impaired in spleen cells

decreased immature B cell number
- CD19+IgM+ immature B cells are reduced in the spleen

decreased marginal zone B cell number
- numbers of marginal zone (MZ) B cells is reduced

decreased mature B cell number
- CD19+ IgD^high IgM^low B cells are severely reduced in the spleen

decreased spleen germinal center number
- staining intensity and number of germinal centers (GCs) is reduced 10 days post-challenge with NP-KLH antigen, compared to controls

decreased transitional stage B cell number
- numbers of the T1 subset of B cells is reduced

increased IgG level
- mice exhibit increased serum IgG levels and IgG deposits in the kidney unlike wild-type mice

increased immunoglobulin level
- IgG and IgM levels are increased in serum at 6 months
- mice display hypergammaglobulinemia; serum levels are comparable to Fas homozygotes

increased neutrophil cell number
- mild to moderated neutrophil accumulation is observed at 20 weeks

increased plasma cell number
- increased B220+IgM+ cells are observed in bone marrow; number of IgG-secreting cells are significantly increased compared to Fas^lpr homozygotes

renal/urinary system phenotype

abnormal kidney physiology
- progressive decline in renal function is observed, during progression to end-stage renal disease

abnormal renal glomerulus morphology
- abnormalities due to severe glomerulonephritis
- at 20 weeks, lesions show some neutrophil infiltration and hypercellularity
- tuft necrosis, capsular proliferation and fibrosis are less common and less severe than observed in double mutants

albuminuria
- mice have excessive urinary albumin compared to wild-type (>10-fold) at 3-4 months

cortical renal glomerulopathies
- glomerulonephritic changes such as hypercellularity, lobularity, dilated capsules and crescent formation or enlarged glomeruli are observed in mice at 3-4 months

dilated renal glomerular capsule
- dilated capsules are observed in mice at 3-4 months

expanded mesangial matrix
- mild increase in mesangial matrix is seen at 20 weeks of age

glomerular crescent
- crescent formation is observed in mice at 3-4 months

glomerulonephritis
- Background Sensitivity - severe immune complex glomerulonephritis develops by 6 months
- kidney lesions have lower scores than those in double mutants at 20 weeks
- mice show deposition of IgG or C3 in kidneys and inflammation, similar to Fas homozygotes

increased urine protein level

mesangial cell hyperplasia
- mild increase in mesangial cells is seen at 20 weeks of age

podocyte foot process effacement
- foot processes are only focally effaced

renal glomerulus hypertrophy
- enlarged glomeruli are observed in mice at 3-4 months

behavior/neurological phenotype

abnormal spatial learning
- mice show increased latency to locate hidden platform in water maze testing on days 2-5 of testing at 8 weeks of age; at 16 weeks in spatial bias testing, mutants spend less time and travel reduced distances in quadrant of platform's previous location compared to controlspared to controls

impaired coordination
- equilibrium is significantly impaired in mice at 18-20 weeks, as measured by performance in rotarod tests

vision/eye phenotype

abnormal conjunctival epithelium morphology

conjunctivitis

vision/eye phenotype

cardiovascular system phenotype

abnormal myocardium layer morphology
- myocardium neighboring the heart valves shows mononuclear infiltration of the vessels, but valves are normal

vasculitis

hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype

abnormal stria vascularis morphology
- slight degenerative changes in the stria vascularis of both the apical and basal turns
- the basal infolding of strial marginal cells
- the basement membrane of the capillaries in the stria vascularis was thickened
- widened intercellular space in the stria vascularis

abnormal strial intermediate cell morphology
- thinned intermediate cell layer

increased or absent threshold for auditory brainstem response
- the ABR threshold f the 20-week-old mutant mice were significantly higher than those of the 4-week-old mutant mice and the 20-week-old wild-type BALB/c mice

nervous system phenotype

CNS inflammation
- at 20 weeks, all mice show mononuclear infiltrates in the choroid plexus; at 10 weeks, all mice display monuclear infiltrates

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
MRL/Mp-Fas^lpr

mortality/aging

premature death
- 50% mortality is observed at 5 or 5.5 months for females and males with 90% mortality at 7.3 or 8.6 months in females and males
- life span of females is 120+/-4 days
- life span of males is 154+/-32 days
- mean age of death in females was 17 weeks of age
- mean age of death in males was 22 weeks of age

vision/eye phenotype

lacrimal gland inflammation
- adult lacrimal glands show infiltration by lymphocytes
- treatment with steroids alleviates lymphocyte infiltration

integument phenotype

skin lesions
- erythemateous lesions of the ear often become necrotic
- lesions accompanied by hair loss and scab formation were common

cellular phenotype

increased kidney cell proliferation
- glomerular lesions involve proliferation of endothelial and mesangial cells

immune system phenotype

abnormal B cell morphology
- frequency of C3d receptor bearing cells declines with age

abnormal B cell receptor editing
- Anti-dsDNA B cells escape receptor editing

abnormal T cell morphology
- increase in T-cell frequencies and absolute numbers with advanced disease; however, the number of Ly123+ and Ly23+ T cells is markedly decreased in older mice compared to young mice
- lymph node cells (T cell origin) are abnormal; cells are Ly-2^-/L3T4^-/surface Ig^-
- mutant Lyt-2^- T cells express a cell surface marker that is also expressed on B cells
- the proliferating T cell population expresses cell surface markers that are normally expressed by B cells, in addition to normal T cell surface markers

abnormal T cell physiology
- cells do not generate CTL in response to stimulation with alloantigens

abnormal T cell proliferation
- cells do not proliferate in response to stimulation with alloantigens

abnormal T-helper 2 physiology
- activity of helper T cells is enhanced in older mice relative to younger animals or normal controls

abnormal cytotoxic T cell physiology
- 4-6 month old mice exhibit significantly depressed cytotoxic T cell response to alloantigens

abnormal immune system organ morphology

abnormal immune system physiology

abnormal interleukin level
- stimulation with concanavalin A does not induce cells to produce Il2

abnormal lymph node cell ratio
- mice show 4- to 6-fold higher frequencies of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (IgSC) compared to normal controls

abnormal lymph node morphology
- in mice with lymph node hyperplasia, larger nodes show extensive hemorrhage and cystic necrosis, which results in clinically observed terminal reduction in size

abnormal marginal zone B cell morphology
- mice have a larger marginal zone B cell population (10.8% of splenic lymphocytes) compared to BALB/c controls (1.9%)

abnormal thymus medulla morphology
- increase in thymus weight restricted to the medulla

abnormal type III hypersensitivity reaction
- perivascular and peribronchial lymphoproliferation observed in lung reslting in patches of atelectasis and exudate containing patches
- perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes in lung, kidney, salivary gland and liver

decreased interleukin-2 secretion
- early in life, mice show reduced Il2 production, that worsens with age, such that almost no Il2 activity is detected in culture supernatants from 2 month old animals; spleen cells show no stimulated Il2 production upon stimulation with concanavalin A
- mice have severe deficiency in Il-2 production

enlarged Peyer's patches
- slight enlargement

enlarged lymph nodes
- all mice begin to develop generalized lymph lymphadenopathy when >3 months of age; in about 33%. lymph nodes shrink markedly 7-10 days before death
- enlargement started at 8 weeks of age and progressed until lymph node weights were 100 times control lymph node weight by 16 weeks of age
- no evidence of malignancy was present, despite enlargement
- node architecture was blurred, with proliferation of lymphocytes with some admixture of plasma cells and histiocytes

enlarged spleen
- spleen is 7-fold larger than controls

enlarged thymus
- slighlty enlarged

glomerulonephritis
- capsular cell proliferation, tubular damage, and casts were seen in severe lesions
- glomerular lesions involve proliferation of both endothelial and mesangial cells and basement membrane thickening
- granular deposits of immunoglobulins present in the capillary walls
- immune complex glomerulonephritis
- mice show a largely subacute proliferative form of disease; lesions involve proliferation of endothelial and mesangial cells

increased IgA level
- 2-fold increase

increased IgG level
- at 2-3 months, concentration are up to 5 times control and 8 times control at 5 months

increased IgG1 level
- 10-fold increase

increased IgG2a level
- 10-fold increase

increased IgG2b level
- 2-fold increase

increased IgM level
- 2-fold increase

increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level
- 4-month old mice show around 4-fold higher number of spleen cells secreting autoantibodies to dsDNA compared to 8-month old wild-type controls.
- high levels detected at 4-5 months
- levels of these auto antibodies rise with age
- significant levels of IgM and IgG antibodies that bind dsDNA antibodies are detected in mice 6-8 weeks of age

increased anti-erythrocyte antigen antibody level
- levels reach 4 and 11% in males and females

increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level
- anti-Sm antibodies are detected in males and females but not in controls
- anti-nuclear antigen antibody (ANA) activity in renal eluate Ig is much higher than activity in serum Ig for anti-ssDNA and anti-dsDNA
- antinuclear antibody titers are detectable at 8 weeks of age and increased rapidly

increased anti-single stranded DNA antibody level
- detected at significant levels at 2 months, with very high levels detected at 4-5 months

increased autoantibody level
- thymocytoxic autoantibodies are detected with aging

increased immunoglobulin level
- hypergammaglobulinemia
- mice show 4- to 6-fold higher frequencies of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in spleens compared to normal controls

increased susceptibility to autoimmune disorder

increased thymus weight
- doubling of thymus weight

lacrimal gland inflammation
- adult lacrimal glands show infiltration by lymphocytes
- treatment with steroids alleviates lymphocyte infiltration

lymph node hyperplasia
- lymph nodes are up to 100 times normal size

salivary gland inflammation
- lymphocytic infiltration and lymphocytic foci are observed in mice 3.4-3.7 months of age
- treatment with danazol or Org 4094 sifnificantly lowers number of foci and percentage of lymphocyte infiltration, as well as other immune parameters compared to untreated controls

submandibular gland inflammation
- autoimmune sialodenitis with parenchymal destruction is observed in 4-6 month old mice in submandibular salivary glands of female mice
- most infiltrating cells are CD4⁺ and Vbeta8⁺ with a minority being CD4⁺ and Vbeta6⁺

thymus atrophy
- in 5-10% of animals, there is medullary or stromal hyperplasia that maintains or increases the size of the thymus
- initial lesion is loss of cortical thymocytes, with later degeneration (cystic) of thymocytes of medulla
- thymic atrophy is observed; severity is most severe in the cortex but usually involves the medulla in most animals

thymus cortex atrophy
- atrophic cortex

thyroid inflammation
- animals display thyroid gland infiltration (autoimmune thyroiditis)

vascular inflammation
- arteritis is observed in a number of organs, and is associated with hemorrhage and infarcts in the lymph nodes

renal/urinary system phenotype

abnormal glomerular capillary endothelium morphology
- proliferation of endothelial cells

abnormal glomerular capillary morphology
- granular deposits of immunoglobulins present in the capillary walls

abnormal renal glomerulus morphology
- between 2 and 5 months, granular IgG and C3 deposits increase in capillary wall and mesangium

glomerular crescent
- capsular cell proliferation is seen in severe glomerular lesions

glomerulonephritis
- capsular cell proliferation, tubular damage, and casts were seen in severe lesions
- glomerular lesions involve proliferation of both endothelial and mesangial cells and basement membrane thickening
- granular deposits of immunoglobulins present in the capillary walls
- immune complex glomerulonephritis
- mice show a largely subacute proliferative form of disease; lesions involve proliferation of endothelial and mesangial cells

increased kidney cell proliferation
- glomerular lesions involve proliferation of endothelial and mesangial cells

increased renal glomerulus basement membrane thickness
- glomerular basement membrane thickening

increased urine protein level
- incomplete penetrance, 50% of females tested have a 9-fold increase over controls

mesangial cell hyperplasia
- proliferation of mesangial cells

renal cast
- casts were seen in severe glomerular lesions

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

abnormal circulating protein level
- high levels of cyroglobulins are found in mice at 5 months
- mice have high concentrations of circulating immune complex at 2-3 and 4-5 months

abnormal interleukin level
- stimulation with concanavalin A does not induce cells to produce Il2

increased circulating serum albumin level

increased circulating total protein level
- 2-fold increase in beta- and 5-fold increase in gamma-globulins
- total serum protein levels are slightly increased

increased urine protein level
- incomplete penetrance, 50% of females tested have a 9-fold increase over controls

hematopoietic system phenotype

abnormal B cell morphology
- frequency of C3d receptor bearing cells declines with age

abnormal B cell receptor editing
- Anti-dsDNA B cells escape receptor editing

abnormal T cell morphology
- increase in T-cell frequencies and absolute numbers with advanced disease; however, the number of Ly123+ and Ly23+ T cells is markedly decreased in older mice compared to young mice
- lymph node cells (T cell origin) are abnormal; cells are Ly-2^-/L3T4^-/surface Ig^-
- mutant Lyt-2^- T cells express a cell surface marker that is also expressed on B cells
- the proliferating T cell population expresses cell surface markers that are normally expressed by B cells, in addition to normal T cell surface markers

abnormal T cell physiology
- cells do not generate CTL in response to stimulation with alloantigens

abnormal T cell proliferation
- cells do not proliferate in response to stimulation with alloantigens

abnormal T-helper 2 physiology
- activity of helper T cells is enhanced in older mice relative to younger animals or normal controls

abnormal cytotoxic T cell physiology
- 4-6 month old mice exhibit significantly depressed cytotoxic T cell response to alloantigens

abnormal marginal zone B cell morphology
- mice have a larger marginal zone B cell population (10.8% of splenic lymphocytes) compared to BALB/c controls (1.9%)

abnormal thymus medulla morphology
- increase in thymus weight restricted to the medulla

enlarged spleen
- spleen is 7-fold larger than controls

enlarged thymus
- slighlty enlarged

increased IgA level
- 2-fold increase

increased IgG level
- at 2-3 months, concentration are up to 5 times control and 8 times control at 5 months

increased IgG1 level
- 10-fold increase

increased IgG2a level
- 10-fold increase

increased IgG2b level
- 2-fold increase

increased IgM level
- 2-fold increase

increased immunoglobulin level
- hypergammaglobulinemia
- mice show 4- to 6-fold higher frequencies of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in spleens compared to normal controls

increased thymus weight
- doubling of thymus weight

thymus atrophy
- in 5-10% of animals, there is medullary or stromal hyperplasia that maintains or increases the size of the thymus
- initial lesion is loss of cortical thymocytes, with later degeneration (cystic) of thymocytes of medulla
- thymic atrophy is observed; severity is most severe in the cortex but usually involves the medulla in most animals

thymus cortex atrophy
- atrophic cortex

cardiovascular system phenotype

abnormal cardiovascular system physiology
- 15-30% of mice suffer old and/or acute myocardial infarction involving either ventricle and judged severe enough to contribute to death

abnormal coronary artery morphology

abnormal glomerular capillary endothelium morphology
- proliferation of endothelial cells

abnormal glomerular capillary morphology
- granular deposits of immunoglobulins present in the capillary walls

vascular inflammation
- arteritis is observed in a number of organs, and is associated with hemorrhage and infarcts in the lymph nodes

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype

abnormal gland morphology
- dexamethasone treatment increases weight of lacrimal tissue compared to untreated mice; treatment results in a reduction in tear volume

abnormal submandibular gland morphology
- this treatment significantly decreases lymphocytic infiltration into submandibular glands
- treatment with androgens increases gland weight in mutants

abnormal thymus medulla morphology
- increase in thymus weight restricted to the medulla

abnormal thyroid follicle morphology
- marked decrease in follicle size is noted proceeding from center of lobe toward periphery

abnormal thyroid gland morphology
- fibrosis is minimal, with only 1% of tissue displaying fibroblast growth; when detected, fibrosis is adjacent to atrophic follicles
- functional communication between cells in thyroid cell cultures is dramatically reduced
- inflamed tissue has massive infiltration organized into lymphoid follicle centers and extensive interstitially distributed lymphocytes

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
- lymphatic tissues that undergo age-related increase in weight due to lymphocytic accumulation are decreased in weight with cyclophosphamide treatment compared to placebo treated controls

enlarged thymus
- slighlty enlarged

increased thymus weight
- doubling of thymus weight

lacrimal gland inflammation
- adult lacrimal glands show infiltration by lymphocytes
- treatment with steroids alleviates lymphocyte infiltration

salivary gland inflammation
- lymphocytic infiltration and lymphocytic foci are observed in mice 3.4-3.7 months of age
- treatment with danazol or Org 4094 sifnificantly lowers number of foci and percentage of lymphocyte infiltration, as well as other immune parameters compared to untreated controls

submandibular gland inflammation
- autoimmune sialodenitis with parenchymal destruction is observed in 4-6 month old mice in submandibular salivary glands of female mice
- most infiltrating cells are CD4⁺ and Vbeta8⁺ with a minority being CD4⁺ and Vbeta6⁺

thymus atrophy
- in 5-10% of animals, there is medullary or stromal hyperplasia that maintains or increases the size of the thymus
- initial lesion is loss of cortical thymocytes, with later degeneration (cystic) of thymocytes of medulla
- thymic atrophy is observed; severity is most severe in the cortex but usually involves the medulla in most animals

thymus cortex atrophy
- atrophic cortex

thyroid inflammation
- animals display thyroid gland infiltration (autoimmune thyroiditis)

skeleton phenotype

joint swelling
- 20-25% of old, diseased mice show joint swelling of the hind feet and lower legs; involving destruction of articular cartilage, proliferation of synovium, pannus formations, and sometimes joint effusions

digestive/alimentary phenotype

abnormal submandibular gland morphology
- this treatment significantly decreases lymphocytic infiltration into submandibular glands
- treatment with androgens increases gland weight in mutants

salivary gland inflammation
- lymphocytic infiltration and lymphocytic foci are observed in mice 3.4-3.7 months of age
- treatment with danazol or Org 4094 sifnificantly lowers number of foci and percentage of lymphocyte infiltration, as well as other immune parameters compared to untreated controls

submandibular gland inflammation
- autoimmune sialodenitis with parenchymal destruction is observed in 4-6 month old mice in submandibular salivary glands of female mice
- most infiltrating cells are CD4⁺ and Vbeta8⁺ with a minority being CD4⁺ and Vbeta6⁺

The following phenotype information is associated with a similar, but not exact match to this JAX^® Mice strain

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
B6.MRL-Fas^lpr/J

immune system phenotype

CNS inflammation

abnormal NK cell physiology
- continuous treatment with recombinant murine IL12 results in sustained recruitment of NK cells to the liver

abnormal splenic cell ratio
- T1:follicular B cell ratio is higher than wild-type or Bcl2l11-deficient mice

brain inflammation
- by 7 days after TMEV infection, inflammation is present, decreasing slightly by 21 days, but widespread tissue damage is present, similar to controls (B6)
- tissue damage is less frequent at 45 days than in Prf-null mice

decreased B cell apoptosis
- after bile duct ligation (BDL), Peyer's patch B cells do not display evidence of apoptosis

enlarged lymph nodes
- mice develop less severe lymphadenopathy at later ages than the double mutant Igh-6/Fas mice

increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level
- anti-ssDNA IgM and IgG antibodies are increased compared to wild-type

increased anti-histone antibody level
- increased compared to wild-type

increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level
- anti-nuclear antibodies are increased compared to wild-type

increased anti-single stranded DNA antibody level
- anti-ssDNA IgM and IgG antibodies are increased compared to wild-type

increased autoantibody level
- total anti-IgM antibody levels are increased compared to wild-type

increased follicular B cell number
- higher in spleen relative to wild-type

increased immature B cell number
- plasmablast numbers in spleen are increased relative to wild-type

increased marginal zone B cell number
- higher in spleen relative to wild-type, Fas^lpr homozygotes, and Bcl2l11-deficient mice

increased splenocyte number
- total number of CD19+ splenocytes is higher than wild-type
- total number of splenocytes is increased relative to wild-type

increased susceptibility to bacterial infection
- mice infected with 500 CFU of S. aureus have drastically elevated number of S. aureus CFU compared to similarly-infected wild-type mice, but lower counts than infected Fasl^gld mice

increased susceptibility to viral infection
- inflammation and tissue damage in the brain are slightly greater than in control, resistant mice at 45 and 180 days

increased transitional stage B cell number
- higher numbers of T2 B cells in spleen relative to wild-type

lymph node hyperplasia
- total number of cells per lymph node is increased compared to wild-type

hematopoietic system phenotype

abnormal NK cell physiology
- continuous treatment with recombinant murine IL12 results in sustained recruitment of NK cells to the liver

abnormal splenic cell ratio
- T1:follicular B cell ratio is higher than wild-type or Bcl2l11-deficient mice

decreased B cell apoptosis
- after bile duct ligation (BDL), Peyer's patch B cells do not display evidence of apoptosis

increased follicular B cell number
- higher in spleen relative to wild-type

increased immature B cell number
- plasmablast numbers in spleen are increased relative to wild-type

increased marginal zone B cell number
- higher in spleen relative to wild-type, Fas^lpr homozygotes, and Bcl2l11-deficient mice

increased splenocyte number
- total number of CD19+ splenocytes is higher than wild-type
- total number of splenocytes is increased relative to wild-type

increased transitional stage B cell number
- higher numbers of T2 B cells in spleen relative to wild-type

renal/urinary system phenotype

abnormal kidney morphology
- number of macrophages surrounding glomeruli is increased compared to wild-type which have no macrophage index

abnormal renal glomerulus basement membrane morphology
- IgG deposits mainly localized to glomerular basement membrane are increased relative to wild-type

increased renal glomerulus apoptosis
- higher numbers of apoptotic cells are detected in glomeruli compared to wild-type

liver/biliary system phenotype

abnormal hepatocyte morphology
- confluent foci of feathery hepatocyte degeneration due to bile acid cytotoxicity are significantly reduced compared to controls hours after BDL

abnormal liver physiology
- after BDL, necroinflammatory foci and lymphocytic infiltration are obviously less than in controls
- treatment with Prf1-deficient HBsAg-specific Th1 cells and HBsAg induces liver injury as severe as that induced by wild-type HBsAg-specific Th1 cells
- when mice are recipients of wild-type hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific Th1 cells after treatment with HBsAg, severe liver injury is induced to similar extent as in wild-type mice

decreased hepatocyte apoptosis
- hepatocyte cell death is reduced compared to controls after BDL

focal hepatic necrosis
- necroinflammatory foci after BDL are reduced in number compared to controls

nervous system phenotype

CNS inflammation

brain inflammation
- by 7 days after TMEV infection, inflammation is present, decreasing slightly by 21 days, but widespread tissue damage is present, similar to controls (B6)
- tissue damage is less frequent at 45 days than in Prf-null mice

demyelination
- by 7 days after TMEV infection, inflammation is present in the meninges and gray matter of spinal cord, but decreases by 21 days, although not as much as in controls (B6)

cellular phenotype

decreased B cell apoptosis
- after bile duct ligation (BDL), Peyer's patch B cells do not display evidence of apoptosis

decreased hepatocyte apoptosis
- hepatocyte cell death is reduced compared to controls after BDL

increased renal glomerulus apoptosis
- higher numbers of apoptotic cells are detected in glomeruli compared to wild-type

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
C3.MRL-Fas^lpr

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

abnormal interleukin level
- stimulation with concanavalin A does not induce cells to produce Il2

immune system phenotype

abnormal T cell morphology
- lymph node cells (T cell origin) are abnormal; cells are Ly-2^-/L3T4^-/surface Ig^-

abnormal T cell physiology
- cells do not generate CTL in response to stimulation with alloantigens

abnormal T cell proliferation
- cells do not proliferate in response to stimulation with alloantigens

abnormal interleukin level
- stimulation with concanavalin A does not induce cells to produce Il2

lacrimal gland inflammation
- at 2 months, glandular inflammation is neglible; at 5 months, nearly all mice exhibit lacrimal gland inflammation covering a larger area than in mutants at 2 months or controls at 5 months
- inflammation correlates with age, immune complex level and spleen weight; antinuclear antibody level correlation is greater than probability cutoff; controls do not show correlations with these factors and gland inflammation
- inflammatory infiltrates consist of mononuclear cells and occurs in a periductal or perivascular pattern
- scattered lobular atrophy with loss of secretory elements is seen in glands with multifocal infiltrates

salivary gland inflammation

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
- in inflamed lacrimal glands, lobular boundaries are preserved with preservation of interlobular septae; lobular atrophy occurs with preservation of ductal epithelium; widely dilated ducts indicate that ductal obstruction is not observed
- no parotid gland inflammation is observed and only 1 animal showed sublingual gland inflammation at 5 months
- submandibular gland inflammation is observed in most mice at 5 months, but differences compared to wild-type are not significant

lacrimal gland atrophy
- scattered lobular atrophy with loss of secretory elements is seen in glands with multifocal infiltrates

lacrimal gland inflammation
- at 2 months, glandular inflammation is neglible; at 5 months, nearly all mice exhibit lacrimal gland inflammation covering a larger area than in mutants at 2 months or controls at 5 months
- inflammation correlates with age, immune complex level and spleen weight; antinuclear antibody level correlation is greater than probability cutoff; controls do not show correlations with these factors and gland inflammation
- inflammatory infiltrates consist of mononuclear cells and occurs in a periductal or perivascular pattern
- scattered lobular atrophy with loss of secretory elements is seen in glands with multifocal infiltrates

salivary gland inflammation

hematopoietic system phenotype

abnormal T cell morphology
- lymph node cells (T cell origin) are abnormal; cells are Ly-2^-/L3T4^-/surface Ig^-

abnormal T cell physiology
- cells do not generate CTL in response to stimulation with alloantigens

abnormal T cell proliferation
- cells do not proliferate in response to stimulation with alloantigens

vision/eye phenotype

lacrimal gland atrophy
- scattered lobular atrophy with loss of secretory elements is seen in glands with multifocal infiltrates

lacrimal gland inflammation
- at 2 months, glandular inflammation is neglible; at 5 months, nearly all mice exhibit lacrimal gland inflammation covering a larger area than in mutants at 2 months or controls at 5 months
- inflammation correlates with age, immune complex level and spleen weight; antinuclear antibody level correlation is greater than probability cutoff; controls do not show correlations with these factors and gland inflammation
- inflammatory infiltrates consist of mononuclear cells and occurs in a periductal or perivascular pattern
- scattered lobular atrophy with loss of secretory elements is seen in glands with multifocal infiltrates

digestive/alimentary phenotype

salivary gland inflammation

cellular phenotype

decreased apoptosis
- unlike wild-type vaginal cells, vaginal cells derived from mutant mice do not undergo apoptosis after treatment with agonistic anti-mouse Fas antibody or mouse recombinant TNF antibody

decreased neuron apoptosis
- neuron viability is comparable to wild-type when grown in absence of Abeta or if treated with KCN which induces necrotic cell death
- very low levels of apoptosis (15%) compared to wild-type (60%) are seen when cortical neurons are treated with Abeta25-35 or Abeta1-40 peptides

nervous system phenotype

decreased neuron apoptosis
- neuron viability is comparable to wild-type when grown in absence of Abeta or if treated with KCN which induces necrotic cell death
- very low levels of apoptosis (15%) compared to wild-type (60%) are seen when cortical neurons are treated with Abeta25-35 or Abeta1-40 peptides

reproductive system phenotype

abnormal vagina weight
- at 2 days after estrogen deprivation induced by gonadectomy, mutant females show no vaginal regression (measured by a decrease in vaginal organ weight), indicating no Fas-mediated vaginal cell death, in contrast to wild-type females that show >50% decrease in vaginal organ weighte in vaginal organ weight

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
AK.MRL-Fas^lpr

immune system phenotype

abnormal lymph node morphology
- larger lymph nodes often show extensive hemorrhage and necrosis

enlarged lymph nodes
- nodes are 6 times normal size

glomerulonephritis
- Background Sensitivity - immune complex glomerulonephritis develops by 1 year of age but is much milder than in MRL homozygotes

increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level
- antibodies are increased relative to controls

increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level
- mice have significantly increased levels of anti-ssDNA antibodies

increased autoantibody level
- increase in thymocytotoxic autoantibodies at 6 months is seen

increased immunoglobulin level
- IgG and IgM levels are modestly increased in serum at 6 months

renal/urinary system phenotype

abnormal renal glomerulus morphology
- nephritic changes consist of focal increase in mesangial substance and mild mesangial proliferation

expanded mesangial matrix
- focal increase in mesangial substance

glomerulonephritis
- Background Sensitivity - immune complex glomerulonephritis develops by 1 year of age but is much milder than in MRL homozygotes

mesangial cell hyperplasia
- mild mesangial proliferation

hematopoietic system phenotype

increased immunoglobulin level
- IgG and IgM levels are modestly increased in serum at 6 months

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
involves: C3H * MRL/Mp

immune system phenotype

autoimmune response
- characterized by elevated serum immune complexes, cryoglobulins, and antinuclear antibodies
- systemic autoimmune disease occurred at 2-3 months of age

increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level
- beginning at 4 month of age

increased spleen weight
- at 2 months of age and on

increased susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus
- beginning at 4 month of age

increased susceptibility to type III hypersensitivity reaction
- beginning at 4 month of age

hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype

abnormal stria vascularis morphology
- all sensorineural elements, inner and outer hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons appeared normal even in the 8-10 month-old mice with significant threshold shifts
- by 10 months of age, stria vascularis area was smaller
- degeneration of the stria vascularis was seen starting at 2 month and progressed throughout the lifespan
- early edema of the stria occurred in the apex and progressed basalward
- edematous areas in the stria vascularis primarily in the basal turns due to enlarged extracellular spaces filled with fluid
- no degeneration of hair cells was seen at any age

abnormal stria vascularis vasculature morphology
- the stria capillaries often were larger than normal, and the endothelial cells were occasionally swollen or thickened due to hypertrophy and not hyperplasia

increased or absent threshold for auditory brainstem response
- after onset of systemic autoimmune disease at 3-4 months of age, threshold at 6 months were significantly elevated at 24 and 32 kHz
- the 2- and 4-month-old mutant mice had normal auditory thresholds similar to control
- the ABR thresholds of the 10-month-old mutant mice were significantly higher than those of wild-type C3H/HeJ controls
- threshold at the low frequencies (4 and 8 kHz) did not change with progression of systemic disease
- threshold continued to rise and by 8 months 16 kHz was elevated as well

hematopoietic system phenotype

increased spleen weight
- at 2 months of age and on

cardiovascular system phenotype

abnormal stria vascularis vasculature morphology
- the stria capillaries often were larger than normal, and the endothelial cells were occasionally swollen or thickened due to hypertrophy and not hyperplasia

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
involves: C57BL/6 * MRL/Mp

immune system phenotype

enlarged spleen
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice

increased IgA level
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice

increased IgG1 level
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice

increased IgG2a level
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice

increased IgG2b level
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice

increased IgG3 level
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice

increased IgM level
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice

increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level
- at day 275

increased anti-single stranded DNA antibody level
- at day 275

lymph node hyperplasia
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice

hematopoietic system phenotype

enlarged spleen
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice

increased IgA level
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice

increased IgG1 level
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice

increased IgG2a level
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice

increased IgG2b level
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice

increased IgG3 level
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice

increased IgM level
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
C3.MRL-Fas^lpr/J

mortality/aging

mortality/aging
- when placed under hyperoxic conditions for >5 days, mice do not show increased survival (resistance to hyperoxia) compared to wild-type mice

premature death
- 50% mortality is observed at 11.5 months with 90% mortality at 14 months, significantly reduced from wild-type

hematopoietic system phenotype

abnormal B cell activation
- after 10 weeks of age, there is a 2-fold increase in frequency of immunoglobulin-containing and secreting cells in the spleen; this does not occur until abnormal T cells (Ly-5(B220⁺) cells) are found in the spleen

abnormal T cell morphology
- (sIg^-, Ly-5(B220⁺) are present at 4 weeks of age in spleen and by 16-20 weeks, represent 80% of cells

decreased eosinophil cell number
- airway eosinophils are decreased with anti-Il5 teatment compared to contol IgG-teated animals at 96 hours

increased immunoglobulin level
- IgG and IgM levels are increased in serum at 6 months

immune system phenotype

abnormal B cell activation
- after 10 weeks of age, there is a 2-fold increase in frequency of immunoglobulin-containing and secreting cells in the spleen; this does not occur until abnormal T cells (Ly-5(B220⁺) cells) are found in the spleen

abnormal T cell morphology
- (sIg^-, Ly-5(B220⁺) are present at 4 weeks of age in spleen and by 16-20 weeks, represent 80% of cells

abnormal lymph node morphology
- larger lymph nodes often show extensive hemorrhage and necrosis

decreased eosinophil cell number
- airway eosinophils are decreased with anti-Il5 teatment compared to contol IgG-teated animals at 96 hours

decreased interleukin-2 secretion
- after 6 weeks of age, spleen cells show significant decrease in ability to produce Il-2 induced by concanavalin A treatment

enlarged lymph nodes
- nodes are 29 times normal size

glomerulonephritis
- Background Sensitivity - immune complex glomerulonephritis develops by 1 year of age but is much milder than in MRL homozygotes

immune system phenotype
- mice show normal spleen and lymph node cell cytotoxic T cell response to alloantigen

increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level
- antibodies are increased relative to controls

increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level
- mice have significantly increased levels of anti-ssDNA antibodies

increased autoantibody level
- marked increase in thymocytotoxic autoantibodies at 6 months is seen

increased immunoglobulin level
- IgG and IgM levels are increased in serum at 6 months

lymph node hyperplasia
- after 10 weeks of age, there is a 3- to 4-fold increase in numbers of B lymphocytes, and after 6 weeks of age, there is a 4- to 5-fold increase in number of null cells (sIg^-, Thy-1^-)

renal/urinary system phenotype

abnormal renal glomerulus morphology
- nephritic changes consist of focal increase in mesangial substance and mild mesangial proliferation

expanded mesangial matrix
- focal increase in mesangial substance

glomerulonephritis
- Background Sensitivity - immune complex glomerulonephritis develops by 1 year of age but is much milder than in MRL homozygotes

mesangial cell hyperplasia
- mild mesangial proliferation

cellular phenotype

increased apoptosis
- a trend toward increased apoptosis in airways is observed in anti-Il5 treated mutants after IP-IN OVA challenge

respiratory system phenotype

abnormal airway responsiveness
- mice intraperitoneally-injected (IP) with ovalbumin (OVA) and subsequently challenged intranasally (IN) with OVA develop airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) at 48 hours and is significantly sustained at 96 hours but resolves at 6 days, whereas wild-type mice under same paradigm develop AHR at 48 hours but changes in airway resistance resolve by 96 hours under same paradigm develop AHR at 48 hours but changes in airway resistance resolve by 96 hours
- treatment with anti-Il5 at 48 hours post-IP-IN challenge significantly attenuates AHR

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
B6.MRL-Fas^lpr

mortality/aging

premature death
- 50% mortality is observed at 13.5 months with 90% mortality at 16 months, significantly reduced from wild-type
- 64% survival at 24 weeks
- median survival is 284 days, compared to 795 days for controls

immune system phenotype

abnormal lymph node morphology
- larger lymph nodes often show extensive hemorrhage and necrosis

decreased interleukin-2 secretion
- defect in Il2 activity begins during early life and worsens with age; spleen cells show no stimulated Il2 production upon stimulation with concanavalin A

enlarged lymph nodes
- by 4 months of age, lymph nodes are increased 10- to 20-fold
- generalized lymphadenopathy
- nodes are 13 times normal size

enlarged spleen

glomerulonephritis
- Background Sensitivity - immune complex glomerulonephritis develops by 1 year of age but is much milder than in MRL homozygotes
- interstitial lymphoid infiltration is observed at 6 months; glomerular IgG deposits that are exclusively mesangial are observed

increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level
- antibodies are increased relative to controls

increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level
- anti-nuclear antibodies are present at 6 months of age
- mice have elevated levels of anti-chromatin (anti-nucleosome) antibodies compared to double mutants
- mice have significantly increased levels of anti-ssDNA antibodies

increased autoantibody level
- increase in thymocytotoxic autoantibodies at 6 months is seen
- mice have elevated levels of anti-chromatin antibodies compared to double mutants

increased double-negative T cell number

increased immunoglobulin level
- IgG and IgM levels are increased in serum at 6 months

renal/urinary system phenotype

abnormal renal glomerulus morphology
- nephritic changes consist of focal increase in mesangial substance and mild mesangial proliferation

expanded mesangial matrix
- focal increase in mesangial substance

glomerulonephritis
- Background Sensitivity - immune complex glomerulonephritis develops by 1 year of age but is much milder than in MRL homozygotes
- interstitial lymphoid infiltration is observed at 6 months; glomerular IgG deposits that are exclusively mesangial are observed

mesangial cell hyperplasia
- mild mesangial proliferation

hematopoietic system phenotype

enlarged spleen

increased double-negative T cell number

increased immunoglobulin level
- IgG and IgM levels are increased in serum at 6 months

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * MRL

mortality/aging

premature death
- about 10% of mice are moribund by 16 weeks of age

immune system phenotype

enlarged lymph nodes
- develop massive lymphadenopathy due to alpha beta DN T cell accumulation

glomerulonephritis
- focal

increased double-negative T cell number
- develop massive lymphadenopathy due to alpha beta DN T cell accumulation

increased gamma-delta T cell number

kidney inflammation
- periglomerular infiltration

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

increased blood urea nitrogen level
- significantly elevated

increased urine protein level
- compared to age-matched B10.A mice

renal/urinary system phenotype

abnormal kidney morphology

abnormal renal glomerulus morphology
- glomerular hypercellularity

glomerulonephritis
- focal

increased urine protein level
- compared to age-matched B10.A mice

kidney inflammation
- periglomerular infiltration

hematopoietic system phenotype

increased double-negative T cell number
- develop massive lymphadenopathy due to alpha beta DN T cell accumulation

increased gamma-delta T cell number

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
MRL.Cg-Irf1^tm1Mak Fas^lpr

mortality/aging

premature death
- mice typically die by 26 weeks of age from renal failure; 50% of mice are dead by 22 weeks

renal/urinary system phenotype

glomerulonephritis
- at 26 weeks of age, mice show severe glomerulonephritis
- mice show extensive glomerular deposition/staining of IgG and C3

increased urine protein level
- by 24 weeks of age, 75% of mice have urine protein levels >200 mg/dl

kidney failure
- occurs around 26 weeks, leading to death

immune system phenotype

glomerulonephritis
- at 26 weeks of age, mice show severe glomerulonephritis
- mice show extensive glomerular deposition/staining of IgG and C3

increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level
- at 26 weeks of age, levels are significantly higher relative to Fas^lpr, Irf1-null mice

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

increased urine protein level
- by 24 weeks of age, 75% of mice have urine protein levels >200 mg/dl

integument phenotype

abnormal skin condition
- mice show characteristic signs of skin disease at 24 weeks of age

epidermal necrosis
- by 24 weeks, ear necrosis is observed in some mice

skin lesions

Phenotype Information

References

Andrews BS; Eisenberg RA; Theofilopoulos AN; Izui S; Wilson CB; McConahey PJ; Murphy ED; Roths JB; Dixon FJ. 1978. Spontaneous murine lupus-like syndromes. Clinical and immunopathological manifestations in several strains. J Exp Med 148(5):1198-215. PubMed: 309911 MGI: J:27634
Clark LD; Clark RK; Heber-Katz E. 1998. A new murine model for mammalian wound repair and regeneration. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 88(1):35-45. PubMed: 9683548 MGI: J:48937
Drappa J; Brot N; Elkon KB. 1993. The Fas protein is expressed at high levels on CD4+CD8+ thymocytes and activated mature lymphocytes in normal mice but not in the lupus-prone strain, MRL lpr/lpr. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90(21):10340-4. PubMed: 7694292 MGI: J:15429
Fields ML; Sokol CL; Eaton-Bassiri A; Seo Sj; Madaio MP; Erikson J. 2001. Fas/fas ligand deficiency results in altered localization of anti-double-stranded dna b cells and dendritic cells. J Immunol 167(4):2370-8. PubMed: 11490027 MGI: J:70822
Gu L; Weinreb A; Wang XP; Zack DJ; Qiao JH; Weisbart R; Lusis AJ. 1998. Genetic determinants of autoimmune disease and coronary vasculitis in the MRL-lpr/lpr mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 161(12):6999-7006. PubMed: 9862736 MGI: J:52131
Hewicker M; Kromschroder E; Trautwein G. 1990. Detection of circulating immune complexes in MRL mice with different forms of glomerulonephritis. Z Versuchstierkd 33(4):149-56. PubMed: 2238887 MGI: J:109933
Johnson BC; Morton JI; Trune DR. 1992. Lacrimal and salivary gland inflammation in the C3H/Ipr autoimmune strain mouse: a potential mode for Sjogren's syndrome. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 106(4):394-9. PubMed: 1565490 MGI: J:1028
Kawase E; Suemori H; Takahashi N; Okazaki K; Hashimoto K; Nakatsuji N. 1994. Strain difference in establishment of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell lines. Int J Dev Biol 38(2):385-90. PubMed: 7981049 MGI: J:19823
Kench JA; Russell DM; Fadok VA; Young SK; Worthen GS; Jones-Carson J; Henson JE; Henson PM; Nemazee D. 1999. Aberrant wound healing and TGF-beta production in the autoimmune-prone MRL/+ mouse. Clin Immunol 92(3):300-10. PubMed: 10479535 MGI: J:57718
Leferovich JM; Bedelbaeva K; Samulewicz S; Zhang XM; Zwas D; Lankford EB; Heber-Katz E. 2001. Heart regeneration in adult MRL mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(17):9830-5. PubMed: 11493713 MGI: J:109867
Li X; Mohan S; Gu W; Baylink DJ. 2001. Analysis of gene expression in the wound repair/regeneration process. Mamm Genome 12(1):52-9. PubMed: 11178744 MGI: J:68684
Li X; Mohan S; Gu W; Miyakoshi N; Baylink DJ. 2000. Differential protein profile in the ear-punched tissue of regeneration and non-regeneration strains of mice: a novel approach to explore the candidate genes for soft-tissue regeneration Biochim Biophys Acta 1524(2-3):102-9. PubMed: 11113556 MGI: J:66437
McBrearty BA; Clark LD; Zhang XM; Blankenhorn EP; Heber-Katz E. 1998. Genetic analysis of a mammalian wound-healing trait. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95(20):11792-7. PubMed: 9751744 MGI: J:50111
Medana I; Li Z; Flugel A; Tschopp J; Wekerle H; Neumann H. 2001. Fas ligand (CD95L) protects neurons against perforin-mediated T lymphocyte cytotoxicity. J Immunol 167(2):674-81. PubMed: 11441070 MGI: J:109872
Morse HC 3rd; Davidson WF; Yetter RA; Murphy ED; Roths JB; Coffman RL. 1982. Abnormalities induced by the mutant gene Ipr: expansion of a unique lymphocyte subset. J Immunol 129(6):2612-5. PubMed: 6815273 MGI: J:6902
Morse HC 3rd; Roths JB; Davidson WF; Langdon WY; Fredrickson TN; Hartley JW. 1985. Abnormalities induced by the mutant gene, lpr. Patterns of disease and expression of murine leukemia viruses in SJL/J mice homozygous and heterozygous for lpr. J Exp Med 161(3):602-16. PubMed: 2982991 MGI: J:7745
Sato EH; Sullivan DA. 1994. Comparative influence of steroid hormones and immunosuppressive agents on autoimmune expression in lacrimal glands of a female mouse model of Sjogren's syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35(5):2632-42. PubMed: 8163351 MGI: J:18512
Watanabe-Fukunaga R; Brannan CI; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA; Nagata S. 1992. Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in Fas antigen that mediates apoptosis. Nature 356(6367):314-7. PubMed: 1372394 MGI: J:1181
Yogi Y; Nakamura K; Suzuki A. 1989. The experimental inoculation with Mycobacterium leprae in autoimmune mice: results of MRL/lpr mice inoculated into the right hind foot (continued). Nippon Rai Gakkai Zasshi 58(4):235-40. PubMed: 2489281 MGI: J:27853

Additional References

Benihoud K; Bonardelle D; Soual-Hoebeke E; Durand-Gasselin I; Emilie D; Kiger N; Bobe P. 2002. Unusual expression of LINE-1 transposable element in the MRL autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome-prone strain. Oncogene 21(36):5593-600. PubMed: 12165858 MGI: J:78714
Blankenhorn EP; Troutman S; Clark LD; Zhang XM; Chen P; Heber-Katz E. 2003. Sexually dimorphic genes regulate healing and regeneration in MRL mice. Mamm Genome 14(4):250-60. PubMed: 12682777 MGI: J:82708
Jabs DA; Prendergast RA; Rorer EM; Hudson AP; Whittum-Hudson JA. 2001. Cytokines in autoimmune lacrimal gland disease in MRL/MpJ mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 42(11):2567-71. PubMed: 11581200 MGI: J:72054
Katzav A; Kloog Y; Korczyn AD; Niv H; Karussis DM; Wang N; Rabinowitz R; Blank M; Shoenfeld Y; Chapman J. 2001. Treatment of MRL/lpr mice, a genetic autoimmune model, with the Ras inhibitor, farnesylthiosalicylate (FTS). Clin Exp Immunol 126(3):570-7. PubMed: 11737078 MGI: J:73395
Kelley VE; Roths JB. 1985. Interaction of mutant lpr gene with background strain influences renal disease. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 37(2):220-9. PubMed: 4042431 MGI: J:109439
Lenda DM; Stanley ER; Kelley VR. 2004. Negative role of colony-stimulating factor-1 in macrophage, T cell, and B cell mediated autoimmune disease in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. J Immunol 173(7):4744-54. PubMed: 15383612 MGI: J:93714
Liang B; Kashgarian MJ; Sharpe AH; Mamula MJ. 2000. Autoantibody responses and pathology regulated by B7-1 and B7-2 costimulation in MRL/lpr lupus J Immunol 165(6):3436-43. PubMed: 10975864 MGI: J:64568
Lin L; Hron JD; Peng SL. 2004. Regulation of NF-kappaB, Th activation, and autoinflammation by the forkhead transcription factor Foxo3a. Immunity 21(2):203-13. PubMed: 15308101 MGI: J:93593
Luzina IG; Atamas SP; Storrer CE; daSilva LC; Kelsoe G; Papadimitriou JC; Handwerger BS. 2001. Spontaneous formation of germinal centers in autoimmune mice. J Leukoc Biol 70(4):578-84. PubMed: 11590194 MGI: J:72513
Ma Y; Liu H; Tu-Rapp H; Thiesen HJ; Ibrahim SM; Cole SM; Pope RM. 2004. Fas ligation on macrophages enhances IL-1R1-Toll-like receptor 4 signaling and promotes chronic inflammation. Nat Immunol 5(4):380-7. PubMed: 15004557 MGI: J:89208
Martins GA; Petkova SB; MacHado FS; Kitsis RN; Weiss LM; Wittner M; Tanowitz HB; Silva JS. 2001. Fas-FasL interaction modulates nitric oxide production in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice. Immunology 103(1):122-9. PubMed: 11380700 MGI: J:69492
Molano ID; Redmond S; Sekine H; Zhang XK; Reilly C; Hutchison F; Ruiz P; Gilkeson GS. 2003. Effect of genetic deficiency of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase on autoantibody production and renal disease in MRL/lpr mice. Clin Immunol 107(3):186-97. PubMed: 12804532 MGI: J:83942
Paul E; Pozdnyakova OO; Mitchell E; Carroll MC. 2002. Anti-DNA autoreactivity in C4-deficient mice. Eur J Immunol 32(9):2672-9. PubMed: 12207352 MGI: J:78993
Reuter JD; Zeiss CJ. 2000. Confounding influences on phenotype expression in MRL/lpr mice Comp Med 50(3):329-32. PubMed: 10894502 MGI: J:62934
Tsukahara T; Makino Y; Fujii T; Ogawa M; Saisho H; Hamano Y; Ueda S; Akikusa B; Danoff TM. 2002. Role of RANTES in the development of autoimmune tissue injuries in MRL-Fas lpr mice. Clin Immunol 103(1):89-97. PubMed: 11987989 MGI: J:76389
Verhagen C; Rowshani T; Willekens B; van Haeringen NJ. 1995. Spontaneous development of corneal crystalline deposits in MRL/Mp mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 36(2):454-61. PubMed: 7843914 MGI: J:24024
Yamada A; Miyazaki T; Lu LM; Ono M; Ito MR; Terada M; Mori S; Hata K; Nozaki Y; Nakatsuru S; Nakamura Y; Onji M; Nose M. 2003. Genetic basis of tissue specificity of vasculitis in MRL/lpr mice. Arthritis Rheum 48(5):1445-51. PubMed: 12746919 MGI: J:83832
Yang JQ; Chun T; Liu H; Hong S; Bui H; Van Kaer L; Wang CR; Singh RR. 2004. CD1d deficiency exacerbates inflammatory dermatitis in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Eur J Immunol 34(6):1723-32. PubMed: 15162443 MGI: J:90394
Zhang Y; Schlossman SF; Edwards RA; Ou CN; Gu J; Wu MX. 2002. Impaired apoptosis, extended duration of immune responses, and a lupus-like autoimmune disease in IEX-1-transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(2):878-83. PubMed: 11782530 MGI: J:73983

Additional - Fas^lpr related

Adachi K; Tsutsui H; Kashiwamura S; Seki E; Nakano H; Takeuchi O; Takeda K; Okumura K; Van Kaer L; Okamura H; Akira S; Nakanishi K. 2001. Plasmodium berghei infection in mice induces liver injury by an IL-12- and toll-like receptor/myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent mechanism. J Immunol 167(10):5928-34. PubMed: 11698470 MGI: J:118004
Adachi M; Watanabe-Fukunaga R; Nagata S. 1993. Aberrant transcription caused by the insertion of an early transposable element in an intron of the Fas antigen gene of lpr mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90(5):1756-60. PubMed: 7680478 MGI: J:4342
Affourtit C; Jastroch M; Brand MD. 2011. Uncoupling protein-2 attenuates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1E insulinoma cells by lowering mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med 50(5):609-16. PubMed: 21172424 MGI: J:168471
Ahuja A; Teichmann LL; Wang H; Dunn R; Kehry MR; Shlomchik MJ. 2011. An acquired defect in IgG-dependent phagocytosis explains the impairment in antibody-mediated cellular depletion in Lupus. J Immunol 187(7):3888-94. PubMed: 21873531 MGI: J:179332
Aicher WK; Fujihashi K; Yamamoto M; Kiyono H; Pitts AM; McGhee JR. 1992. Effects of the lpr/lpr mutation on T and B cell populations in the lamina propria of the small intestine, a mucosal effector site. Int Immunol 4(9):959-68. PubMed: 1390438 MGI: J:3154
Ait-Azzouzene D; Kono DH; Gonzalez-Quintial R; McHeyzer-Williams LJ; Lim M; Wickramarachchi D; Gerdes T; Gavin AL; Skog P; McHeyzer-Williams MG; Nemazee D; Theofilopoulos AN. 2010. Deletion of IgG-switched autoreactive B cells and defects in Fas(lpr) lupus mice. J Immunol 185(2):1015-27. PubMed: 20554953 MGI: J:161936
Akashi T; Nagafuchi S; Anzai K; Kitamura D; Wang J; Taniuchi I; Niho Y; Watanabe T. 1998. Proliferation of CD3+ B220- single-positive normal T cells was suppressed in B-cell-deficient lpr mice. Immunology 93(2):238-48. PubMed: 9616374 MGI: J:45808
Akiyama K; Chen C; Wang D; Xu X; Qu C; Yamaza T; Cai T; Chen W; Sun L; Shi S. 2012. Mesenchymal-stem-cell-induced immunoregulation involves FAS-ligand-/FAS-mediated T cell apoptosis. Cell Stem Cell 10(5):544-55. PubMed: 22542159 MGI: J:185809
Al Gadban MM; German J; Truman JP; Soodavar F; Riemer EC; Twal WO; Smith KJ; Heller D; Hofbauer AF; Oates JC; Hammad SM. 2012. Lack of nitric oxide synthases increases lipoprotein immune complex deposition in the aorta and elevates plasma sphingolipid levels in lupus. Cell Immunol 276(1-2):42-51. PubMed: 22560558 MGI: J:188295
Al-Shami A; Crisostomo J; Wilkins C; Xu N; Humphries J; Chang WC; Anderson SJ; Oravecz T. 2013. Integrin-alpha FG-GAP repeat-containing protein 2 is critical for normal B cell differentiation and controls disease development in a lupus model. J Immunol 191(7):3789-98. PubMed: 23997217 MGI: J:205951
Alarcon-Riquelme ME; Fernandez C. 1995. CDR3 regions in the preimmune VH B cell repertoire of lpr mice. Clin Exp Immunol 101(1):73-7. PubMed: 7621595 MGI: J:26829
Alarcon-Riquelme ME; Fernandez C. 1995. Expression of the B cell repertoire in lpr mice; abnormal expansion of a few VHJ558 germ-line genes. Clin Exp Immunol 99(2):262-8. PubMed: 7851020 MGI: J:22861
Alenzi FQ; Marley SB; Lewis JL; Chandrashekran A; Warrens AN; Goldman JM; Gordon MY. 2002. A role for the Fas/Fas ligand apoptotic pathway in regulating myeloid progenitor cell kinetics. Exp Hematol 30(12):1428-35. PubMed: 12482505 MGI: J:118008
Alexander JJ; Jacob A; Bao L; Macdonald RL; Quigg RJ. 2005. Complement-dependent apoptosis and inflammatory gene changes in murine lupus cerebritis. J Immunol 175(12):8312-9. PubMed: 16339572 MGI: J:122254
Alexander JJ; Jacob A; Vezina P; Sekine H; Gilkeson GS; Quigg RJ. 2007. Absence of functional alternative complement pathway alleviates lupus cerebritis. Eur J Immunol 37(6):1691-701. PubMed: 17523212 MGI: J:123511
Alexander JJ; Zwingmann C; Jacob A; Quigg R. 2007. Alteration in kidney glucose and amino acids are implicated in renal pathology in MRL/lpr mice. Biochim Biophys Acta 1772(10):1143-9. PubMed: 17942282 MGI: J:130687
Alexander JJ; Zwingmann C; Quigg R. 2005. MRL/lpr mice have alterations in brain metabolism as shown with [1H-13C] NMR spectroscopy. Neurochem Int 47(1-2):143-51. PubMed: 15893408 MGI: J:129820
Ali M; Weinreich M; Balcaitis S; Cooper CJ; Fink PJ. 2003. Differential regulation of peripheral CD4+ T cell tolerance induced by deletion and TCR revision. J Immunol 171(11):6290-6. PubMed: 14634147 MGI: J:132828
Allam R; Pawar RD; Kulkarni OP; Hornung V; Hartmann G; Segerer S; Akira S; Endres S; Anders HJ. 2008. Viral 5'-triphosphate RNA and non-CpG DNA aggravate autoimmunity and lupus nephritis via distinct TLR-independent immune responses. Eur J Immunol 38(12):3487-3498. PubMed: 19009528 MGI: J:141388
Allison J; Thomas HE; Catterall T; Kay TW; Strasser A. 2005. Transgenic expression of dominant-negative Fas-associated death domain protein in beta cells protects against Fas ligand-induced apoptosis and reduces spontaneous diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. J Immunol 175(1):293-301. PubMed: 15972661 MGI: J:100606
Alsharifi M; Lobigs M; Simon MM; Kersten A; Muller K; Koskinen A; Lee E; Mullbacher A. 2006. NK cell-mediated immunopathology during an acute viral infection of the CNS. Eur J Immunol 36(4):887-96. PubMed: 16541469 MGI: J:114787
Altman A. 1994. Abnormal antigen receptor-initiated signal transduction in lpr T lymphocytes. Semin Immunol 6(1):9-17. PubMed: 7513195 MGI: J:19053
Aluri HS; Kublin CL; Thotakura S; Armaos H; Samizadeh M; Hawley D; Thomas WM; Leavis P; Makarenkova HP; Zoukhri D. 2015. Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in Lacrimal Gland Disease in Animal Models of Sjogren's Syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 56(9):5218-28. PubMed: 26244298 MGI: J:230943
Amital H; Heilweil M; Ulmansky R; Szafer F; Bar-Tana R; Morel L; Foster MH; Mostoslavsky G; Eilat D; Pizov G; Naparstek Y. 2005. Treatment with a laminin-derived peptide suppresses lupus nephritis. J Immunol 175(8):5516-23. PubMed: 16210660 MGI: J:119103
Anderson CC; Mukherjee R; Sinclair NR; Jevnikar AM. 1997. Hypogammaglobulinaemia occurs in Fas-deficient MRL-lpr mice following deletion of MHC class II molecules. Clin Exp Immunol 109(3):473-9. PubMed: 9328125 MGI: J:42959
Andrews SF; Zhang Q; Lim S; Li L; Lee JH; Zheng NY; Huang M; Taylor WM; Farris AD; Ni D; Meng W; Luning Prak ET; Wilson PC. 2013. Global analysis of B cell selection using an immunoglobulin light chain-mediated model of autoreactivity. J Exp Med 210(1):125-42. PubMed: 23267014 MGI: J:194594
Andryushkova AA; Kuznetsova IA; Orlovskaya IA; Buneva VN; Nevinsky GA. 2009. Nucleotide-hydrolyzing antibodies from the sera of autoimmune-prone MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Int Immunol 21(8):935-45. PubMed: 19556305 MGI: J:151679
Antoni A; Patel VA; Fan H; Lee DJ; Graham LH; Rosch CL; Spiegel DS; Rauch J; Levine JS. 2011. Macrophages from lupus-prone MRL mice have a conditional signaling abnormality that leads to dysregulated expression of numerous genes. Immunogenetics 63(5):291-308. PubMed: 21229240 MGI: J:192148
Aprahamian T; Bonegio RG; Richez C; Yasuda K; Chiang LK; Sato K; Walsh K; Rifkin IR. 2009. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist rosiglitazone ameliorates murine lupus by induction of adiponectin. J Immunol 182(1):340-6. PubMed: 19109165 MGI: J:142895
Apte RS; Richter J; Herndon J; Ferguson TA. 2006. Macrophages inhibit neovascularization in a murine model of age-related macular degeneration. PLoS Med 3(8):e310. PubMed: 16903779 MGI: J:134144
Arens R; Baars PA; Jak M; Tesselaar K; van der Valk M; van Oers MH; van Lier RA. 2005. Cutting edge: CD95 maintains effector T cell homeostasis in chronic immune activation. J Immunol 174(10):5915-20. PubMed: 15879081 MGI: J:98994
Arnold CN; Pirie E; Dosenovic P; McInerney GM; Xia Y; Wang N; Li X; Siggs OM; Karlsson Hedestam GB; Beutler B. 2012. A forward genetic screen reveals roles for Nfkbid, Zeb1, and Ruvbl2 in humoral immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A :. PubMed: 22761313 MGI: J:185495
Ashany D; Savir A; Bhardwaj N; Elkon KB. 1999. Dendritic cells are resistant to apoptosis through the Fas (CD95/APO-1) pathway. J Immunol 163(10):5303-11. PubMed: 10553053 MGI: J:118433
Baccala R; Gonzalez-Quintial R; Blasius AL; Rimann I; Ozato K; Kono DH; Beutler B; Theofilopoulos AN. 2013. Essential requirement for IRF8 and SLC15A4 implicates plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of lupus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(8):2940-5. PubMed: 23382217 MGI: J:194543
Baccala R; Gonzalez-Quintial R; Schreiber RD; Lawson BR; Kono DH; Theofilopoulos AN. 2012. Anti-IFN-alpha/beta Receptor Antibody Treatment Ameliorates Disease in Lupus-Predisposed Mice. J Immunol 189(12):5976-84. PubMed: 23175700 MGI: J:190844
Balasa B; Van Gunst K; Jung N; Balakrishna D; Santamaria P; Hanafusa T; Itoh N; Sarvetnick N. 2000. Islet-specific expression of IL-10 promotes diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice independent of Fas, perforin, TNF receptor-1, and TNF receptor-2 molecules. J Immunol 165(5):2841-9. PubMed: 10946317 MGI: J:64051
Balkow S; Kersten A; Tran TT; Stehle T; Grosse P; Museteanu C; Utermohlen O; Pircher H; von Weizsacker F; Wallich R; Mullbacher A; Simon MM. 2001. Concerted action of the FasL/Fas and perforin/granzyme A and B pathways is mandatory for the development of early viral hepatitis but not for recovery from viral infection. J Virol 75(18):8781-91. PubMed: 11507223 MGI: J:71217
Bao L; Haas M; Boackle SA; Kraus DM; Cunningham PN; Park P; Alexander JJ; Anderson RK; Culhane K; Holers VM; Quigg RJ. 2002. Transgenic expression of a soluble complement inhibitor protects against renal disease and promotes survival in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 168(7):3601-7. PubMed: 11907125 MGI: J:75572
Bao L; Haas M; Quigg RJ. 2011. Complement factor H deficiency accelerates development of lupus nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 22(2):285-95. PubMed: 21148254 MGI: J:185884
Bao L; Osawe I; Haas M; Quigg RJ. 2005. Signaling through up-regulated C3a receptor is key to the development of experimental lupus nephritis. J Immunol 175(3):1947-55. PubMed: 16034139 MGI: J:107265
Barazzone C; Horowitz S; Donati YR; Rodriguez I; Piguet PF. 1998. Oxygen toxicity in mouse lung: pathways to cell death. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 19(4):573-81. PubMed: 9761753 MGI: J:51593
Barker TT; Lee PY; Kelly-Scumpia KM; Weinstein JS; Nacionales DC; Kumagai Y; Akira S; Croker BP; Sobel ES; Reeves WH; Satoh M. 2011. Pathogenic role of B cells in the development of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage induced by pristane. Lab Invest 91(10):1540-50. PubMed: 21808234 MGI: J:176270
Barreiro R; Luker G; Herndon J; Ferguson TA. 2004. Termination of antigen-specific immunity by CD95 ligand (Fas ligand) and IL-10. J Immunol 173(3):1519-25. PubMed: 15265879 MGI: J:92022
Barrington RA; Zhang M; Zhong X; Jonsson H; Holodick N; Cherukuri A; Pierce SK; Rothstein TL; Carroll MC. 2005. CD21/CD19 coreceptor signaling promotes B cell survival during primary immune responses. J Immunol 175(5):2859-67. PubMed: 16116172 MGI: J:113242
Bashratyan R; Sheng H; Regn D; Rahman MJ; Dai YD. 2013. Insulinoma-released exosomes activate autoreactive marginal zone-like B cells that expand endogenously in prediabetic NOD mice. Eur J Immunol 43(10):2588-97. PubMed: 23817982 MGI: J:201680
Bernstein KA; Bolshoun D; Lefkowith JB. 1993. Serum glomerular binding activity is highly correlated with renal disease in MRL/lpr mice. Clin Exp Immunol 93(3):418-23. PubMed: 8370169 MGI: J:15039
Bhandoola A; Yui K; Siegel RM; Zerva L; Greene MI. 1994. Gld and lpr mice: single gene mutant models for failed self tolerance. Int Rev Immunol 11(3):231-44. PubMed: 7930847 MGI: J:21989
Blair PA; Chavez-Rueda KA; Evans JG; Shlomchik MJ; Eddaoudi A; Isenberg DA; Ehrenstein MR; Mauri C. 2009. Selective targeting of B cells with agonistic anti-CD40 is an efficacious strategy for the generation of induced regulatory T2-like B cells and for the suppression of lupus in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 182(6):3492-502. PubMed: 19265127 MGI: J:145926
Bloch DB; Rabkina D; Bloch KD. 1995. The cell proliferation-associated protein Ki-67 is a target of autoantibodies in the serum of MRL mice. Lab Invest 73(3):366-71. PubMed: 7564269 MGI: J:28749
Bloom DD; Davignon JL; Cohen PL; Eisenberg RA; Clarke SH. 1993. Overlap of the anti-Sm and anti-DNA responses of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 150(4):1579-90. PubMed: 8432994 MGI: J:3924
Boggio E; Clemente N; Mondino A; Cappellano G; Orilieri E; Gigliotti CL; Toth E; Ramenghi U; Dianzani U; Chiocchetti A. 2014. IL-17 protects T cells from apoptosis and contributes to development of ALPS-like phenotypes. Blood 123(8):1178-86. PubMed: 24363402 MGI: J:208695
Bokers S; Urbat A; Daniel C; Amann K; Smith KG; Espeli M; Nitschke L. 2014. Siglec-G deficiency leads to more severe collagen-induced arthritis and earlier onset of lupus-like symptoms in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 192(7):2994-3002. PubMed: 24600033 MGI: J:210020
Bolland S; Yim YS; Tus K; Wakeland EK; Ravetch JV. 2002. Genetic modifiers of systemic lupus erythematosus in FcgammaRIIB(-/-) mice. J Exp Med 195(9):1167-74. PubMed: 11994421 MGI: J:76486
Bonardelle D; Benihoud K; Kiger N; Bobe P. 2005. B lymphocytes mediate Fas-dependent cytotoxicity in MRL/lpr mice. J Leukoc Biol 78(5):1052-1059. PubMed: 16204618 MGI: J:102764
Booker JK; Reap EA; Cohen PL. 1998. Expression and function of Fas on cells damaged by gamma-irradiation in B6 and B6/lpr mice. J Immunol 161(9):4536-41. PubMed: 9794379 MGI: J:112150
Boone DL; Dassopoulos T; Chai S; Chien M; Lodolce J; Ma A. 2003. Fas is not essential for lamina propria T lymphocyte homeostasis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 285(2):G382-8. PubMed: 12702495 MGI: J:84826
Bossaller L; Chiang PI; Schmidt-Lauber C; Ganesan S; Kaiser WJ; Rathinam VA; Mocarski ES; Subramanian D; Green DR; Silverman N; Fitzgerald KA; Marshak-Rothstein A; Latz E. 2012. Cutting Edge: FAS (CD95) Mediates Noncanonical IL-1beta and IL-18 Maturation via Caspase-8 in an RIP3-Independent Manner. J Immunol 189(12):5508-12. PubMed: 23144495 MGI: J:190865
Bossu P; Singer GG; Andres P; Ettinger R; Marshak-Rothstein A; Abbas AK. 1993. Mature CD4+ T lymphocytes from MRL/lpr mice are resistant to receptor-mediated tolerance and apoptosis. J Immunol 151(12):7233-9. PubMed: 7903104 MGI: J:16035
Bour-Jordan H; Thompson HL; Bluestone JA. 2005. Distinct effector mechanisms in the development of autoimmune neuropathy versus diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. J Immunol 175(9):5649-55. PubMed: 16237054 MGI: J:119359
Bowen DG; Warren A; Davis T; Hoffmann MW; McCaughan GW; De St Groth BF; Bertolino P. 2002. Cytokine-dependent bystander hepatitis due to intrahepatic murine CD8 T-cell activation by bone marrow-derived cells. Gastroenterology 123(4):1252-64. PubMed: 12360486 MGI: J:79335
Bradshaw S; Zheng WJ; Tsoi LC; Gilkeson G; Zhang XK. 2008. A role for Fli-1 in B cell proliferation: implications for SLE pathogenesis. Clin Immunol 129(1):19-30. PubMed: 18692443 MGI: J:140403
Brard F; Shannon M; Prak EL; Litwin S; Weigert M. 1999. Somatic mutation and light chain rearrangement generate autoimmunity in anti-single-stranded DNA transgenic MRL/lpr mice. J Exp Med 190(5):691-704. PubMed: 10477553 MGI: J:57612
Braun D; Geraldes P; Demengeot J. 2003. Type I Interferon controls the onset and severity of autoimmune manifestations in lpr mice. J Autoimmun 20(1):15-25. PubMed: 12604309 MGI: J:82338
Breneman SM; Moynihan JA; Grota LJ; Felten DL; Felten SY. 1993. Splenic norepinephrine is decreased in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Brain Behav Immun 7(2):135-43. PubMed: 8347895 MGI: J:12758
Brien JD; Uhrlaub JL; Nikolich-Zugich J. 2008. West nile virus-specific CD4 T cells exhibit direct antiviral cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity and are sufficient for antiviral protection. J Immunol 181(12):8568-75. PubMed: 19050276 MGI: J:142059
Brown NJ; Hutcheson J; Bickel E; Scatizzi JC; Albee LD; Haines GK 3rd; Eslick J; Bradley K; Taricone E; Perlman H. 2004. Fas death receptor signaling represses monocyte numbers and macrophage activation in vivo. J Immunol 173(12):7584-93. PubMed: 15585886 MGI: J:94851
Brownlie RJ; Lawlor KE; Niederer HA; Cutler AJ; Xiang Z; Clatworthy MR; Floto RA; Greaves DR; Lyons PA; Smith KG. 2008. Distinct cell-specific control of autoimmunity and infection by FcgammaRIIb. J Exp Med 205(4):883-95. PubMed: 18362174 MGI: J:133975
Brummel R; Roberts TL; Stacey KJ; Lenert P. 2006. Higher-order CpG-DNA stimulation reveals distinct activation requirements for marginal zone and follicular B cells in lupus mice. Eur J Immunol 36(7):1951-62. PubMed: 16791898 MGI: J:115797
Budd RC; Van Houten N; Clements J; Mixter PF. 1994. Parallels in T lymphocyte development between lpr and normal mice. Semin Immunol 6(1):43-8. PubMed: 8167306 MGI: J:19056
Bullard DC; King PD; Hicks MJ; Dupont B; Beaudet AL; Elkon KB. 1997. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 deficiency protects MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) mice from early lethality. J Immunol 159(4):2058-67. PubMed: 9257874 MGI: J:42669
Buonocore S; Haddou NO; Moore F; Florquin S; Paulart F; Heirman C; Thielemans K; Goldman M; Flamand V. 2008. Neutrophil-dependent tumor rejection and priming of tumoricidal CD8+ T cell response induced by dendritic cells overexpressing CD95L. J Leukoc Biol 84(3):713-20. PubMed: 18567840 MGI: J:138270
Busser BW; Cancro MP; Laufer TM. 2004. An increased frequency of autoantibody-inducing CD4+ T cells in pre-diseased lupus-prone mice. Int Immunol 16(7):1001-7. PubMed: 15159378 MGI: J:90761
Campbell AM; Kashgarian M; Shlomchik MJ. 2012. NADPH oxidase inhibits the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci Transl Med 4(157):157ra141. PubMed: 23100627 MGI: J:189212
Capitini CM; Nasholm NM; Duncan BB; Guimond M; Fry TJ. 2013. Graft-versus-host disease impairs vaccine responses through decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation and increased perforin-mediated CD8+ T cell apoptosis. J Immunol 190(3):1351-9. PubMed: 23275602 MGI: J:193034
Carvalho-Pinto CE; Garcia MI; Mellado M; Rodriguez-Frade JM; Martin-Caballero J; Flores J; Martinez-A C; Balomenos D. 2002. Autocrine production of IFN-gamma by macrophages controls their recruitment to kidney and the development of glomerulonephritis in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 169(2):1058-67. PubMed: 12097414 MGI: J:123834
Catterall T; Stockwell D; Marshall V; Strasser A; Allison J. 2003. Autoimmune kidney disease and lymphadenopathy in NODlpr mice are not modified by deficiency in tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 or beta(2)-microglobulin. Int Immunol 15(6):679-90. PubMed: 12750352 MGI: J:83719
Caucheteux SM; Gendron MC; Kanellopoulos-Langevin C. 2005. Pregnancy-induced alterations of B cell maturation and survival are differentially affected by Fas and Bcl-2, independently of BcR expression. Int Immunol 17(1):55-63. PubMed: 15569774 MGI: J:94796
Cazanave SC; Mott JL; Bronk SF; Werneburg NW; Fingas CD; Meng XW; Finnberg N; El-Deiry WS; Kaufmann SH; Gores GJ. 2011. Death receptor 5 signaling promotes hepatocyte lipoapoptosis. J Biol Chem 286(45):39336-48. PubMed: 21941003 MGI: J:178156
Celaj S; Gleeson MW; Deng J; O'Toole GA; Hampton TH; Toft MF; Morrison HG; Sogin ML; Putra J; Suriawinata AA; Gorham JD. 2014. The microbiota regulates susceptibility to Fas-mediated acute hepatic injury. Lab Invest 94(9):938-49. PubMed: 25068658 MGI: J:215914
Chakour R; Allenbach C; Desgranges F; Charmoy M; Mauel J; Garcia I; Launois P; Louis J; Tacchini-Cottier F. 2009. A new function of the Fas-FasL pathway in macrophage activation. J Leukoc Biol 86(1):81-90. PubMed: 19380712 MGI: J:151214
Chakour R; Guler R; Bugnon M; Allenbach C; Garcia I; Mauel J; Louis J; Tacchini-Cottier F. 2003. Both the Fas ligand and inducible nitric oxide synthase are needed for control of parasite replication within lesions in mice infected with Leishmania major whereas the contribution of tumor necrosis factor is minimal. Infect Immun 71(9):5287-95. PubMed: 12933876 MGI: J:85214
Chan O; Shlomchik MJ. 1998. A new role for B cells in systemic autoimmunity: B cells promote spontaneous T cell activation in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 160(1):51-9. PubMed: 9551955 MGI: J:44923
Chan OT; Paliwal V; McNiff JM; Park SH; Bendelac A; Shlomchik MJ. 2001. Deficiency in beta(2)-Microglobulin, But Not CD1, Accelerates Spontaneous Lupus Skin Disease While Inhibiting Nephritis in MRL-Fas(lpr) Mice: An Example of Disease Regulation at the Organ Level. J Immunol 167(5):2985-90. PubMed: 11509649 MGI: J:71175
Chastagner P; Reddy J; Theze J. 2002. Lymphoadenopathy in IL-2-Deficient Mice: Further Characterization and Overexpression of the Antiapoptotic Molecule Cellular FLIP. J Immunol 169(7):3644-51. PubMed: 12244156 MGI: J:79241
Chattopadhyay G; Khan AQ; Sen G; Colino J; DuBois W; Rubtsov A; Torres RM; Potter M; Snapper CM. 2007. Transgenic expression of Bcl-xL or Bcl-2 by murine B cells enhances the in vivo antipolysaccharide, but not antiprotein, response to intact Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Immunol 179(11):7523-34. PubMed: 18025197 MGI: J:154811
Chen C; Li H; Tian Q; Beardall M; Xu Y; Casanova N; Weigert M. 2006. Selection of anti-double-stranded DNA B cells in autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 176(9):5183-90. PubMed: 16621982 MGI: J:131631
Chen J; Desierto MJ; Feng X; Biancotto A; Young NS. 2015. Immune-mediated bone marrow failure in C57BL/6 mice. Exp Hematol 43(4):256-67. PubMed: 25555453 MGI: J:230272
Chen L; Guo L; Tian J; Zheng B; Han S. 2009. Deficiency in activation-induced cytidine deaminase promotes systemic autoimmunity in lpr mice on a C57BL/6 background. Clin Exp Immunol :. PubMed: 19922498 MGI: J:155557
Chen M; Felix K; Wang J. 2012. Critical role for perforin and Fas-dependent killing of dendritic cells in the control of inflammation. Blood 119(1):127-36. PubMed: 22042696 MGI: J:181665
Chen M; Felix K; Wang J. 2011. Immune regulation through mitochondrion-dependent dendritic cell death induced by T regulatory cells. J Immunol 187(11):5684-92. PubMed: 22031758 MGI: J:179762
Chen M; Wang YH; Wang Y; Huang L; Sandoval H; Liu YJ; Wang J. 2006. Dendritic cell apoptosis in the maintenance of immune tolerance. Science 311(5764):1160-4. PubMed: 16497935 MGI: J:105747
Chen Z; Koralov SB; Kelsoe G. 2000. Complement C4 inhibits systemic autoimmunity through a mechanism independent of complement receptors CR1 and CR2. J Exp Med 192(9):1339-52. PubMed: 11067882 MGI: J:111811
Chervonsky AV; Wang Y; Wong FS; Visintin I; Flavell RA; Janeway CA Jr; Matis LA. 1997. The role of Fas in autoimmune diabetes. Cell 89(1):17-24. PubMed: 9094710 MGI: J:78679
Chesnutt MS; Finck BK; Killeen N; Connolly MK; Goodman H; Wofsy D. 1998. Enhanced lymphoproliferation and diminished autoimmunity in CD4-deficient MRL/lpr mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 87(1):23-32. PubMed: 9576007 MGI: J:47163
Chikazawa M; Otaki N; Shibata T; Miyashita H; Kawai Y; Maruyama S; Toyokuni S; Kitaura Y; Matsuda T; Uchida K. 2013. Multispecificity of immunoglobulin M antibodies raised against advanced glycation end products: involvement of electronegative potential of antigens. J Biol Chem 288(19):13204-14. PubMed: 23543734 MGI: J:198589
Christensen SR; Kashgarian M; Alexopoulou L; Flavell RA; Akira S; Shlomchik MJ. 2005. Toll-like receptor 9 controls anti-DNA autoantibody production in murine lupus. J Exp Med 202(2):321-31. PubMed: 16027240 MGI: J:100530
Christensen SR; Shupe J; Nickerson K; Kashgarian M; Flavell RA; Shlomchik MJ. 2006. Toll-like receptor 7 and TLR9 dictate autoantibody specificity and have opposing inflammatory and regulatory roles in a murine model of lupus. Immunity 25(3):417-28. PubMed: 16973389 MGI: J:113557
Christianson GJ; Blankenburg RL; Duffy TM; Panka D; Roths JB; Marshak-Rothstein A; Roopenian DC. 1996. beta2-microglobulin dependence of the lupus-like autoimmune syndrome of MRL-lpr mice. J Immunol 156(12):4932-9. PubMed: 8648144 MGI: J:33405
Chu JL; Drappa J; Parnassa A; Elkon KB. 1993. The defect in Fas mRNA expression in MRL/lpr mice is associated with insertion of the retrotransposon, ETn. J Exp Med 178(2):723-30. PubMed: 7688033 MGI: J:14206
Chu JL; Ramos P; Rosendorff A; Nikolic-Zugic J; Lacy E; Matsuzawa A; Elkon KB. 1995. Massive upregulation of the Fas ligand in lpr and gld mice: implications for Fas regulation and the graft-versus-host disease-like wasting syndrome. J Exp Med 181(1):393-8. PubMed: 7528774 MGI: J:22200
Clark EA; Shultz LD; Pollack SB. 1981. Mutations in mice that influence natural killer (NK) cell activity. Immunogenetics 12(5-6):601-13. PubMed: 6971254 MGI: J:6485
Cohen PL; Creech E; Nakul-Aquaronne D; McDaniel R; Ackler S; Rapoport RG; Sobel ES; Eisenberg RA. 1993. Antigen nonspecific effect of major histocompatibility complex haplotype on autoantibody levels in systemic lupus erythematosus-prone lpr mice. J Clin Invest 91(6):2761-8. PubMed: 7685774 MGI: J:12587
Cohen PL; Eisenberg RA. 1991. Lpr and gld: single gene models of systemic autoimmunity and lymphoproliferative disease. Annu Rev Immunol 9:243-69. PubMed: 1910678 MGI: J:27579
Cohen PL; Eisenberg RA. 1992. The lpr and gld genes in systemic autoimmunity: life and death in the Fas lane [published erratum appears in Immunol Today 1993 Feb;14(2):97] Immunol Today 13(11):427-8. PubMed: 1282318 MGI: J:3363
Colino J; Snapper CM. 2003. Two distinct mechanisms for induction of dendritic cell apoptosis in response to intact Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Immunol 171(5):2354-65. PubMed: 12928382 MGI: J:121185
Conceicao-Silva F; Hahne M; Schroter M; Louis J; Tschopp J. 1998. The resolution of lesions induced by Leishmania major in mice requires a functional Fas (APO-1, CD95) pathway of cytotoxicity Eur J Immunol 28(1):237-45. PubMed: 9485203 MGI: J:45903
Coquery CM; Wade NS; Loo WM; Kinchen JM; Cox KM; Jiang C; Tung KS; Erickson LD. 2014. Neutrophils contribute to excess serum BAFF levels and promote CD4+ T cell and B cell responses in lupus-prone mice. PLoS One 9(7):e102284. PubMed: 25010693 MGI: J:218912
Corsini NS; Sancho-Martinez I; Laudenklos S; Glagow D; Kumar S; Letellier E; Koch P; Teodorczyk M; Kleber S; Klussmann S; Wiestler B; Brustle O; Mueller W; Gieffers C; Hill O; Thiemann M; Seedorf M; Gretz N; Sprengel R; Celikel T; Martin-Villalba A. 2009. The death receptor CD95 activates adult neural stem cells for working memory formation and brain repair. Cell Stem Cell 5(2):178-90. PubMed: 19664992 MGI: J:152079
Crowley SD; Vasievich MP; Ruiz P; Gould SK; Parsons KK; Pazmino AK; Facemire C; Chen BJ; Kim HS; Tran TT; Pisetsky DS; Barisoni L; Prieto-Carrasquero MC; Jeansson M; Foster MH; Coffman TM. 2009. Glomerular type 1 angiotensin receptors augment kidney injury and inflammation in murine autoimmune nephritis. J Clin Invest 119(4):943-53. PubMed: 19287096 MGI: J:149621
Cruse JM; Lewis RE; Dilioglou S. 2000. Fate of immune complexes, glomerulonephritis, and cell-mediated vasculitis in lupus-prone MRL/Mp lpr/lpr mice. Exp Mol Pathol 69(3):211-22. PubMed: 11115362 MGI: J:106331
Cui H; Ju ST; Sherr DH. 1996. Functional expression of Fas (CD95) protein in autoimmune lpr mice. Cell Immunol 174(1):35-41. PubMed: 8929452 MGI: J:36837
Cullen CM; Bonventre PF; Heeg H; Bluethmann H; Mountz JD; Edwards CK 3rd. 1995. A fas antigen receptor mutation allows development of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1-induced lethal shock in V beta 8.2 T-cell receptor transgenic mice. Pathobiology 63(6):293-304. PubMed: 8738468 MGI: J:33149
Dace DS; Khan AA; Stark JL; Kelly J; Cross AH; Apte RS. 2009. Interleukin-10 overexpression promotes Fas-ligand-dependent chronic macrophage-mediated demyelinating polyneuropathy. PLoS One 4(9):e7121. PubMed: 19771172 MGI: J:153611
Dai Z; Nasr IW; Reel M; Deng S; Diggs L; Larsen CP; Rothstein DM; Lakkis FG. 2005. Impaired recall of CD8 memory T cells in immunologically privileged tissue. J Immunol 174(3):1165-70. PubMed: 15661869 MGI: J:135113
Dalton DK; Haynes L; Chu CQ; Swain SL; Wittmer S. 2000. Interferon gamma eliminates responding CD4 T cells during mycobacterial infection by inducing apoptosis of activated CD4 T cells. J Exp Med 192(1):117-22. PubMed: 10880532 MGI: J:115328
Dautigny N; Le Campion A; Lucas B. 1999. Timing and casting for actors of thymic negative selection. J Immunol 162(3):1294-302. PubMed: 9973382 MGI: J:124433
Davidson WF; Dumont FJ; Bedigian HG; Fowlkes BJ; Morse HC 3rd. 1986. Phenotypic, functional, and molecular genetic comparisons of the abnormal lymphoid cells of C3H-lpr/lpr and C3H-gld/gld mice. J Immunol 136(11):4075-84. PubMed: 3009614 MGI: J:8267
Davidson WF; Giese T; Fredrickson TN. 1998. Spontaneous development of plasmacytoid tumors in mice with defective Fas-Fas ligand interactions. J Exp Med 187(11):1825-38. PubMed: 9607923 MGI: J:49221
Davidson WF; Roths JB; Holmes KL; Rudikoff E; Morse HC 3rd. 1984. Dissociation of severe lupus-like disease from polyclonal B cell activation and IL 2 deficiency in C3H-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 133(2):1048-56. PubMed: 6610701 MGI: J:7488
Demaison C; Fiette L; Blanchetiere V; Schimpl A; Theze J; Froussard P. 1998. IL-2 receptor alpha-chain expression is independently regulated in primary and secondary lymphoid organs. J Immunol 161(4):1977-82. PubMed: 9712069 MGI: J:110999
Denenberg VH; Sherman GF; Rosen GD; Morrison L; Behan PO; Galaburda AM. 1992. A behavior profile of the MRL/Mp lpr/lpr mouse and its association with hydrocephalus. Brain Behav Immun 6(1):40-9. PubMed: 1571603 MGI: J:3768
Deng GM; Liu L; Kyttaris VC; Tsokos GC. 2010. Lupus serum IgG induces skin inflammation through the TNFR1 signaling pathway. J Immunol 184(12):7154-61. PubMed: 20483718 MGI: J:161156
Deobagkar-Lele M; Chacko SK; Victor ES; Kadthur JC; Nandi D. 2013. Interferon-gamma- and glucocorticoid-mediated pathways synergize to enhance death of CD4(+) CD8(+) thymocytes during Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. Immunology 138(4):307-21. PubMed: 23186527 MGI: J:198088
Desbarats J; Newell MK. 2000. Fas engagement accelerates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Nat Med 6(8):920-3. PubMed: 10932231 MGI: J:118048
Diebold Y; Chen LL; Tepavcevic V; Ferdman D; Hodges RR; Dartt DA. 2007. Lymphocytic infiltration and goblet cell marker alteration in the conjunctiva of the MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) mouse model of Sjogren's syndrome. Exp Eye Res 84(3):500-12. PubMed: 17208228 MGI: J:123192
Dittel BN; Merchant RM; Janeway CA Jr. 1999. Evidence for Fas-dependent and Fas-independent mechanisms in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 162(11):6392-400. PubMed: 10352252 MGI: J:110922
Do Y; Rafi-Janajreh AQ; McKallip RJ; Nagarkatti PS; Nagarkatti M. 2003. Combined deficiency in CD44 and Fas leads to exacerbation of lymphoproliferative and autoimmune disease. Int Immunol 15(11):1327-40. PubMed: 14565931 MGI: J:86310
Dohrman A; Russell JQ; Cuenin S; Fortner K; Tschopp J; Budd RC. 2005. Cellular FLIP long form augments caspase activity and death of T cells through heterodimerization with and activation of caspase-8. J Immunol 175(1):311-8. PubMed: 15972663 MGI: J:100574
Dolfi DV; Duttagupta PA; Boesteanu AC; Mueller YM; Oliai CH; Borowski AB; Katsikis PD. 2011. Dendritic cells and CD28 costimulation are required to sustain virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses during the effector phase in vivo. J Immunol 186(8):4599-608. PubMed: 21389258 MGI: J:172460
Dong G; You M; Fan H; Ding L; Sun L; Hou Y. 2015. STS-1 promotes IFN-alpha induced autophagy by activating the JAK1-STAT1 signaling pathway in B cells. Eur J Immunol 45(8):2377-88. PubMed: 25959715 MGI: J:229755
Dowdell KC; Pesnicak L; Hoffmann V; Steadman K; Remaley AT; Cohen JI; Straus SE; Rao VK. 2009. Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, diminishes lymphoproliferation in the Fas -deficient MRL/lpr(-/-) murine model of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). Exp Hematol 37(4):487-94. PubMed: 19217201 MGI: J:146838
Dudani R; Russell M; van Faassen H; Krishnan L; Sad S. 2008. Mutation in the Fas Pathway Impairs CD8+ T Cell Memory. J Immunol 180(5):2933-41. PubMed: 18292515 MGI: J:131560
Dudek NL; Thomas HE; Mariana L; Sutherland RM; Allison J; Estella E; Angstetra E; Trapani JA; Santamaria P; Lew AM; Kay TW. 2006. Cytotoxic T-cells from T-cell receptor transgenic NOD8.3 mice destroy beta-cells via the perforin and Fas pathways. Diabetes 55(9):2412-8. PubMed: 16936188 MGI: J:116592
Duez C; Tomkinson A; Shultz LD; Bratton DL; Gelfand EW. 2001. Fas deficiency delays the resolution of airway hyperresponsiveness after allergen sensitization and challenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol 108(4):547-56. PubMed: 11590380 MGI: J:106288
Dumont FJ; Habbersett RC; Nichols EA; Treffinger JA; Tung AS. 1983. A monoclonal antibody (100C5) to the Lyt-2-T cell population expanding in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice detects a surface antigen normally expressed on Lyt-2+ cells and B cells. Eur J Immunol 13(6):455-9. PubMed: 6602708 MGI: J:7094
Edgar CE; Lindquist LD; McKean DL; Strasser A; Bram RJ. 2010. CAML regulates Bim-dependent thymocyte death. Cell Death Differ 17(10):1566-76. PubMed: 20300112 MGI: J:186363
Edgerton C; Crispin JC; Moratz CM; Bettelli E; Oukka M; Simovic M; Zacharia A; Egan R; Chen J; Dalle Lucca JJ; Juang YT; Tsokos GC. 2009. IL-17 producing CD4+ T cells mediate accelerated ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in autoimmunity-prone mice. Clin Immunol 130(3):313-21. PubMed: 19058762 MGI: J:145181
Edwards CK 3rd; Zhou T; Zhang J; Baker TJ; De M; Long RE; Borcherding DR; Bowlin TL; Bluethmann H; Mountz JD. 1996. Inhibition of superantigen-induced proinflammatory cytokine production and inflammatory arthritis in MRL-lpr/lpr mice by a transcriptional inhibitor of TNF-alpha. J Immunol 157(4):1758-72. PubMed: 8759766 MGI: J:36453
Einav S; Pozdnyakova OO; Ma M; Carroll MC. 2002. Complement C4 is protective for lupus disease independent of C3. J Immunol 168(3):1036-41. PubMed: 11801636 MGI: J:127292
Eisenberg RA; Sobel ES; Reap EA; Halpern MD; Cohen PL. 1994. The role of B cell abnormalities in the systemic autoimmune syndromes of lpr and gld mice. Semin Immunol 6(1):49-54. PubMed: 8167307 MGI: J:19055
Ekland EH; Forster R; Lipp M; Cyster JG. 2004. Requirements for follicular exclusion and competitive elimination of autoantigen-binding B cells. J Immunol 172(8):4700-8. PubMed: 15067045 MGI: J:89130
Elliott JI; Altmann DM. 1995. Dual T cell receptor alpha chain T cells in autoimmunity. J Exp Med 182(4):953-9. PubMed: 7561698 MGI: J:108590
Engelbert M; Gilmore MS. 2005. Fas ligand but not complement is critical for control of experimental Staphylococcus aureus Endophthalmitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46(7):2479-86. PubMed: 15980239 MGI: J:136745
Enjo F; Okanoue T; Itoh Y; Mori T; Sakamoto S; Nagao Y; Kashima K. 1993. The phenotypic and functional abnormalities of MRL/LPR mouse liver macrophages - in comparison with C3H/HEN mouse. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid. , Netherlands. MGI: J:17910
Eriksson AU; Singh RR. 2008. Cutting edge: migration of langerhans dendritic cells is impaired in autoimmune dermatitis. J Immunol 181(11):7468-72. PubMed: 19017935 MGI: J:142207
Esfandiari E; McInnes IB; Lindop G; Huang FP; Field M; Komai-Koma M; Wei Xq; Liew FY. 2001. A proinflammatory role of il-18 in the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease. J Immunol 167(9):5338-47. PubMed: 11673550 MGI: J:72675
Ettinger R; Wang JK; Bossu P; Papas K; Sidman CL; Abbas AK; Marshak-Rothstein A. 1994. Functional distinctions between MRL-lpr and MRL-gld lymphocytes. Normal cells reverse the gld but not lpr immunoregulatory defect. J Immunol 152(4):1557-68. PubMed: 8120369 MGI: J:16936
Fan H; Patel VA; Longacre A; Levine JS. 2006. Abnormal regulation of the cytoskeletal regulator Rho typifies macrophages of the major murine models of spontaneous autoimmunity. J Leukoc Biol 79(1):155-65. PubMed: 16244106 MGI: J:104741
Fecho K; Bentley SA; Cohen PL. 1998. Mice deficient in fas ligand (gld) or fas (lpr) show few alterations in granulopoiesis. Cell Immunol 188(1):19-32. PubMed: 9743554 MGI: J:50037
Feeney AJ; Lawson BR; Kono DH; Theofilopoulos AN. 2001. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deficiency decreases autoimmune disease in mrl-fas(lpr) mice. J Immunol 167(6):3486-93. PubMed: 11544342 MGI: J:71517
Feng X; Li H; Rumbin AA; Wang X; La Cava A; Brechtelsbauer K; Castellani LW; Witztum JL; Lusis AJ; Tsao BP. 2007. ApoE-/-Fas-/- C57BL/6 mice: a novel murine model simultaneously exhibits lupus nephritis, atherosclerosis, and osteopenia. J Lipid Res 48(4):794-805. PubMed: 17259598 MGI: J:121671
Feng ZC; Riopel M; Li J; Donnelly L; Wang R. 2013. Downregulation of Fas activity rescues early onset of diabetes in c-Kit(Wv/+) mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 304(6):E557-65. PubMed: 23269409 MGI: J:195933
Fernandes G; Good RA. 1984. Inhibition by restricted-calorie diet of lymphoproliferative disease and renal damage in MRL/lpr mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81(19):6144-8. PubMed: 6592606 MGI: J:7603
Fleck M; Kern ER; Zhou T; Podlech J; Wintersberger W; Edwards CK 3rd; Mountz JD. 1998. Apoptosis mediated by Fas but not tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 prevents chronic disease in mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus. J Clin Invest 102(7):1431-43. PubMed: 9769336 MGI: J:115242
Fleck M; Zhou T; Tatsuta T; Yang P; Wang Z; Mountz JD. 1998. Fas/Fas ligand signaling during gestational T cell development. J Immunol 160(8):3766-75. PubMed: 9558079 MGI: J:111004
Florido M; Pearl JE; Solache A; Borges M; Haynes L; Cooper AM; Appelberg R. 2005. Gamma interferon-induced T-cell loss in virulent Mycobacterium avium infection. Infect Immun 73(6):3577-86. PubMed: 15908387 MGI: J:99143
Fogler WE; Volker K; Watanabe M; Wigginton JM; Roessler P; Brunda MJ; Ortaldo JR; Wiltrout RH. 1998. Recruitment of hepatic NK cells by IL-12 is dependent on IFN-gamma and VCAM-1 and is rapidly down-regulated by a mechanism involving T cells and expression of Fas. J Immunol 161(11):6014-21. PubMed: 9834083 MGI: J:115033
Ford MS; Young KJ; Zhang Z; Ohashi PS; Zhang L. 2002. The immune regulatory function of lymphoproliferative double negative T cells in vitro and in vivo. J Exp Med 196(2):261-7. PubMed: 12119351 MGI: J:120698
Fortner KA; Bouillet P; Strasser A; Budd RC. 2010. Apoptosis regulators Fas and Bim synergistically control T-lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation. Eur J Immunol 40(11):3043-53. PubMed: 21061436 MGI: J:165842
Fortner KA; Lees RK; Macdonald HR; Budd RC. 2011. Fas (CD95/APO-1) limits the expansion of T lymphocytes in an environment of limited T-cell antigen receptor/MHC contacts. Int Immunol 23(2):75-88. PubMed: 21266499 MGI: J:168554
Fossati L; Takahashi S; Merino R; Iwamoto M; Aubry JP; Nose M; Spach C; Motta R; Izui S. 1993. An MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr substrain with a limited expansion of lpr double-negative T cells and a reduced autoimmune syndrome. Int Immunol 5(5):525-32. PubMed: 8318455 MGI: J:15742
Fournie GJ. 1996. Detection of nucleosome-IgG immune complexes in ascites from mice transplanted with anti-DNA antibody-secreting hybridomas and in plasma from MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Clin Exp Immunol 104(2):236-40. PubMed: 8625514 MGI: J:33891
Fournier EM; Velez MG; Leahy K; Swanson CL; Rubtsov AV; Torres RM; Pelanda R. 2012. Dual-reactive B cells are autoreactive and highly enriched in the plasmablast and memory B cell subsets of autoimmune mice. J Exp Med 209(10):1797-812. PubMed: 22927551 MGI: J:192933
Fournier S; Rathmell JC; Goodnow CC; Allison JP. 1997. T cell-mediated elimination of B7.2 transgenic B cells. Immunity 6(3):327-39. PubMed: 9075933 MGI: J:112475
Freeley SJ; Giorgini A; Tulone C; Popat RJ; Horsfield C; Robson MG. 2013. Toll-like receptor 2 or toll-like receptor 4 deficiency does not modify lupus in MRLlpr mice. PLoS One 8(9):e74112. PubMed: 24086313 MGI: J:206022
Froidevaux S; Kuntz L; Velin D; Loor F. 1991. Different nature of the proliferation defects of GLD, LPR and MEV C57BL/6 mouse lymphoid cells. Autoimmunity 10(3):233-40. PubMed: 1756226 MGI: J:1661
Fujita Y; Fujii T; Mimori T; Sato T; Nakamura T; Iwao H; Nakajima A; Miki M; Sakai T; Kawanami T; Tanaka M; Masaki Y; Fukushima T; Okazaki T; Umehara H. 2014. Deficient leptin signaling ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus lesions in MRL/Mp-Fas lpr mice. J Immunol 192(3):979-84. PubMed: 24391210 MGI: J:207299
Fujiwara M; Kariyone A. 1984. One-way occurrence of graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow chimaeras between congenic MRL mice. Immunology 53(2):251-6. PubMed: 6237981 MGI: J:7617
Fuller MJ; Khanolkar A; Tebo AE; Zajac AJ. 2004. Maintenance, loss, and resurgence of T cell responses during acute, protracted, and chronic viral infections. J Immunol 172(7):4204-14. PubMed: 15034033 MGI: J:88714
Furmanov K; Elnekave M; Lehmann D; Clausen BE; Kotton DN; Hovav AH. 2010. The role of skin-derived dendritic cells in CD8(+) T cell priming following immunization with lentivectors. J Immunol 184(9):4889-97. PubMed: 20357252 MGI: J:160457
Gao HX; Campbell SR; Cui MH; Zong P; Hee-Hwang J; Gulinello M; Putterman C. 2009. Depression is an early disease manifestation in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. J Neuroimmunol 207(1-2):45-56. PubMed: 19121871 MGI: J:150619
Gao Y; Herndon JM; Zhang H; Griffith TS; Ferguson TA. 1998. Antiinflammatory effects of CD95 ligand (FasL)-induced apoptosis. J Exp Med 188(5):887-96. PubMed: 9730890 MGI: J:112021
Gentiletti J; McCloskey LJ; Artlett CM; Peters J; Jimenez SA; Christner PJ. 2005. Demonstration of autoimmunity in the tight skin-2 mouse: a model for scleroderma. J Immunol 175(4):2418-26. PubMed: 16081813 MGI: J:107498
Getachew Y; Cusimano FA; James LP; Thiele DL. 2014. The role of intrahepatic CD3+/CD4-/CD8- double negative T (DN T) cells in enhanced acetaminophen toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 280(2):264-271. PubMed: 25168425 MGI: J:214804
Getachew Y; Stout-Delgado H; Miller BC; Thiele DL. 2008. Granzyme C supports efficient CTL-mediated killing late in primary alloimmune responses. J Immunol 181(11):7810-7. PubMed: 19017970 MGI: J:142385
Giese T; Davidson WF. 1995. The accumulation of B220+ CD4- CD8- (DN) T cells in C3H-lpr/lpr mice is not accelerated by the stimulation of CD8+ T cells or B220+ DN T cells with staphylococcal enterotoxin B and occurs independently of V beta 8+ T cells. Int Immunol 7(8):1213-23. PubMed: 7495728 MGI: J:28207
Giese T; Davidson WF. 1994. Chronic treatment of C3H-lpr/lpr and C3H-gld/gld mice with anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody prevents the accumulation of double negative T cells but not autoantibody production. J Immunol 152(4):2000-10. PubMed: 8120404 MGI: J:17479
Giese T; Davidson WF. 1992. Evidence for early onset, polyclonal activation of T cell subsets in mice homozygous for lpr. J Immunol 149(9):3097-106. PubMed: 1383337 MGI: J:3035
Giese T; Davidson WF. 1995. In CD8+ T cell-deficient lpr/lpr mice, CD4+B220+ and CD4+B220- T cells replace B220+ double-negative T cells as the predominant populations in enlarged lymph nodes. J Immunol 154(10):4986-95. PubMed: 7537297 MGI: J:25105
Gilbert MR; Wagner NJ; Jones SZ; Wisz AB; Roques JR; Krum KN; Lee SR; Nickeleit V; Hulbert C; Thomas JW; Gauld SB; Vilen BJ. 2012. Autoreactive preplasma cells break tolerance in the absence of regulation by dendritic cells and macrophages. J Immunol 189(2):711-20. PubMed: 22675201 MGI: J:189561
Gilkeson GS; Mashmoushi AK; Ruiz P; Caza TN; Perl A; Oates JC. 2013. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase reduces crescentic and necrotic glomerular lesions, reactive oxygen production, and MCP1 production in murine lupus nephritis. PLoS One 8(5):e64650. PubMed: 23741359 MGI: J:200784
Gilkeson GS; Mudgett JS; Seldin MF; Ruiz P; Alexander AA; Misukonis MA ; Pisetsky DS ; Weinberg JB. 1997. Clinical and serologic manifestations of autoimmune disease in MRL-lpr/lpr mice lacking nitric oxide synthase type 2. J Exp Med 186(3):365-73. PubMed: 9236188 MGI: J:42666
Gilkeson GS; Ruiz P; Pritchard AJ; Pisetsky DS. 1991. Genetic control of inflammatory arthritis and glomerulonephritis in congenic lpr mice and their F1 hybrids. J Autoimmun 4(4):595-606. PubMed: 1777011 MGI: J:1866
Gomez L; Chavanis N; Argaud L; Chalabreysse L; Gateau-Roesch O; Ninet J; Ovize M. 2005. Fas-independent mitochondrial damage triggers cardiomyocyte death after ischemia-reperfusion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 289(5):H2153-8. PubMed: 16006549 MGI: J:115446
Gomez-Sintes R; Lucas JJ. 2013. Neuronal apoptosis and motor deficits in mice with genetic inhibition of GSK-3 are Fas-dependent. PLoS One 8(8):e70952. PubMed: 23940673 MGI: J:205758
Gong JH; Ratkay LG; Waterfield JD; Clark-Lewis I. 1997. An antagonist of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) inhibits arthritis in the MRL-lpr mouse model. J Exp Med 186(1):131-7. PubMed: 9207007 MGI: J:41493
Gonzalez-Quintial R; Lawson BR; Scatizzi JC; Craft J; Kono DH; Baccala R; Theofilopoulos AN. 2011. Systemic autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation are associated with excess IL-7 and inhibited by IL-7Ralpha blockade. PLoS One 6(11):e27528. PubMed: 22102903 MGI: J:180964
Gorbachev AV; Fairchild RL. 2010. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells utilize FasL as a mechanism to restrict DC priming functions in cutaneous immune responses. Eur J Immunol 40(7):2006-2015. PubMed: 20405474 MGI: J:161865
Goulet JL; Griffiths RC; Ruiz P; Spurney RF; Pisetsky DS; Koller BH; Coffman TM. 1999. Deficiency of 5-lipoxygenase abolishes sex-related survival differences in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 163(1):359-66. PubMed: 10384136 MGI: J:55637
Graham EM; Sheldon RA; Flock DL; Ferriero DM; Martin LJ; O'Riordan DP; Northington FJ. 2004. Neonatal mice lacking functional Fas death receptors are resistant to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 17(1):89-98. PubMed: 15350969 MGI: J:120038
Granholm NA; Cavallo T. 1994. Pathogenesis of early nephritis in lupus prone mice with a genetic accelerating (lpr) factor. Autoimmunity 17(3):195-202. PubMed: 7948604 MGI: J:19022
Green LM; Lazarus JP; LaBue M; Shah MM. 1995. Reduced cell-cell communication in a spontaneous murine model of autoimmune thyroid disease. Endocrinology 136(8):3611-8. PubMed: 7628400 MGI: J:28171
Greenstein BD; Dhaher YY; Bridges E de F; Keser G; Khamashta MA; Etherington J; Greenstein AS; Coates PJ; Hall PA; Hughes GR. 1993. Effects of an aromatase inhibitor on thymus and kidney and on oestrogen receptors in female MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mice. Lupus 2(4):221-5. PubMed: 8268969 MGI: J:17560
Gregory MS; Hackett CG; Abernathy EF; Lee KS; Saff RR; Hohlbaum AM; Moody KS; Hobson MW; Jones A; Kolovou P; Karray S; Giani A; John SW; Chen DF; Marshak-Rothstein A; Ksander BR. 2011. Opposing roles for membrane bound and soluble fas ligand in glaucoma-associated retinal ganglion cell death. PLoS One 6(3):e17659. PubMed: 21479271 MGI: J:171440
Guevara Patino JA; Ivanov VN; Lacy E; Elkon KB; Marino MW; Nikolic-Zugic J. 2000. TNF-alpha is the critical mediator of the cyclic AMP-induced apoptosis of CD8+4+ double-positive thymocytes. J Immunol 164(4):1689-94. PubMed: 10657611 MGI: J:60398
Guillen-Ahlers H; Suckow MA; Castellino FJ; Ploplis VA. 2010. Fas/CD95 deficiency in ApcMin/+ mice increases intestinal tumor burden. PLoS One 5(2):e9070. PubMed: 20140201 MGI: J:158010
Gujral JS; Liu J; Farhood A; Jaeschke H. 2004. Reduced oncotic necrosis in Fas receptor-deficient C57BL/6J-lpr mice after bile duct ligation. Hepatology 40(4):998-1007. PubMed: 15382126 MGI: J:105573
Gupta M; Greer P; Mahanty S; Shieh WJ; Zaki SR; Ahmed R; Rollin PE. 2005. CD8-mediated protection against Ebola virus infection is perforin dependent. J Immunol 174(7):4198-202. PubMed: 15778381 MGI: J:97965
Gupta VA; Hermiston ML; Cassafer G; Daikh DI; Weiss A. 2008. B cells drive lymphocyte activation and expansion in mice with the CD45 wedge mutation and Fas deficiency. J Exp Med 205(12):2755-2761. PubMed: 19001138 MGI: J:141398
Gutierrez-Ramos JC; Andreu JL; Marcos MA; Vegazo IR; Martinez C. 1991. Treatment with IL2/vaccinia recombinant virus leads to serologic, histologic and phenotypic normalization of autoimmune MRL/lpr-lpr mice. Autoimmunity 10(1):15-25. PubMed: 1742421 MGI: J:1653
Haas C; Ryffel B; Le Hir M. 1997. IFN-gamma is essential for the development of autoimmune glomerulonephritis in MRL/Ipr mice. J Immunol 158(11):5484-91. PubMed: 9164971 MGI: J:40633
Hackshaw KV; Jackson NA; Shi Y. 1994. Composition of peritoneal macrophage membranes in autoimmune MRL lpr/lpr mice. Life Sci 55(10):767-73. PubMed: 8072374 MGI: J:20052
Hagihara M; Sekiguchi K; Fujiwara M; Aoyagi T; Takeuchi T; Nagatsu T. 1992. Effects of deoxyspergualin on dipeptidyl peptidase-II and -IV in the spleen of BXSB mice and MRL/lpr mice during the development of the lupus erythematosus-like syndrome. Biochem Pharmacol 43(6):1380-3. PubMed: 1348619 MGI: J:991
Hale MB; Krutzik PO; Samra SS; Crane JM; Nolan GP. 2009. Stage dependent aberrant regulation of cytokine-STAT signaling in murine systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS One 4(8):e6756. PubMed: 19707593 MGI: J:152402
Hamano H; Saito I; Haneji N; Mitsuhashi Y; Miyasaka N; Hayashi Y. 1993. Expressions of cytokine genes during development of autoimmune sialadenitis in MRL/lpr mice. Eur J Immunol 23(10):2387-91. PubMed: 8405038 MGI: J:15291
Hao Z; Duncan GS; Seagal J; Su YW; Hong C; Haight J; Chen NJ; Elia A; Wakeham A; Li WY; Liepa J; Wood GA; Casola S; Rajewsky K; Mak TW. 2008. Fas receptor expression in germinal-center B cells is essential for T and B lymphocyte homeostasis. Immunity 29(4):615-27. PubMed: 18835195 MGI: J:141441
Hao Z; Hampel B; Yagita H; Rajewsky K. 2004. T cell-specific ablation of Fas leads to Fas ligand-mediated lymphocyte depletion and inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis. J Exp Med 199(10):1355-65. PubMed: 15148335 MGI: J:114948
Harada T; Pineda LL; Nakano A; Omura K; Zhou L; Iijima M; Yamasaki Y; Yokoyama M. 2003. Ataxia and male sterility (AMS) mouse. A new genetic variant exhibiting degeneration and loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells and spermatic cells. Pathol Int 53(6):382-9. PubMed: 12787313 MGI: J:103945
Haraldsson MK; Louis-Dit-Sully CA; Lawson BR; Sternik G; Santiago-Raber ML; Gascoigne NR; Theofilopoulos AN; Kono DH. 2008. The lupus-related Lmb3 locus contains a disease-suppressing Coronin-1A gene mutation. Immunity 28(1):40-51. PubMed: 18199416 MGI: J:131363
Hashimoto W; Osaki T; Okamura H; Robbins PD; Kurimoto M; Nagata S; Lotze MT; Tahara H. 1999. Differential antitumor effects of administration of recombinant IL-18 or recombinant IL-12 are mediated primarily by Fas-Fas ligand- and perforin-induced tumor apoptosis, respectively. J Immunol 163(2):583-9. PubMed: 10395644 MGI: J:56128
Hayashi Y; Hamano H; Haneji N; Ishimaru N; Yanagi K. 1995. Biased T cell receptor V beta gene usage during specific stages of the development of autoimmune sialadenitis in the MRL/lpr mouse model of Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 38(8):1077-84. PubMed: 7639803 MGI: J:28856
Hayashi Y; Haneji N; Hamano H. 1994. Pathogenesis of Sjogren's syndrome-like autoimmune lesions in MRL/lpr mice. Pathol Int 44(8):559-68. PubMed: 7952145 MGI: J:20192
Hayashi Y; Haneji N; Hamano H; Yanagi K. 1994. Transfer of Sjogren's syndrome-like autoimmune lesions into SCID mice and prevention of lesions by anti-CD4 and anti-T cell receptor antibody treatment. Eur J Immunol 24(11):2826-31. PubMed: 7957574 MGI: J:21965
Hayward AR; Chmura K; Cosyns M. 2000. Interferon-gamma is required for innate immunity to Cryptosporidium parvum in mice. J Infect Dis 182(3):1001-4. PubMed: 10950807 MGI: J:125986
He X; Schoeb TR; Panoskaltsis-Mortari A; Zinn KR; Kesterson RA; Zhang J; Samuel S; Hicks MJ; Hickey MJ; Bullard DC. 2006. Deficiency of P-selectin or P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 leads to accelerated development of glomerulonephritis and increased expression of CC chemokine ligand 2 in lupus-prone mice. J Immunol 177(12):8748-56. PubMed: 17142777 MGI: J:127199
Heinzelmann F; Jendrossek V; Lauber K; Nowak K; Eldh T; Boras R; Handrick R; Henkel M; Martin C; Uhlig S; Kohler D; Eltzschig HK; Wehrmann M; Budach W; Belka C. 2006. Irradiation-induced pneumonitis mediated by the CD95/CD95-ligand system. J Natl Cancer Inst 98(17):1248-51. PubMed: 16954477 MGI: J:112382
Helbig C; Gentek R; Backer RA; de Souza Y; Derks IA; Eldering E; Wagner K; Jankovic D; Gridley T; Moerland PD; Flavell RA; Amsen D. 2012. Notch controls the magnitude of T helper cell responses by promoting cellular longevity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(23):9041-6. PubMed: 22615412 MGI: J:184840
Herblot S; Chastagner P; Samady L; Moreau JL; Demaison C; Froussard P; Liu X; Bonnet J; Theze J. 1999. IL-2-dependent expression of genes involved in cytoskeleton organization, oncogene regulation, and transcriptional control. J Immunol 162(6):3280-8. PubMed: 10092780 MGI: J:53462
Herkel J; Erez-Alon N; Mimran A; Wolkowicz R; Harmelin A; Ruiz P; Rotter V; Cohen IR. 2000. Systemic lupus erythematosus in mice, spontaneous and induced, is associated with autoimmunity to the C-terminal domain of p53 that recognizes damaged DNA. Eur J Immunol 30(4):977-84. PubMed: 10760784 MGI: J:61674
Herlands RA; Christensen SR; Sweet RA; Hershberg U; Shlomchik MJ. 2008. T Cell-Independent and Toll-like Receptor-Dependent Antigen-Driven Activation of Autoreactive B Cells. Immunity 29(2):249-60. PubMed: 18691914 MGI: J:139567
Herrero R; Tanino M; Smith LS; Kajikawa O; Wong VA; Mongovin S; Matute-Bello G; Martin TR. 2013. The Fas/FasL pathway impairs the alveolar fluid clearance in mouse lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 305(5):L377-88. PubMed: 23812636 MGI: J:210116
Herron LR; Eisenberg RA; Roper E; Kakkanaiah VN; Cohen PL; Kotzin BL. 1993. Selection of the T cell receptor repertoire in Lpr mice. J Immunol 151(7):3450-9. PubMed: 8376785 MGI: J:14768
Hess DC; Taormina M; Thompson J; Sethi KD; Diamond B; Rao R; Chamberlain CR; Feldman DS. 1993. Cognitive and neurologic deficits in the MRL/lpr mouse: a clinicopathologic study. J Rheumatol 20(4):610-7. PubMed: 8496852 MGI: J:14151
Hiatt K; Ingram DA; Huddleston H; Spandau DF; Kapur R; Clapp DW. 2004. Loss of the nf1 tumor suppressor gene decreases fas antigen expression in myeloid cells. Am J Pathol 164(4):1471-9. PubMed: 15039234 MGI: J:89131
Hickey MJ. 2003. Alterations in leucocyte trafficking in lupus-prone mice: an examination of the MRL/faslpr mouse. Immunol Cell Biol 81(5):390-6. PubMed: 12969327 MGI: J:85931
Hickey MJ; Bullard DC; Issekutz A; James WG. 2002. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions are enhanced in dermal postcapillary venules of MRL/fas(lpr) (lupus-prone) mice: roles of P- and E-selectin. J Immunol 168(9):4728-36. PubMed: 11971023 MGI: J:126009
Hill LL; Shreedhar VK; Kripke ML; Owen-Schaub LB. 1999. A critical role for Fas ligand in the active suppression of systemic immune responses by ultraviolet radiation. J Exp Med 189(8):1285-94. PubMed: 10209045 MGI: J:54480
Hoffmann U; Heilmann K; Hayford C; Stallmach A; Wahnschaffe U; Zeitz M; Gunthert U; Wittig BM. 2007. CD44v7 ligation downregulates the inflammatory immune response in Crohn's disease patients by apoptosis induction in mononuclear cells from the lamina propria. Cell Death Differ 14(8):1542-51. PubMed: 17479111 MGI: J:139267
Hogarth MB; Norsworthy PJ; Allen PJ; Trinder PK; Loos M; Morley BJ; Walport MJ; Davies KA. 1996. Autoantibodies to the collagenous region of C1q occur in three strains of lupus-prone mice. Clin Exp Immunol 104(2):241-6. PubMed: 8625515 MGI: J:32811
Hoi AY; Hickey MJ; Hall P; Yamana J; O'Sullivan KM; Santos LL; James WG; Kitching AR; Morand EF. 2006. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor deficiency attenuates macrophage recruitment, glomerulonephritis, and lethality in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 177(8):5687-96. PubMed: 17015758 MGI: J:139429
Holl EK; Shumansky KL; Borst LB; Burnette AD; Sample CJ; Ramsburg EA; Sullenger BA. 2016. Scavenging nucleic acid debris to combat autoimmunity and infectious disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113(35):9728-33. PubMed: 27528673 MGI: J:235596
Honda S; Nemoto K; Mae T; Kinjoh K; Kyogoku M; Kawamura H; Miyazawa S; Weerashinghe A; Watanabe H; Narita J; Koya T; Arakawa M; Abo T. 1999. Mice with early onset of death (EOD) due to lupus glomerulonephritis. Clin Exp Immunol 116(1):153-63. PubMed: 10209520 MGI: J:54561
Hou G; Vogel W; Bendeck MP. 2001. The discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase DDR1 in arterial wound repair. J Clin Invest 107(6):727-35. PubMed: 11254672 MGI: J:110759
Hron JD; Peng SL. 2004. Type I IFN protects against murine lupus. J Immunol 173(3):2134-42. PubMed: 15265950 MGI: J:92084
Huang FP; Feng GJ; Lindop G; Stott DI; Liew FY. 1996. The role of interleukin 12 and nitric oxide in the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease in MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mice. J Exp Med 183(4):1447-59. PubMed: 8666903 MGI: J:110769
Huang FP; Xu D; Esfandiari EO; Sands W; Wei XQ; Liew FY. 1998. Mice defective in Fas are highly susceptible to Leishmania major infection despite elevated IL-12 synthesis, strong Th1 responses, and enhanced nitric oxide production. J Immunol 160(9):4143-7. PubMed: 9574511 MGI: J:47570
Huang Y; Park Y; Wang-Zhu Y; Larange A; Arens R; Bernardo I; Olivares-Villagomez D; Herndler-Brandstetter D; Abraham N; Grubeck-Loebenstein B; Schoenberger SP; Van Kaer L; Kronenberg M; Teitell MA; Cheroutre H. 2011. Mucosal memory CD8(+) T cells are selected in the periphery by an MHC class I molecule. Nat Immunol 12(11):1086-95. PubMed: 21964609 MGI: J:177662
Hughes DP; Hayday A; Craft JE; Owen MJ; Crispe IN. 1995. T cells with gamma/delta T cell receptors (TCR) of intestinal type are preferentially expanded in TCR-alpha-deficient lpr mice. J Exp Med 182(1):233-41. PubMed: 7540652 MGI: J:26250
Hughes PD; Belz GT; Fortner KA; Budd RC; Strasser A; Bouillet P. 2008. Apoptosis regulators Fas and Bim cooperate in shutdown of chronic immune responses and prevention of autoimmunity. Immunity 28(2):197-205. PubMed: 18275830 MGI: J:132218
Huseby ES; Liggitt D; Brabb T; Schnabel B; Ohlen C; Goverman J. 2001. A pathogenic role for myelin-specific CD8(+) T cells in a model for multiple sclerosis. J Exp Med 194(5):669-76. PubMed: 11535634 MGI: J:118575
Hutcheson J; Scatizzi JC; Siddiqui AM; Haines GK 3rd; Wu T; Li QZ; Davis LS; Mohan C; Perlman H. 2008. Combined deficiency of proapoptotic regulators Bim and Fas results in the early onset of systemic autoimmunity. Immunity 28(2):206-17. PubMed: 18275831 MGI: J:132217
Hutchins NA; Chung CS; Borgerding JN; Ayala CA; Ayala A. 2013. Kupffer Cells Protect Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells from Fas-Dependent Apoptosis in Sepsis by Down-Regulating gp130. Am J Pathol 182(3):742-54. PubMed: 23306157 MGI: J:193702
Ibraghimov AR; Lynch RG. 1994. T cell specialization at environmental interfaces: T cells from the lung and the female genital tract of lpr and gld mice differ from their splenic and lymph node counterparts. Eur J Immunol 24(8):1848-52. PubMed: 7519999 MGI: J:19907
Ichinose K; Rauen T; Juang YT; Kis-Toth K; Mizui M; Koga T; Tsokos GC. 2011. Cutting edge: Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV is essential for mesangial cell proliferation and lupus nephritis. J Immunol 187(11):5500-4. PubMed: 22031763 MGI: J:179759
Igawa T; Nakashima H; Sadanaga A; Masutani K; Miyake K; Shimizu S; Takeda A; Hamano S; Yoshida H. 2009. Deficiency in EBV-induced gene 3 (EBI3) in MRL/lpr mice results in pathological alteration of autoimmune glomerulonephritis and sialadenitis. Mod Rheumatol 19(1):33-41. PubMed: 18779924 MGI: J:181669
Iiai T; Kimura M; Kawachi Y; Hirokawa K; Watanabe H; Hatakeyama K; Abo T. 1995. Characterization of intermediate T-cell receptor cells expanding in the liver, thymus and other organs in autoimmune lpr mice: parallel analysis with their normal counterparts. Immunology 84(4):601-8. PubMed: 7790034 MGI: J:24526
Ishikawa T; Yamada H; Oyamada A; Goshima F; Nishiyama Y; Yoshikai Y. 2009. Protective role of Fas-FasL signaling in lethal infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 in mice. J Virol 83(22):11777-83. PubMed: 19740996 MGI: J:153977
Itoh J; Nose M; Takahashi S; Ono M; Terasaki S; Kondoh E; Kyogoku M. 1993. Induction of different types of glomerulonephritis by monoclonal antibodies derived from an MRL/lpr lupus mouse. Am J Pathol 143(5):1436-43. PubMed: 8238259 MGI: J:15513
Itoh J; Takahashi S; Ono M; Yamamoto T; Nose M; Kyogoku M. 1994. Nephritogenic antibodies in MRL/lpr lupus mice: molecular characteristics in pathological and genetic aspects. Tohoku J Exp Med 173(1):65-74. PubMed: 7809912 MGI: J:20595
Itoh N; Imagawa A; Hanafusa T; Waguri M; Yamamoto K; Iwahashi H ; Moriwaki M ; Nakajima H ; Miyagawa J ; Namba M ; Makino S ; Nagata S ; Kono N ; Matsuzawa Y. 1997. Requirement of Fas for the development of autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. J Exp Med 186(4):613-8. PubMed: 9254659 MGI: J:43117
Iwata Y; Bostrom EA; Menke J; Rabacal WA; Morel L; Wada T; Kelley VR. 2012. Aberrant macrophages mediate defective kidney repair that triggers nephritis in lupus-susceptible mice. J Immunol 188(9):4568-80. PubMed: 22467656 MGI: J:188447
Izawa T; Ishimaru N; Moriyama K; Kohashi M; Arakaki R; Hayashi Y. 2007. Crosstalk between RANKL and Fas signaling in dendritic cells controls immune tolerance. Blood 110(1):242-50. PubMed: 17371940 MGI: J:145411
Izawa T; Kondo T; Kurosawa M; Oura R; Matsumoto K; Tanaka E; Yamada A; Arakaki R; Kudo Y; Hayashi Y; Ishimaru N. 2012. Fas-independent T-cell apoptosis by dendritic cells controls autoimmune arthritis in MRL/lpr mice. PLoS One 7(12):e48798. PubMed: 23300516 MGI: J:195736
Izui S; Berney T; Shibata T; Fulpius T. 1993. IgG3 cryoglobulins in autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice: immunopathogenesis, therapeutic approaches and relevance to similar human diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 52 Suppl 1:S48-54. PubMed: 8481059 MGI: J:15744
Izui S; Kelley VE; Masuda K; Yoshida H; Roths JB; Murphy ED. 1984. Induction of various autoantibodies by mutant gene lpr in several strains of mice. J Immunol 133(1):227-33. PubMed: 6609979 MGI: J:7454
Jabs DA; Burek CL; Hu Q; Kuppers RC; Lee B; Prendergast RA. 1992. Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody therapy suppresses autoimmune disease in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. Cell Immunol 141(2):496-507. PubMed: 1576659 MGI: J:962
Jabs DA; Kuppers RC; Saboori AM; Burek CL; Enger C; Lee B; Prendergast RA. 1994. Effects of early and late treatment with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody on autoimmune disease in MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mice. Cell Immunol 154(1):66-76. PubMed: 7907009 MGI: J:17797
Jabs DA; Lee B; Burek CL; Saboori AM; Prendergast RA. 1996. Cyclosporine therapy suppresses ocular and lacrimal gland disease in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 37(2):377-83. PubMed: 8603842 MGI: J:33353
Jabs DA; Lee B; Whittum-Hudson JA; Prendergast RA. 2000. Th1 versus Th2 immune responses in autoimmune lacrimal gland disease in MRL/Mp mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41(3):826-31. PubMed: 10711700 MGI: J:60734
Jabs DA; Prendergast RA; Campbell AL; Lee B; Akpek EK; Gerard HC; Hudson AP; Whittum-Hudson JA. 2007. Autoimmune Th2-mediated dacryoadenitis in MRL/MpJ mice becomes Th1-mediated in IL-4 deficient MRL/MpJ mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48(12):5624-9. PubMed: 18055812 MGI: J:132514
Jabs DA; Prendergast RA; Rorer EM; Hudson AP; Whittum-Hudson JA. 2001. Cytokines in autoimmune lacrimal gland disease in MRL/MpJ mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 42(11):2567-71. PubMed: 11581200 MGI: J:72054
Jabs S; Quitsch A; Kakela R; Koch B; Tyynela J; Brade H; Glatzel M; Walkley S; Saftig P; Vanier MT; Braulke T. 2008. Accumulation of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate and gangliosides in mouse models of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. J Neurochem 106(3):1415-25. PubMed: 18498441 MGI: J:138648
Jacobson BA; Panka DJ; Nguyen KA; Erikson J; Abbas AK; Marshak-Rothstein A. 1995. Anatomy of autoantibody production: dominant localization of antibody-producing cells to T cell zones in Fas-deficient mice. Immunity 3(4):509-19. PubMed: 7584141 MGI: J:29465
James WG; Hutchinson P; Bullard DC; Hickey MJ. 2006. Cerebral leucocyte infiltration in lupus-prone MRL/MpJ-fas lpr mice--roles of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and P-selectin. Clin Exp Immunol 144(2):299-308. PubMed: 16634804 MGI: J:108128
Janssen EM; Droin NM; Lemmens EE; Pinkoski MJ; Bensinger SJ; Ehst BD; Griffith TS; Green DR; Schoenberger SP. 2005. CD4+ T-cell help controls CD8+ T-cell memory via TRAIL-mediated activation-induced cell death. Nature 434(7029):88-93. PubMed: 15744305 MGI: J:96586
Jarad G; Lakhe-Reddy S; Blatnik J; Koepke M; Khan S; El-Meanawy MA; O'Connor AS; Sedor JR; Schelling JR. 2004. Renal phenotype is exacerbated in Os and lpr double mutant mice. Kidney Int 66(3):1029-35. PubMed: 15327396 MGI: J:102341
Jeddi P; Keusch J; Lydyard PM; Bodman-Smith KB; Chesnutt MS; Wofsy D; Hirota H; Taga T; Delves PJ. 1999. The effect on immunoglobulin glycosylation of altering in vivo production of immunoglobulin G. Immunology 98(3):475-80. PubMed: 10583610 MGI: J:58374
Jeddi PA; Lund T; Bodman KB; Sumar N; Lydyard PM; Pouncey L; Heath LS; Kidd VJ; Delves PJ. 1994. Reduced galactosyltransferase mRNA levels are associated with the agalactosyl IgG found in arthritis-prone MRL-lpr/lpr strain mice. Immunology 83(3):484-8. PubMed: 7835974 MGI: J:21190
Jevnikar AM; Grusby MJ; Glimcher LH. 1994. Prevention of nephritis in major histocompatibility complex class II-deficient MRL-lpr mice. J Exp Med 179(4):1137-43. PubMed: 7908320 MGI: J:17444
Jiang C; Foley J; Clayton N; Kissling G; Jokinen M; Herbert R; Diaz M. 2007. Abrogation of lupus nephritis in activation-induced deaminase-deficient MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 178(11):7422-31. PubMed: 17513793 MGI: J:147824
Jiang C; Loo WM; Greenley EJ; Tung KS; Erickson LD. 2011. B cell maturation antigen deficiency exacerbates lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity in murine lupus. J Immunol 186(11):6136-47. PubMed: 21536804 MGI: J:173173
Jie G; Jiang Q; Rui Z; Yifei Y. 2010. Expression of interleukin-17 in autoimmune dacryoadenitis in MRL/lpr mice. Curr Eye Res 35(10):865-71. PubMed: 20858106 MGI: J:179797
Jimi E; Strickland I; Voll RE; Long M; Ghosh S. 2008. Differential role of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in selection and survival of CD4+ and CD8+ thymocytes. Immunity 29(4):523-37. PubMed: 18957265 MGI: J:140645
Jin H; Carrio R; Yu A; Malek TR. 2004. Distinct activation signals determine whether IL-21 induces B cell costimulation, growth arrest, or Bim-dependent apoptosis. J Immunol 173(1):657-65. PubMed: 15210829 MGI: J:90963
Jodo S; Kung JT; Xiao S; Chan DV; Kobayashi S; Tateno M; Lafyatis R; Ju ST. 2003. Anti-CD95-induced lethality requires radioresistant Fcgamma RII+ cells. A novel mechanism for fulminant hepatic failure. J Biol Chem 278(9):7553-7. PubMed: 12477718 MGI: J:82143
Jolicoeur P; Hu C; Mak TW; Martinou JC; Kay DG. 2003. Protection against murine leukemia virus-induced spongiform myeloencephalopathy in mice overexpressing Bcl-2 but not in mice deficient for interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthetase, ICE, Fas, Fas ligand, or TNF-R1 genes. J Virol 77(24):13161-70. PubMed: 14645573 MGI: J:86761
Josefsson EC; Burnett DL; Lebois M; Debrincat MA; White MJ; Henley KJ; Lane RM; Moujalled D; Preston SP; O'Reilly LA; Pellegrini M; Metcalf D; Strasser A; Kile BT. 2014. Platelet production proceeds independently of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. Nat Commun 5:3455. PubMed: 24632563 MGI: J:210320
Ju ZL; Shi GY; Zuo JX; Zhang JW. 2007. Unexpected development of autoimmunity in BAFF-R-mutant MRL-lpr mice. Immunology 120(2):281-9. PubMed: 17073941 MGI: J:122315
Jung KC; Park WS; Kim HJ; Choi EY; Kook MC; Lee HW; Bae Y. 2004. TCR-independent and caspase-independent apoptosis of murine thymocytes by CD24 cross-linking. J Immunol 172(2):795-802. PubMed: 14707049 MGI: J:87358
Kagi D; Vignaux F; Ledermann B; Burki K; Depraetere V; Nagata S; Hengartner H; Golstein P. 1994. Fas and perforin pathways as major mechanisms of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Science 265(5171):528-30. PubMed: 7518614 MGI: J:127697
Kakkanaiah VN; Sobel ES; MacDonald GC; Cheek RL; Cohen PL; Eisenberg RA. 1997. B cell genotype determines the fine specificity of autoantibody in lpr mice. J Immunol 159(2):1027-35. PubMed: 9218626 MGI: J:42203
Kamada H; Takaoka Y; Kitagaki K; Nagai H. 1995. Effect of cyclophosphamide on lymphokine production in MRL/lpr.Yaa mice. Inflamm Res 44(11):491-8. PubMed: 8597884 MGI: J:30518
Kamath AB; Camacho I; Nagarkatti PS; Nagarkatti M. 1999. Role of Fas-Fas ligand interactions in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced immunotoxicity: increased resistance of thymocytes from Fas-deficient (lpr) and Fas ligand-defective (gld) mice to TCDD-induced toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 160(2):141-55. PubMed: 10527913 MGI: J:59708
Kanayama N; Cascalho M; Ohmori H. 2005. Analysis of marginal zone B cell development in the mouse with limited B cell diversity: role of the antigen receptor signals in the recruitment of B cells to the marginal zone. J Immunol 174(3):1438-45. PubMed: 15661902 MGI: J:110016
Kanno H; Tachiwaki O; Nose M; Kyogoku M. 1994. Immune complex-degradation ability of macrophages in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr lupus mice and its regulation by cytokines. Clin Exp Immunol 95(1):115-21. PubMed: 8287594 MGI: J:16431
Kapadia M; Stanojcic M; Earls AM; Pulapaka S; Lee J; Sakic B. 2012. Altered olfactory function in the MRL model of CNS lupus. Behav Brain Res 234(2):303-11. PubMed: 22796602 MGI: J:191007
Kaplan HJ; Leibole MA; Tezel T; Ferguson TA. 1999. Fas ligand (CD95 ligand) controls angiogenesis beneath the retina. Nat Med 5(3):292-7. PubMed: 10086384 MGI: J:53306
Karussis DM; Vourka-Karussis U; Lehmann D; Abramsky O; Ben-Nun A; Slavin S. 1995. Immunomodulation of autoimmunity in MRL/lpr mice with syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (SBMT). Clin Exp Immunol 100(1):111-7. PubMed: 7697909 MGI: J:25732
Kattah NH; Newell EW; Jarrell JA; Chu AD; Xie J; Kattah MG; Goldberger O; Ye J; Chakravarty EF; Davis MM; Utz PJ. 2015. Tetramers reveal IL-17-secreting CD4+ T cells that are specific for U1-70 in lupus and mixed connective tissue disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112(10):3044-9. PubMed: 25713364 MGI: J:220241
Kehren J; Desvignes C; Krasteva M; Ducluzeau MT; Assossou O; Horand F; Hahne M; Kagi D; Kaiserlian D; Nicolas JF. 1999. Cytotoxicity is mandatory for CD8(+) T cell-mediated contact hypersensitivity. J Exp Med 189(5):779-86. PubMed: 10049941 MGI: J:112018
Kelley VE; Ferretti A; Izui S; Strom TB. 1985. A fish oil diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid reduces cyclooxygenase metabolites, and suppresses lupus in MRL-lpr mice. J Immunol 134(3):1914-9. PubMed: 3918111 MGI: J:12027
Kennedy NJ; Russell JQ; Michail N; Budd RC. 2001. Liver damage by infiltrating CD8(+) T cells is fas dependent. J Immunol 167(11):6654-62. PubMed: 11714837 MGI: J:72817
Kevil CG; Hicks MJ; He X; Zhang J; Ballantyne CM; Raman C; Schoeb TR; Bullard DC. 2004. Loss of LFA-1, but not Mac-1, protects MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) mice from autoimmune disease. Am J Pathol 165(2):609-16. PubMed: 15277234 MGI: J:91523
Kikawada E; Lenda DM; Kelley VR. 2003. IL-12 deficiency in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice delays nephritis and intrarenal IFN-gamma expression, and diminishes systemic pathology. J Immunol 170(7):3915-25. PubMed: 12646661 MGI: J:106635
Kilmon MA; Wagner NJ; Garland AL; Lin L; Aviszus K; Wysocki LJ; Vilen BJ. 2007. Macrophages prevent the differentiation of autoreactive B cells by secreting CD40 ligand and interleukin-6. Blood 110(5):1595-602. PubMed: 17712049 MGI: J:145511
Kim A; Feng P; Ohkuri T; Sauers D; Cohn ZJ; Chai J; Nelson T; Bachmanov AA; Huang L; Wang H. 2012. Defects in the peripheral taste structure and function in the MRL/lpr mouse model of autoimmune disease. PLoS One 7(4):e35588. PubMed: 22536412 MGI: J:187203
Kim H; Nakajima T; Hayashi S; Chambon P; Watanabe H; Iguchi T; Sato T. 2009. Effects of diethylstilbestrol on programmed oocyte death and induction of polyovular follicles in neonatal mouse ovaries. Biol Reprod 81(5):1002-9. PubMed: 19553606 MGI: J:154524
Kim S; Kim KA; Hwang DY; Lee TH; Kayagaki N; Yagita H; Lee MS. 2000. Inhibition of autoimmune diabetes by Fas ligand: the paradox is solved. J Immunol 164(6):2931-6. PubMed: 10706679 MGI: J:60909
Kim SH; Bianco NR; Shufesky WJ; Morelli AE; Robbins PD. 2007. MHC class II+ exosomes in plasma suppress inflammation in an antigen-specific and Fas ligand/Fas-dependent manner. J Immunol 179(4):2235-41. PubMed: 17675484 MGI: J:151223
Kim Y; Tarallo V; Kerur N; Yasuma T; Gelfand BD; Bastos-Carvalho A; Hirano Y; Yasuma R; Mizutani T; Fowler BJ; Li S; Kaneko H; Bogdanovich S; Ambati BK; Hinton DR; Hauswirth WW; Hakem R; Wright C; Ambati J. 2014. DICER1/Alu RNA dysmetabolism induces Caspase-8-mediated cell death in age-related macular degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111(45):16082-7. PubMed: 25349431 MGI: J:216768
Kimura M; Matsuzawa A. 1994. Autoimmunity in mice bearing lprcg: a novel mutant gene. Int Rev Immunol 11(3):193-210. PubMed: 7930845 MGI: J:21991
Kimura MY; Pobezinsky LA; Guinter TI; Thomas J; Adams A; Park JH; Tai X; Singer A. 2013. IL-7 signaling must be intermittent, not continuous, during CD8(+) T cell homeostasis to promote cell survival instead of cell death. Nat Immunol 14(2):143-51. PubMed: 23242416 MGI: J:192537
Kinjyo I; Gordon SM; Intlekofer AM; Dowdell K; Mooney EC; Caricchio R; Grupp SA; Teachey DT; Rao VK; Lindsten T; Reiner SL. 2010. Cutting edge: Lymphoproliferation caused by Fas deficiency is dependent on the transcription factor eomesodermin. J Immunol 185(12):7151-5. PubMed: 21076068 MGI: J:167466
Kinoshita K; Tesch G; Schwarting A; Maron R; Sharpe AH; Kelley VR. 2000. Costimulation by B7-1 and B7-2 is required for autoimmune disease in MRL-Faslpr mice. J Immunol 164(11):6046-56. PubMed: 10820290 MGI: J:112278
Kishimoto H; Sprent J. 1999. Several different cell surface molecules control negative selection of medullary thymocytes. J Exp Med 190(1):65-73. PubMed: 10429671 MGI: J:56164
Kishimoto H; Surh CD; Sprent J. 1998. A role for Fas in negative selection of thymocytes in vivo. J Exp Med 187(9):1427-38. PubMed: 9565635 MGI: J:112083
Klebanoff CA; Scott CD; Leonardi AJ; Yamamoto TN; Cruz AC; Ouyang C; Ramaswamy M; Roychoudhuri R; Ji Y; Eil RL; Sukumar M; Crompton JG; Palmer DC; Borman ZA; Clever D; Thomas SK; Patel S; Yu Z; Muranski P; Liu H; Wang E; Marincola FM; Gros A; Gattinoni L; Rosenberg SA; Siegel RM; Restifo NP. 2016. Memory T cell-driven differentiation of naive cells impairs adoptive immunotherapy. J Clin Invest 126(1):318-34. PubMed: 26657860 MGI: J:230036
Kobayashi I; Matsuda T; Saito T; Yasukawa K; Kikutani H; Hirano T; Taga T; Kishimoto T. 1992. Abnormal distribution of IL-6 receptor in aged MRL/lpr mice: elevated expression on B cells and absence on CD4+ cells. Int Immunol 4(12):1407-12. PubMed: 1363056 MGI: J:16195
Kobayashi S; Hirano T; Kakinuma M; Uede T. 1993. Transcriptional repression and differential splicing of Fas mRNA by early transposon (ETn) insertion in autoimmune lpr mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 191(2):617-24. PubMed: 7681668 MGI: J:4166
Kobayashi T; Takahashi K; Nagai Y; Shibata T; Otani M; Izui S; Akira S; Gotoh Y; Kiyono H; Miyake K. 2008. Tonic B cell activation by Radioprotective105/MD-1 promotes disease progression in MRL/lpr mice. Int Immunol 20(7):881-91. PubMed: 18492657 MGI: J:137066
Koga T; Hedrich CM; Mizui M; Yoshida N; Otomo K; Lieberman LA; Rauen T; Crispin JC; Tsokos GC. 2014. CaMK4-dependent activation of AKT/mTOR and CREM-alpha underlies autoimmunity-associated Th17 imbalance. J Clin Invest 124(5):2234-45. PubMed: 24667640 MGI: J:212771
Koga T; Ichinose K; Mizui M; Crispin JC; Tsokos GC. 2012. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV suppresses IL-2 production and regulatory T cell activity in lupus. J Immunol 189(7):3490-6. PubMed: 22942433 MGI: J:190549
Koh DR; Ho A; Rahemtulla A; Fung-Leung WP; Griesser H; Mak TW. 1995. Murine lupus in MRL/lpr mice lacking CD4 or CD8 T cells. Eur J Immunol 25(9):2558-62. PubMed: 7589126 MGI: J:28923
Koh YT; Scatizzi JC; Gahan JD; Lawson BR; Baccala R; Pollard KM; Beutler BA; Theofilopoulos AN; Kono DH. 2013. Role of nucleic acid-sensing TLRs in diverse autoantibody specificities and anti-nuclear antibody-producing B cells. J Immunol 190(10):4982-90. PubMed: 23589617 MGI: J:202550
Komano H; Ikegami Y; Yokoyama M; Suzuki R; Yonehara S; Yamasaki Y; Shinohara N. 1999. Severe impairment of B cell function in lpr/lpr mice expressing transgenic Fas selectively on B cells. Int Immunol 11(7):1035-42. PubMed: 10383935 MGI: J:58073
Komori H; Furukawa H; Mori S; Ito MR; Terada M; Zhang MC; Ishii N; Sakuma N; Nose M; Ono M. 2006. A signal adaptor SLAM-associated protein regulates spontaneous autoimmunity and Fas-dependent lymphoproliferation in MRL-Faslpr lupus mice. J Immunol 176(1):395-400. PubMed: 16365433 MGI: J:126261
Kong PL; Morel L; Croker BP; Craft J. 2004. The centromeric region of chromosome 7 from MRL mice (Lmb3) is an epistatic modifier of Fas for autoimmune disease expression. J Immunol 172(5):2785-94. PubMed: 14978078 MGI: J:88238
Kong S; Yang Y; Xu Y; Wang Y; Zhang Y; Melo-Cardenas J; Xu X; Gao B; Thorp EB; Zhang DD; Zhang B; Song J; Zhang K; Zhang J; Zhang J; Li H; Fang D. 2016. Endoplasmic reticulum-resident E3 ubiquitin ligase Hrd1 controls B-cell immunity through degradation of the death receptor CD95/Fas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113(37):10394-9. PubMed: 27573825 MGI: J:235578
Kono DH; Haraldsson MK; Lawson BR; Pollard KM; Koh YT; Du X; Arnold CN; Baccala R; Silverman GJ; Beutler BA; Theofilopoulos AN. 2009. Endosomal TLR signaling is required for anti-nucleic acid and rheumatoid factor autoantibodies in lupus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(29):12061-6. PubMed: 19574451 MGI: J:150798
Korner H; Cretney E; Wilhelm P; Kelly JM; Rollinghoff M; Sedgwick JD; Smyth MJ. 2000. Tumor necrosis factor sustains the generalized lymphoproliferative disorder (gld) phenotype [published erratum appears in J Exp Med 2000 Apr 17;191(8):following 1948] J Exp Med 191(1):89-96. PubMed: 10620607 MGI: J:59244
Kosiewicz MM; Alard P; Liang S; Clark SL. 2004. Mechanisms of tolerance induced by transforming growth factor-beta-treated antigen-presenting cells: CD8 regulatory T cells inhibit the effector phase of the immune response in primed mice through a mechanism involving Fas ligand. Int Immunol 16(5):697-706. PubMed: 15096489 MGI: J:89454
Koulnis M; Liu Y; Hallstrom K; Socolovsky M. 2011. Negative autoregulation by Fas stabilizes adult erythropoiesis and accelerates its stress response. PLoS One 6(7):e21192. PubMed: 21760888 MGI: J:174943
Kreuwel HT; Morgan DJ; Krahl T; Ko A; Sarvetnick N; Sherman LA. 1999. Comparing the relative role of perforin/granzyme versus Fas/Fas ligand cytotoxic pathways in CD8+ T cell-mediated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Immunol 163(8):4335-41. PubMed: 10510373 MGI: J:100013
Krum SA; Miranda-Carboni GA; Hauschka PV; Carroll JS; Lane TF; Freedman LP; Brown M. 2008. Estrogen protects bone by inducing Fas ligand in osteoblasts to regulate osteoclast survival. EMBO J 27(3):535-45. PubMed: 18219273 MGI: J:131818
Krzyzowska M; Baska P; Orlowski P; Zdanowski R; Winnicka A; Eriksson K; Stankiewicz W. 2013. HSV-2 regulates monocyte inflammatory response via the Fas/FasL pathway. PLoS One 8(7):e70308. PubMed: 23922974 MGI: J:204362
Kuan AP; Cohen PL. 2005. p53 is required for spontaneous autoantibody production in B6/lpr lupus mice. Eur J Immunol 35(5):1653-60. PubMed: 15789337 MGI: J:97789
Kubo T; Uchida Y; Watanabe Y; Abe M; Nakamura A; Ono M; Akira S; Takai T. 2009. Augmented TLR9-induced Btk activation in PIR-B-deficient B-1 cells provokes excessive autoantibody production and autoimmunity. J Exp Med 206(9):1971-82. PubMed: 19687229 MGI: J:152159
Kusakari C; Hozawa K; Koike S; Kyogoku M; Takasaka T. 1992. MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mouse as a model of immune-induced sensorineural hearing loss. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 157:82-6. PubMed: 1416659 MGI: J:3638
Kuwano K; Hagimoto N; Kawasaki M; Yatomi T; Nakamura N; Nagata S; Suda T; Kunitake R; Maeyama T; Miyazaki H; Hara N. 1999. Essential roles of the Fas-Fas ligand pathway in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 104(1):13-9. PubMed: 10393694 MGI: J:115307
Kwiatkowski A; Piatkowski M; Chen M; Kan L; Meng Q; Fan H; Osman AH; Liu Z; Ledford B; He JQ. 2016. Superior angiogenesis facilitates digit regrowth in MRL/MpJ mice compared to C57BL/6 mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 473(4):907-12. PubMed: 27040769 MGI: J:234959
Kyttaris VC; Zhang Z; Kuchroo VK; Oukka M; Tsokos GC. 2010. Cutting edge: IL-23 receptor deficiency prevents the development of lupus nephritis in C57BL/6-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 184(9):4605-9. PubMed: 20308633 MGI: J:160486
Laderach D; Koutouzov S; Bach JF; Yamamoto AM. 2003. Concomitant early appearance of anti-ribonucleoprotein and anti-nucleosome antibodies in lupus prone mice. J Autoimmun 20(2):161-70. PubMed: 12657529 MGI: J:82259
Lalli PN; Strainic MG; Yang M; Lin F; Medof ME; Heeger PS. 2008. Locally produced C5a binds to T cell-expressed C5aR to enhance effector T-cell expansion by limiting antigen-induced apoptosis. Blood 112(5):1759-66. PubMed: 18567839 MGI: J:138718
Lamoureux JL; Watson LC; Cherrier M; Skog P; Nemazee D; Feeney AJ. 2007. Reduced receptor editing in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. J Exp Med 204(12):2853-64. PubMed: 17967905 MGI: J:128433
Landau AM; Luk KC; Jones ML; Siegrist-Johnstone R; Young YK; Kouassi E; Rymar VV; Dagher A; Sadikot AF; Desbarats J. 2005. Defective Fas expression exacerbates neurotoxicity in a model of Parkinson's disease. J Exp Med 202(5):575-81. PubMed: 16129703 MGI: J:100698
Lang PA; Meryk A; Pandyra AA; Brenner D; Brustle A; Xu HC; Merches K; Lang F; Khairnar V; Sharma P; Funkner P; Recher M; Shaabani N; Duncan GS; Duhan V; Homey B; Ohashi PS; Haussinger D; Knolle PA; Honke N; Mak TW; Lang KS. 2015. Toso regulates differentiation and activation of inflammatory dendritic cells during persistence-prone virus infection. Cell Death Differ 22(1):164-73. PubMed: 25257173 MGI: J:230183
Laouar Y; Ezine S. 1994. In vivo CD4+ lymph node T cells from lpr mice generate CD4-CD8-B220+TCR-beta low cells. J Immunol 153(9):3948-55. PubMed: 7523511 MGI: J:21003
Lartigue A; Colliou N; Calbo S; Francois A; Jacquot S; Arnoult C; Tron F; Gilbert D; Musette P. 2009. Critical role of TLR2 and TLR4 in autoantibody production and glomerulonephritis in lpr mutation-induced mouse lupus. J Immunol 183(10):6207-16. PubMed: 19841185 MGI: J:157188
Lartigue A; Courville P; Auquit I; Francois A; Arnoult C; Tron F; Gilbert D; Musette P. 2006. Role of TLR9 in anti-nucleosome and anti-DNA antibody production in lpr mutation-induced murine lupus. J Immunol 177(2):1349-54. PubMed: 16818796 MGI: J:135036
Lau CM; Broughton C; Tabor AS; Akira S; Flavell RA; Mamula MJ; Christensen SR; Shlomchik MJ; Viglianti GA; Rifkin IR; Marshak-Rothstein A. 2005. RNA-associated autoantigens activate B cells by combined B cell antigen receptor/Toll-like receptor 7 engagement. J Exp Med 202(9):1171-7. PubMed: 16260486 MGI: J:118731
Le AV; Cho JY; Miller M; McElwain S; Golgotiu K; Broide DH. 2007. Inhibition of allergen-induced airway remodeling in Smad 3-deficient mice. J Immunol 178(11):7310-6. PubMed: 17513781 MGI: J:147829
Le Gall SM; Legrand J; Benbijja M; Safya H; Benihoud K; Kanellopoulos JM; Bobe P. 2012. Loss of P2X7 receptor plasma membrane expression and function in pathogenic B220+ double-negative T lymphocytes of autoimmune MRL/lpr mice. PLoS One 7(12):e52161. PubMed: 23284917 MGI: J:195619
Le Moine A; Surquin M; Demoor FX; Noel JC; Nahori MA; Pretolani M; Flamand V; Braun MY; Goldman M; Abramowicz D. 1999. IL-5 mediates eosinophilic rejection of MHC class II-disparate skin allografts in mice. J Immunol 163(7):3778-84. PubMed: 10490975 MGI: J:118717
Lech M; Kulkarni OP; Pfeiffer S; Savarese E; Krug A; Garlanda C; Mantovani A; Anders HJ. 2008. Tir8/Sigirr prevents murine lupus by suppressing the immunostimulatory effects of lupus autoantigens. J Exp Med 205(8):1879-88. PubMed: 18644972 MGI: J:138217
Lech M; Rommele C; Kulkarni OP; Susanti HE; Migliorini A; Garlanda C; Mantovani A; Anders HJ. 2011. Lack of the Long Pentraxin PTX3 Promotes Autoimmune Lung Disease but not Glomerulonephritis in Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. PLoS One 6(5):e20118. PubMed: 21637713 MGI: J:172567
Leder A; Kuo A; Shen MM; Leder P. 1992. In situ hybridization reveals co-expression of embryonic and adult alpha globin genes in the earliest murine erythrocyte progenitors. Development 116(4):1041-9. PubMed: 1295728 MGI: J:3683
Lee GK; Park HJ; Macleod M; Chandler P; Munn DH; Mellor AL. 2002. Tryptophan deprivation sensitizes activated T cells to apoptosis prior to cell division. Immunology 107(4):452-60. PubMed: 12460190 MGI: J:80776
Lee SR; Rutan JA; Monteith AJ; Jones SZ; Kang SA; Krum KN; Kilmon MA; Roques JR; Wagner NJ; Clarke SH; Vilen BJ. 2012. Receptor cross-talk spatially restricts p-ERK during TLR4 stimulation of autoreactive B cells. J Immunol 189(8):3859-68. PubMed: 22984080 MGI: J:190650
Leiter LM; Reuhl KR; Racis SP Jr; Sherman AR. 1995. Iron status alters murine systemic lupus erythematosus. J Nutr 125(3):474-84. PubMed: 7876923 MGI: J:23639
Lenda DM; Stanley ER; Kelley VR. 2004. Negative role of colony-stimulating factor-1 in macrophage, T cell, and B cell mediated autoimmune disease in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. J Immunol 173(7):4744-54. PubMed: 15383612 MGI: J:93714
Letellier E; Kumar S; Sancho-Martinez I; Krauth S; Funke-Kaiser A; Laudenklos S; Konecki K; Klussmann S; Corsini NS; Kleber S; Drost N; Neumann A; Levi-Strauss M; Brors B; Gretz N; Edler L; Fischer C; Hill O; Thiemann M; Biglari B; Karray S; Martin-Villalba A. 2010. CD95-ligand on peripheral myeloid cells activates Syk kinase to trigger their recruitment to the inflammatory site. Immunity 32(2):240-52. PubMed: 20153221 MGI: J:157914
Levy O; Calippe B; Lavalette S; Hu SJ; Raoul W; Dominguez E; Housset M; Paques M; Sahel JA; Bemelmans AP; Combadiere C; Guillonneau X; Sennlaub F. 2015. Apolipoprotein E promotes subretinal mononuclear phagocyte survival and chronic inflammation in age-related macular degeneration. EMBO Mol Med 7(2):211-26. PubMed: 25604058 MGI: J:232682
Li L; Mori S; Sakamoto M; Takahashi S; Kodama T. 2013. Mouse model of lymph node metastasis via afferent lymphatic vessels for development of imaging modalities. PLoS One 8(2):e55797. PubMed: 23405215 MGI: J:199424
Li XC; Li Y; Dodge I; Wells AD; Zheng XX; Turka LA; Strom TB. 1999. Induction of allograft tolerance in the absence of Fas-mediated apoptosis. J Immunol 163(5):2500-7. PubMed: 10452986 MGI: J:57097
Li Y; Li H; Ni D; Weigert M. 2002. Anti-DNA B cells in MRL/lpr mice show altered differentiation and editing pattern. J Exp Med 196(12):1543-52. PubMed: 12486097 MGI: J:131138
Li Y; Takemura G; Kosai K; Takahashi T; Okada H; Miyata S; Yuge K; Nagano S; Esaki M; Khai NC; Goto K; Mikami A; Maruyama R; Minatoguchi S; Fujiwara T; Fujiwara H. 2004. Critical roles for the Fas/Fas ligand system in postinfarction ventricular remodeling and heart failure. Circ Res 95(6):627-36. PubMed: 15297380 MGI: J:101485
Liang B; Gee RJ; Kashgarian MJ; Sharpe AH; Mamula MJ. 1999. B7 costimulation in the development of lupus: autoimmunity arises either in the absence of B7.1/B7.2 or in the presence of anti-b7.1/B7.2 blocking antibodies. J Immunol 163(4):2322-9. PubMed: 10438978 MGI: J:118772
Liang B; Kashgarian MJ; Sharpe AH; Mamula MJ. 2000. Autoantibody responses and pathology regulated by B7-1 and B7-2 costimulation in MRL/lpr lupus J Immunol 165(6):3436-43. PubMed: 10975864 MGI: J:64568
Liao X; Ren J; Wei CH; Ross AC; Cecere TE; Jortner BS; Ahmed SA; Luo XM. 2015. Paradoxical effects of all-trans-retinoic acid on lupus-like disease in the MRL/lpr mouse model. PLoS One 10(3):e0118176. PubMed: 25775135 MGI: J:228402
Licht R; Dieker JW; Jacobs CW; Tax WJ; Berden JH. 2004. Decreased phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in diseased SLE mice. J Autoimmun 22(2):139-45. PubMed: 14987742 MGI: J:88416
Lichtnekert J; Rupanagudi KV; Kulkarni OP; Darisipudi MN; Allam R; Anders HJ. 2011. Activated protein C attenuates systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. J Immunol 187(6):3413-21. PubMed: 21849682 MGI: J:179231
Licon Luna RM; Lee E; Mullbacher A; Blanden RV; Langman R; Lobigs M. 2002. Lack of both Fas ligand and perforin protects from flavivirus-mediated encephalitis in mice. J Virol 76(7):3202-11. PubMed: 11884544 MGI: J:126472
Lieberman LA; Tsokos GC. 2014. Lupus-prone mice fail to raise antigen-specific T cell responses to intracellular infection. PLoS One 9(10):e111382. PubMed: 25360768 MGI: J:223085
Lin L; Brody SL; Peng SL. 2005. Restraint of B cell activation by Foxj1-mediated antagonism of NF-kappa B and IL-6. J Immunol 175(2):951-8. PubMed: 16002694 MGI: J:100704
Lin L; Hron JD; Peng SL. 2004. Regulation of NF-kappaB, Th activation, and autoinflammation by the forkhead transcription factor Foxo3a. Immunity 21(2):203-13. PubMed: 15308101 MGI: J:93593
Lin L; Spoor MS; Gerth AJ; Brody SL; Peng SL. 2004. Modulation of Th1 activation and inflammation by the NF-kappaB repressor Foxj1. Science 303(5660):1017-20. PubMed: 14963332 MGI: J:90379
Lin X; Pease LR; Murray PD; Rodriguez M. 1998. Theiler's virus infection of genetically susceptible mice induces central nervous system-infiltrating CTLs with no apparent viral or major myelin antigenic specificity. J Immunol 160(11):5661-8. PubMed: 9605173 MGI: J:47789
Lipke AB; Matute-Bello G; Herrero R; Wong VA; Mongovin SM; Martin TR. 2011. Death receptors mediate the adverse effects of febrile-range hyperthermia on the outcome of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 301(1):L60-70. PubMed: 21515659 MGI: J:175952
Listopad JJ; Kammertoens T; Anders K; Silkenstedt B; Willimsky G; Schmidt K; Kuehl AA; Loddenkemper C; Blankenstein T. 2013. Fas expression by tumor stroma is required for cancer eradication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(6):2276-81. PubMed: 23341634 MGI: J:193821
Liu Y; Pop R; Sadegh C; Brugnara C; Haase VH; Socolovsky M. 2006. Suppression of Fas-FasL coexpression by erythropoietin mediates erythroblast expansion during the erythropoietic stress response in vivo. Blood 108(1):123-33. PubMed: 16527892 MGI: J:135682
Liu Y; Wang L; Kikuiri T; Akiyama K; Chen C; Xu X; Yang R; Chen W; Wang S; Shi S. 2011. Mesenchymal stem cell-based tissue regeneration is governed by recipient T lymphocytes via IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Nat Med 17(12):1594-601. PubMed: 22101767 MGI: J:180364
Lloyd CM; Gonzalo JA; Salant DJ; Just J; Gutierrez-Ramos JC. 1997. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 deficiency prolongs survival and protects against the development of pulmonary inflammation during murine lupus. J Clin Invest 100(5):963-71. PubMed: 9276713 MGI: J:111466
Lohman BL; Welsh RM. 1998. Apoptotic regulation of T cells and absence of immune deficiency in virus-infected gamma interferon receptor knockout mice. J Virol 72(10):7815-21. PubMed: 9733817 MGI: J:120244
Lowin B; Hahne M; Mattmann C; Tschopp J. 1994. Cytolytic T-cell cytotoxicity is mediated through perforin and Fas lytic pathways. Nature 370(6491):650-2. PubMed: 7520535 MGI: J:146737
Lowrance JH; O'Sullivan FX; Caver TE; Waegell W; Gresham HD. 1994. Spontaneous elaboration of transforming growth factor beta suppresses host defense against bacterial infection in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice. J Exp Med 180(5):1693-703. PubMed: 7964455 MGI: J:21157
Luan X; Zhao W; Chandrasekar B; Fernandes G. 1995. Calorie restriction modulates lymphocyte subset phenotype and increases apoptosis in MRL/lpr mice. Immunol Lett 47(3):181-6. PubMed: 8747716 MGI: J:30026
Lucas JA; Menke J; Rabacal WA; Schoen FJ; Sharpe AH; Kelley VR. 2008. Programmed death ligand 1 regulates a critical checkpoint for autoimmune myocarditis and pneumonitis in MRL mice. J Immunol 181(4):2513-21. PubMed: 18684942 MGI: J:140186
Luckerath K; Kirkin V; Melzer IM; Thalheimer FB; Siele D; Milani W; Adler T; Aguilar-Pimentel A; Horsch M; Michel G; Beckers J; Busch DH; Ollert M; Gailus-Durner V; Fuchs H; Hrabe de Angelis M; Staal FJ; Rajalingam K; Hueber AO; Strobl LJ; Zimber-Strobl U; Zornig M. 2011. Immune modulation by Fas ligand reverse signaling: lymphocyte proliferation is attenuated by the intracellular Fas ligand domain. Blood 117(2):519-29. PubMed: 20971954 MGI: J:168406
Luckow B; Maier H; Chilla S; Perez de Lema G. 2000. The mCK-5 multiprobe RNase protection assay kit can yield erroneous results for the murine chemokines IP-10 and MCP-1. Anal Biochem 286(2):193-7. PubMed: 11067740 MGI: J:193671
Ma J; Xu J; Madaio MP; Peng Q; Zhang J; Grewal IS; Flavell RA; Craft J. 1996. Autoimmune lpr/lpr mice deficient in CD40 ligand: spontaneous Ig class switching with dichotomy of autoantibody responses. J Immunol 157(1):417-26. PubMed: 8683147 MGI: J:110722
Ma L; Chan KW; Trendell-Smith NJ; Wu A; Tian L; Lam AC; Chan AK; Lo CK; Chik S; Ko KH; To CK; Kam SK; Li XS; Yang CH; Leung SY; Ng MH; Stott DI; MacPherson GG; Huang FP. 2005. Systemic autoimmune disease induced by dendritic cells that have captured necrotic but not apoptotic cells in susceptible mouse strains. Eur J Immunol 35(11):3364-75. PubMed: 16224814 MGI: J:113764
Ma Z; Choudhury A; Kang SA; Monestier M; Cohen PL; Eisenberg RA. 2008. Accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE deficient lupus mouse models. Clin Immunol 127(2):168-75. PubMed: 18325838 MGI: J:133606
Madiai F; Hackshaw KV. 1999. Lack of FGF-1 overexpression during autoimmune nephritis in the kidneys of MRL lpr/lpr mice. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 103(1):37-44. PubMed: 10440569 MGI: J:56482
Maldonado MA; Eisenberg RA; Roper E; Cohen PL; Kotzin BL. 1995. Greatly reduced lymphoproliferation in lpr mice lacking major histocompatibility complex class I. J Exp Med 181(2):641-8. PubMed: 7530760 MGI: J:22506
Malipiero U; Frei K; Spanaus KS; Agresti C; Lassmann H; Hahne M; Tschopp J; Eugster HP; Fontana A. 1997. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis is chronic/relapsing in perforin knockout mice, but monophasic in Fas- and Fas ligand-deficient lpr and gld mice. Eur J Immunol 27(12):3151-60. PubMed: 9464800 MGI: J:45139
Mandik L; Nguyen KA; Erikson J. 1995. Fas receptor expression on B-lineage cells. Eur J Immunol 25(11):3148-54. PubMed: 7489756 MGI: J:30282
Mandik-Nayak L; Seo SJ; Sokol C; Potts KM; Bui A; Erikson J. 1999. MRL-lpr/lpr mice exhibit a defect in maintaining developmental arrest and follicular exclusion of anti-double-stranded DNA B cells. J Exp Med 189(11):1799-814. PubMed: 10359584 MGI: J:55738
Mannoor K; Matejuk A; Xu Y; Beardall M; Chen C. 2012. Expression of natural autoantibodies in MRL-lpr mice protects from lupus nephritis and improves survival. J Immunol 188(8):3628-38. PubMed: 22407922 MGI: J:184077
Mao Q; Gundavarapu S; Patel C; Tsai A; Luks FI; De Paepe ME. 2008. The Fas system confers protection against alveolar disruption in hyperoxia-exposed newborn mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 39(6):717-29. PubMed: 18587053 MGI: J:156001
Martin LJ; Chen K; Liu Z. 2005. Adult motor neuron apoptosis is mediated by nitric oxide and Fas death receptor linked by DNA damage and p53 activation. J Neurosci 25(27):6449-59. PubMed: 16000635 MGI: J:99428
Martin SF; Dudda JC; Delattre V; Bachtanian E; Leicht C; Burger B; Weltzien HU; Simon JC. 2004. Fas-mediated inhibition of CD4+ T cell priming results in dominance of type 1 CD8+ T cells in the immune response to the contact sensitizer trinitrophenyl. J Immunol 173(5):3178-85. PubMed: 15322178 MGI: J:92718
Martins GA; Petkova SB; MacHado FS; Kitsis RN; Weiss LM; Wittner M; Tanowitz HB; Silva JS. 2001. Fas-FasL interaction modulates nitric oxide production in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice. Immunology 103(1):122-9. PubMed: 11380700 MGI: J:69492
Masse GX; Corcuff E; Strick-Marchand H; Guy-Grand D; Tafuri-Bladt A; Albert ML; Lantz O; Di Santo JP. 2007. Gamma c cytokines condition the progressive differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(39):15442-7. PubMed: 17855567 MGI: J:125207
Masso-Welch PA; Black JD; Erikson J; Repasky EA. 1999. Polarized expression of immunoglobulin, spectrin, and protein kinase C beta II occurs in B cells from normal BALB/c, autoimmune lpr, and anti-ssDNA transgenic, tolerant mice. J Leukoc Biol 66(4):617-24. PubMed: 10534118 MGI: J:58132
Mastache EF; Lindroth K; Fernandez C; Gonzalez-Fernandez A. 2006. Somatic hypermutation of Ig genes is affected differently by failures in apoptosis caused by disruption of Fas (lpr mutation) or by overexpression of Bcl-2. Scand J Immunol 63(6):420-9. PubMed: 16764695 MGI: J:129290
Matsumoto K; Watanabe N; Akikusa B; Kurasawa K; Matsumura R; Saito Y; Iwamoto I; Saito T. 2003. Fc receptor-independent development of autoimmune glomerulonephritis in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. Arthritis Rheum 48(2):486-94. PubMed: 12571859 MGI: J:106188
Matsuzaki Y; Pannetien C; Kanagawa O; Gachelin G; Nakauchi H. 1992. Evidence for the existence of two parallel differentiation pathways in the thymus of MRL lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 149(3):1069-74. PubMed: 1378863 MGI: J:1496
Matsuzawa A; Katagiri T; Ogata Y; Kominami R; Kimura M. 1994. Lymphadenopathy induced by the cooperation between lprcg and gld genes is of lpr but not of gld phenotype. Eur J Immunol 24(7):1714-6. PubMed: 8026532 MGI: J:19735
Matsuzawa A; Moriyama T; Kaneko T; Tanaka M; Kimura M; Ikeda H; Katagiri T. 1990. A new allele of the lpr locus, lprcg, that complements the gld gene in induction of lymphadenopathy in the mouse. J Exp Med 171(2):519-31. PubMed: 2406366 MGI: J:24805
Matsuzawa A; Shimizu M; Takeda Y; Nagase H; Sayama K; Kimura M. 2002. Significant role of Fas ligand-binding but defective Fas receptor (CD95) in lymph node hyperplasia composed of abnormal double-negative T cells. Immunology 106(4):470-5. PubMed: 12153509 MGI: J:78449
Matsuzawa S; Tamura T; Mizuno Y; Kobayashi S; Okuyama H; Tsukitani Y; Uemura D; Kikuchi K. 1992. Increase in potential activities of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A in lymphoid tissues of autoimmune MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice. J Biochem 111(4):472-7. PubMed: 1319990 MGI: J:11704
McKallip RJ; Do Y; Fisher MT; Robertson JL; Nagarkatti PS; Nagarkatti M. 2002. Role of CD44 in activation-induced cell death: CD44-deficient mice exhibit enhanced T cell response to conventional and superantigens. Int Immunol 14(9):1015-26. PubMed: 12202399 MGI: J:113629
McKenzie MD; Dudek NL; Mariana L; Chong MM; Trapani JA; Kay TW; Thomas HE. 2006. Perforin and Fas induced by IFN{gamma} and TNF{alpha} mediate beta cell death by OT-I CTL. Int Immunol 18(6):837-46. PubMed: 16574667 MGI: J:109099
McKenzie MD; Jamieson E; Jansen ES; Scott CL; Huang DC; Bouillet P; Allison J; Kay TW; Strasser A; Thomas HE. 2010. Glucose induces pancreatic islet cell apoptosis that requires the BH3-only proteins Bim and Puma and multi-BH domain protein Bax. Diabetes 59(3):644-52. PubMed: 19959756 MGI: J:164154
McMenomey SO; Russell NJ; Morton JI; Trune DR. 1992. Stria vascularis ultrastructural pathology in the C3H/lpr autoimmune strain mouse: a potential mechanism for immune-related hearing loss. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 106(3):288-95. PubMed: 1534162 MGI: J:1045
Mehal WZ; Crispe IN. 1998. TCR ligation on CD8+ T cells creates double-negative cells in vivo. J Immunol 161(4):1686-93. PubMed: 9712032 MGI: J:112045
Melamed D; Miri E; Leider N; Nemazee D. 2000. Unexpected autoantibody production in membrane Ig-mu-deficient/lpr mice. J Immunol 165(8):4353-8. PubMed: 11035071 MGI: J:119584
Menke J; Bork T; Kutska B; Byrne KT; Blanfeld M; Relle M; Kelley VR; Schwarting A. 2011. Targeting transcription factor Stat4 uncovers a role for interleukin-18 in the pathogenesis of severe lupus nephritis in mice. Kidney Int 79(4):452-63. PubMed: 20980973 MGI: J:186884
Menke J; Hsu MY; Byrne KT; Lucas JA; Rabacal WA; Croker BP; Zong XH; Stanley ER; Kelley VR. 2008. Sunlight triggers cutaneous lupus through a CSF-1-dependent mechanism in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. J Immunol 181(10):7367-79. PubMed: 18981160 MGI: J:141073
Merino R; Fossati L; Iwamoto M; Takahashi S; Lemoine R; Ibnou-Zekri N; Pugliatti L; Merino J; Izui S. 1995. Effect of long-term anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 treatment on the development of lpr CD4- CD8- double negative T cells and of the autoimmune syndrome in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. J Autoimmun 8(1):33-45. PubMed: 7734035 MGI: J:22962
Merino R; Iwamoto M; Fossati L; Izui S. 1993. Polyclonal B cell activation arises from different mechanisms in lupus-prone (NZB x NZW)F1 and MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 151(11):6509-16. PubMed: 7902378 MGI: J:15610
Merino R; Shibata T; De Kossodo S; Izui S. 1989. Differential effect of the autoimmune Yaa and lpr genes on the acceleration of lupus-like syndrome in MRL/MpJ mice. Eur J Immunol 19(11):2131-7. PubMed: 2599002 MGI: J:108759
Meryhew NL; Messner RP. 1993. Murine complement-mediated immune clearance dysfunction is associated with the lymphoproliferative (lpr) gene. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 69(3):324-32. PubMed: 8242904 MGI: J:15966
Mieza MA; Itoh T; Cui JQ; Makino Y; Kawano T; Tsuchida K; Koike T; Shirai T; Yagita H; Matsuzawa A; Koseki H; Taniguchi M. 1996. Selective reduction of V alpha 14+ NK T cells associated with disease development in autoimmune-prone mice. J Immunol 156(10):4035-40. PubMed: 8621946 MGI: J:32945
Misu N; Zhang M; Mori S; Miyazaki T; Furukawa H; Sasaki T; Nose M; Ono M. 2007. Autosomal loci associated with a sex-related difference in the development of autoimmune phenotypes in a lupus model. Eur J Immunol 37(10):2787-96. PubMed: 17823981 MGI: J:125264
Mittelstadt PR; Ashwell JD. 1999. Role of Egr-2 in up-regulation of Fas ligand in normal T cells and aberrant double-negative lpr and gld T cells. J Biol Chem 274(5):3222-7. PubMed: 9915863 MGI: J:115231
Miwa T; Maldonado MA; Zhou L; Sun X; Luo HY; Cai D; Werth VP; Madaio MP; Eisenberg RA; Song WC. 2002. Deletion of decay-accelerating factor (CD55) exacerbates autoimmune disease development in MRL/lpr mice. Am J Pathol 161(3):1077-86. PubMed: 12213736 MGI: J:78874
Miwa T; Zhou L; Maldonado MA; Madaio MP; Eisenberg RA; Song WC. 2012. Absence of CD59 exacerbates systemic autoimmunity in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 189(11):5434-41. PubMed: 23109726 MGI: J:190667
Mixter PF; Russell JQ; Durie FH; Budd RC. 1995. Decreased CD4-CD8- TCR-alpha beta + cells in lpr/lpr mice lacking beta 2-microglobulin. J Immunol 154(5):2063-74. PubMed: 7868883 MGI: J:22945
Molano I; Mathenia J; Ruiz P; Gilkeson GS; Zhang XK. 2009. Decreased expression of Fli-1 in bone marrow-derived haematopoietic cells significantly affects disease development in Murphy Roths Large/lymphoproliferation (MRL/lpr) mice. Clin Exp Immunol :. PubMed: 20015093 MGI: J:160651
Molano ID; Redmond S; Sekine H; Zhang XK; Reilly C; Hutchison F; Ruiz P; Gilkeson GS. 2003. Effect of genetic deficiency of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase on autoantibody production and renal disease in MRL/lpr mice. Clin Immunol 107(3):186-97. PubMed: 12804532 MGI: J:83942
Molano ID; Wloch MK; Alexander AA; Watanabe H; Gilkeson GS. 2000. Effect of a genetic deficiency of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase on autoantibody production by C57BL6 Fas(lpr) mice. Clin Immunol 94(1):24-32. PubMed: 10607487 MGI: J:110248
Monneaux F; Dumortier H; Steiner G; Briand JP; Muller S. 2001. Murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus: B and T cell responses to spliceosomal ribonucleoproteins in MRL/Fas(lpr) and (NZB x NZW)F(1) lupus mice. Int Immunol 13(9):1155-63. PubMed: 11526096 MGI: J:71605
Montecalvo A; Shufesky WJ; Stolz DB; Sullivan MG; Wang Z; Divito SJ; Papworth GD; Watkins SC; Robbins PD; Larregina AT; Morelli AE. 2008. Exosomes As a Short-Range Mechanism to Spread Alloantigen between Dendritic Cells during T Cell Allorecognition. J Immunol 180(5):3081-90. PubMed: 18292531 MGI: J:131530
Montecino-Rodriguez EM; Loor F. 1991. Haematopoietic cell transfers between C57BL/6 mice differing at the lpr or gld locus. Immunology 74(1):127-31. PubMed: 1682243 MGI: J:2762
Monteith AJ; Kang S; Scott E; Hillman K; Rajfur Z; Jacobson K; Costello MJ; Vilen BJ. 2016. Defects in lysosomal maturation facilitate the activation of innate sensors in systemic lupus erythematosus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113(15):E2142-51. PubMed: 27035940 MGI: J:232121
Mora AL; Corn RA; Stanic AK; Goenka S; Aronica M; Stanley S; Ballard DW; Joyce S; Boothby M. 2003. Antiapoptotic function of NF-kappaB in T lymphocytes is influenced by their differentiation status: roles of Fas, c-FLIP, and Bcl-xL. Cell Death Differ 10(9):1032-44. PubMed: 12934078 MGI: J:128143
Mori K; Kobayashi S; Inobe M; Jia WY; Tamakoshi M; Miyazaki T; Uede T. 1994. In vivo cytokine gene expression in various T cell subsets of the autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mouse. Autoimmunity 17(1):49-57. PubMed: 7517710 MGI: J:19862
Mori S; Nose M; Chiba M; Narita K; Kumagai M; Kosaka H; Teshima T. 1997. Enhancement of ectopic bone formation in mice with a deficit in Fas-mediated apoptosis. Pathol Int 47(2-3):112-6. PubMed: 9088029 MGI: J:41922
Morishima Y; Gotoh Y; Zieg J; Barrett T; Takano H; Flavell R; Davis RJ; Shirasaki Y; Greenberg ME. 2001. Beta-amyloid induces neuronal apoptosis via a mechanism that involves the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway and the induction of Fas ligand. J Neurosci 21(19):7551-60. PubMed: 11567045 MGI: J:124252
Morito N; Yoh K; Hirayama A; Itoh K; Nose M; Koyama A; Yamamoto M; Takahashi S. 2004. Nrf2 deficiency improves autoimmune nephritis caused by the fas mutation lpr. Kidney Int 65(5):1703-13. PubMed: 15086909 MGI: J:102219
Moroy T; Grzeschiczek A; Petzold S; Hartmann KU. 1993. Expression of a Pim-1 transgene accelerates lymphoproliferation and inhibits apoptosis in lpr/lpr mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90(22):10734-8. PubMed: 7504280 MGI: J:15594
Morris JE; Zobell S; Yin XT; Zakeri H; Summers BC; Leib DA; Stuart PM. 2012. Mice with mutations in Fas and Fas ligand demonstrate increased herpetic stromal keratitis following corneal infection with HSV-1. J Immunol 188(2):793-9. PubMed: 22156346 MGI: J:180882
Mountz JD; Baker TJ; Borcherding DR; Bluethmann H; Zhou T; Edwards CK 3rd. 1995. Increased susceptibility of fas mutant MRL-lpr/lpr mice to staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced septic shock. J Immunol 155(10):4829-37. PubMed: 7594485 MGI: J:29632
Mountz JD; Bluethmann H; Zhou T; Wu J. 1994. Defective clonal deletion and anergy induction in TCR transgenic lpr/lpr mice. Semin Immunol 6(1):27-37. PubMed: 8167304 MGI: J:19058
Mountz JD; Zhou T; Bluethmann H; Wu J; Edwards CK 3rd. 1994. Apoptosis defects analyzed in TcR transgenic and fas transgenic lpr mice. Int Rev Immunol 11(4):321-42. PubMed: 7528763 MGI: J:23201
Moyer CF; Jerome WG; Taylor R; Tulli H; Reinisch CL. 1992. Autoimmune vasculitis in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice: orthochromatic basophils participate in the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity angiitis. Autoimmunity 12(3):159-65. PubMed: 1343764 MGI: J:1643
Mukherjee R; Zhang Z; Zhong R; Yin ZQ; Roopenian DC; Jevnikar AM. 1996. Lupus nephritis in the absence of renal major histocompatibility complex class I and class II molecules. J Am Soc Nephrol 7(11):2445-52. PubMed: 8959638 MGI: J:39693
Murphy ED; Roths JB. 1978. A new congenic inbred strain, MRL/Mp. Mouse News Lett 58:51. MGI: J:13757
Murphy ED; Roths JB. 1978. Autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation: Induction by mutant gene lpr, and acceleration by a male-associated factor in strain BXSB mice. In: Genetic Control of Autoimmune Disease. Elsevier North Holland, Inc., Holland. MGI: J:28885
Murphy ED; Roths JB. 1978. Lymphoproliferation (lpr). Mouse News Lett 58:47. MGI: J:13747
Murray PD; McGavern DB; Lin X; Njenga MK; Leibowitz J; Pease LR; Rodriguez M. 1998. Perforin-dependent neurologic injury in a viral model of multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci 18(18):7306-14. PubMed: 9736651 MGI: J:120427
Musette P; Pannetier C; Gachelin G; Kourilsky P. 1994. The expansion of a CD4+ T cell population bearing a distinctive beta chain in MRL lpr/lpr mice suggests a role for the fas protein in peripheral T cell selection. Eur J Immunol 24(11):2761-6. PubMed: 7525303 MGI: J:21641
Nagata S. 1994. Mutations in the Fas antigen gene in lpr mice. Semin Immunol 6(1):3-8. PubMed: 7513193 MGI: J:19057
Nagata S; Watanabefukunaga R; Jenkins NA. 1993. The Fas antigen gene is the structural gene for murine lymphoproliferation mutation (lpr). In: Tumor Necrosis Factor: Molecular and Cellular Biology and Clinical Relevance. S Karger, Basel, Switzerland. MGI: J:14503
Nakagawa R; Nagafune I; Tazunoki Y; Ehara H; Tomura H; Iijima R; Motoki K; Kamishohara M; Seki S. 2001. Mechanisms of the antimetastatic effect in the liver and of the hepatocyte injury induced by alpha-galactosylceramide in mice. J Immunol 166(11):6578-84. PubMed: 11359810 MGI: J:69484
Nakatsuru S; Terada M; Nishihara M; Kamogawa J; Miyazaki T; Qu WM; Morimoto K; Yazawa C; Ogasawara H; Abe Y; Fukui K; Ichien G; Ito MR; Mori S; Nakamura Y; Nose M. 1999. Genetic dissection of the complex pathological manifestations of collagen disease in MRL/lpr mice. Pathol Int 49(11):974-82. PubMed: 10594844 MGI: J:78614
Nakaya M; Tajima M; Kosako H; Nakaya T; Hashimoto A; Watari K; Nishihara H; Ohba M; Komiya S; Tani N; Nishida M; Taniguchi H; Sato Y; Matsumoto M; Tsuda M; Kuroda M; Inoue K; Kurose H. 2013. GRK6 deficiency in mice causes autoimmune disease due to impaired apoptotic cell clearance. Nat Commun 4:1532. PubMed: 23443560 MGI: J:225063
Nakayama K; Nakayama K; Dustin LB; Loh DY. 1995. T-B cell interaction inhibits spontaneous apoptosis of mature lymphocytes in Bcl-2-deficient mice. J Exp Med 182(4):1101-9. PubMed: 7561683 MGI: J:110772
Nambu H; Yuge K; Shikata N; Tsubura A; Matsuzawa A. 1996. Fas-independent apoptosis of photoreceptor cells in C3H mice. Exp Anim 45(4):309-15. PubMed: 8902493 MGI: J:36218
Neff TA; Guo RF; Neff SB; Sarma JV; Speyer CL; Gao H; Bernacki KD; Huber-Lang M; McGuire S; Hoesel LM; Riedemann NC; Beck-Schimmer B; Zetoune FS; Ward PA. 2005. Relationship of Acute Lung Inflammatory Injury to Fas/FasL System. Am J Pathol 166(3):685-94. PubMed: 15743781 MGI: J:96722
Neubert K; Meister S; Moser K; Weisel F; Maseda D; Amann K; Wiethe C; Winkler TH; Kalden JR; Manz RA; Voll RE. 2008. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib depletes plasma cells and protects mice with lupus-like disease from nephritis. Nat Med 14(7):748-55. PubMed: 18542049 MGI: J:137718
Newton K; Harris AW; Bath ML; Smith KG; Strasser A. 1998. A dominant interfering mutant of FADD/MORT1 enhances deletion of autoreactive thymocytes and inhibits proliferation of mature T lymphocytes. EMBO J 17(3):706-18. PubMed: 9450996 MGI: J:110608
Newton K; Strasser A. 2000. Ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs induce apoptosis in lymphocytes in the absence of Fas or FADD/MORT1 signaling. Implications for cancer therapy. J Exp Med 191(1):195-200. PubMed: 10620618 MGI: J:59250
Nguyen LT; McKall-Faienza K; Zakarian A; Speiser DE; Mak TW; Ohashi PS. 2000. TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and CD95 are not required for T cell deletion after virus infection but contribute to peptide-induced deletion under limited conditions. Eur J Immunol 30(2):683-8. PubMed: 10671227 MGI: J:60374
Nguyen QD; Uy HS; Merchant A; Medina CA; Baltatzis S; Zhao T; Zhao ZS; Cantor H; Foster CS. 2001. Effect of Fas and Fas ligand deficiency in resistance of C57BL/6 mice to HSV-1 keratitis and chorioretinitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 42(11):2505-9. PubMed: 11581190 MGI: J:72055
Nickerson KM; Christensen SR; Cullen JL; Meng W; Luning Prak ET; Shlomchik MJ. 2013. TLR9 Promotes Tolerance by Restricting Survival of Anergic Anti-DNA B Cells, Yet Is Also Required for Their Activation. J Immunol 190(4):1447-56. PubMed: 23296704 MGI: J:193016
Nickerson KM; Christensen SR; Shupe J; Kashgarian M; Kim D; Elkon K; Shlomchik MJ. 2010. TLR9 regulates TLR7- and MyD88-dependent autoantibody production and disease in a murine model of lupus. J Immunol 184(4):1840-8. PubMed: 20089701 MGI: J:159472
Nickerson KM; Cullen JL; Kashgarian M; Shlomchik MJ. 2013. Exacerbated Autoimmunity in the Absence of TLR9 in MRL.Faslpr Mice Depends on Ifnar1. J Immunol 190(8):3889-94. PubMed: 23467932 MGI: J:194914
Nielsen DM; Crnic LS. 2002. Elevated Plus Maze Behavior, Auditory Startle Response, and Shock Sensitivity in Predisease and in Early Stage Autoimmune Disease MRL/lpr Mice. Brain Behav Immun 16(1):46-61. PubMed: 11846440 MGI: J:74558
Niesner U; Albrecht I; Janke M; Doebis C; Loddenkemper C; Lexberg MH; Eulenburg K; Kreher S; Koeck J; Baumgrass R; Bonhagen K; Kamradt T; Enghard P; Humrich JY; Rutz S; Schulze-Topphoff U; Aktas O; Bartfeld S; Radbruch H; Hegazy AN; Lohning M; Baumgart DC; Duchmann R; Rudwaleit M; Haupl T; Gitelman I; Krenn V; Gruen J; Sieper J; Zeitz M; Wiedenmann B; Zipp F; Hamann A; Janitz M; Scheffold A; Burmester GR; Chang HD; Radbruch A. 2008. Autoregulation of Th1-mediated inflammation by twist1. J Exp Med 205(8):1889-901. PubMed: 18663125 MGI: J:139533
Nishimura H; Nose M; Hiai H; Minato N; Honjo T. 1999. Development of lupus-like autoimmune diseases by disruption of the PD-1 gene encoding an ITIM motif-carrying immunoreceptor. Immunity 11(2):141-51. PubMed: 10485649 MGI: J:78802
Nishimura H; Strominger JL. 2006. Involvement of a tissue-specific autoantibody in skin disorders of murine systemic lupus erythematosus and autoinflammatory diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(9):3292-7. PubMed: 16492738 MGI: J:107174
Nishio H; Takase I; Fukunishi S; Takagi T; Tamura A; Miyazaki T; Suzuki K. 2005. Evidence for involvement of p59fyn in fasting-induced thymic involution. Scand J Immunol 62(2):103-7. PubMed: 16101815 MGI: J:114307
Njoku C; Self SE; Ruiz P; Hofbauer AF; Gilkeson GS; Oates JC. 2008. Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor SD-3651 reduces proteinuria in MRL/lpr mice deficient in the NOS2 gene. J Investig Med 56(7):911-9. PubMed: 18797415 MGI: J:205256
Noble A; Pestano GA; Cantor H. 1998. Suppression of immune responses by CD8 cells. I. Superantigen-activated CD8 cells induce unidirectional Fas-mediated apoptosis of antigen-activated CD4 cells. J Immunol 160(2):559-65. PubMed: 9551888 MGI: J:45187
Noel PJ; Boise LH; Green JM; Thompson CB. 1996. CD28 costimulation prevents cell death during primary T cell activation. J Immunol 157(2):636-42. PubMed: 8752911 MGI: J:110619
Norman MU; James WG; Hickey MJ. 2008. Differential roles of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in skin and brain of MRL/faslpr mice. J Leukoc Biol 84(1):68-76. PubMed: 18426970 MGI: J:137748
Nose M; Ito MR; Ono M; Terasaki S; Miyazawa M; Mori S. 1996. Vascular lesions in mice with a deficit in Fas-mediated apoptosis and their transfer. Int J Cardiol 54 Suppl:S35-S44. PubMed: 9119511 MGI: J:40111
Nose M; Nishimura M; Ito MR; Toh J; Shibata T; Sugisaki T. 1996. Arteritis in a novel congenic strain of mice derived from MRL/Lpr lupus mice: genetic dissociation from glomerulonephritis and limited autoantibody production. Am J Pathol 149(5):1763-9. PubMed: 8909264 MGI: J:36611
Nose M; Nishimura M; Kyogoku M. 1989. Analysis of granulomatous arteritis in MRL/Mp autoimmune disease mice bearing lymphoproliferative genes. The use of mouse genetics to dissociate the development of arteritis and glomerulonephritis. Am J Pathol 135(2):271-80. PubMed: 2782373 MGI: J:78609
Nose M; Terada M; Nishihara M; Kamogawa J; Miyazaki T; Mori S; Nishimura M; Wang Y; Kamoto T; Hiai H. 1998. Vasculitis-susceptible genes in mice with a deficit in Fas-mediated apoptosis. Int J Cardiol 66 Suppl 1:S37-41; discussion S43. PubMed: 9951801 MGI: J:55587
Nowak M; Kopp F; Roelofs-Haarhuis K; Wu X; Gleichmann E. 2006. Oral nickel tolerance: Fas ligand-expressing invariant NK T cells promote tolerance induction by eliciting apoptotic death of antigen-carrying, effete B cells. J Immunol 176(8):4581-9. PubMed: 16585548 MGI: J:131190
Nozaki Y; Kitching AR; Akiba H; Yagita H; Kinoshita K; Funauchi M; Matsumura I. 2014. Endogenous Tim-1 promotes severe systemic autoimmunity and renal disease MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 306(10):F1210-21. PubMed: 24623145 MGI: J:210882
O'Connor L; Harris AW; Strasser A. 2000. CD95 (Fas/APO-1) and p53 signal apoptosis independently in diverse cell types. Cancer Res 60(5):1217-20. PubMed: 10728678 MGI: J:61129
O'Donnell JA; Kennedy CL; Pellegrini M; Nowell CJ; Zhang JG; O'Reilly LA; Cengia L; Dias S; Masters SL; Hartland EL; Roberts AW; Gerlic M; Croker BA. 2015. Fas regulates neutrophil lifespan during viral and bacterial infection. J Leukoc Biol 97(2):321-6. PubMed: 25473101 MGI: J:220260
Odegard JM; DiPlacido LD; Greenwald L; Kashgarian M; Kono DH; Dong C; Flavell RA; Craft J. 2009. ICOS controls effector function but not trafficking receptor expression of kidney-infiltrating effector T cells in murine lupus. J Immunol 182(7):4076-84. PubMed: 19299705 MGI: J:147130
Ogawa A; Tagawa T; Nishimura H; Yajima T; Abe T; Arai T; Taniguchi M; Takeda K; Akira S; Nimura Y; Yoshikai Y. 2006. Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 are differentially involved in Fas dependent apoptosis in Peyer's patch and the liver at an early stage after bile duct ligation in mice. Gut 55(1):105-13. PubMed: 16118350 MGI: J:135830
Ohkusu K; Isobe K; Hidaka H; Nakashima I. 1995. Elucidation of the protein kinase C-dependent apoptosis pathway in distinct subsets of T lymphocytes in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Eur J Immunol 25(11):3180-6. PubMed: 7489761 MGI: J:29802
Ohnishi-Inoue Y; Yasumizu R; Sugiura K; Nagata N; Fan H; Oyaizu N; Inaba M; Toki J; Ikehara S. 1992. Functional analyses of lpr gene in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. Role of lymph node stromal cells in lpr-lymphadenopathy. Immunobiology 186(5):449-65. PubMed: 1286883 MGI: J:4032
Ohno T; Kobayashi F; Nishimura M. 2005. Fas has a role in cerebral malaria, but not in proliferation or exclusion of the murine parasite in mice. Immunogenetics 57(3-4):293-6. PubMed: 15900502 MGI: J:98532
Ohta A; Sekimoto M; Sato M; Koda T; Nishimura S; Iwakura Y; Sekikawa K; Nishimura T. 2000. Indispensable role for TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma at the effector phase of liver injury mediated by Th1 cells specific to hepatitis B virus surface antigen. J Immunol 165(2):956-61. PubMed: 10878371 MGI: J:120559
Ohta Y; Nishikawa A; Fukazawa Y; Urushitani H; Matsuzawa A; Nishina Y ; Iguchi T. 1996. Apoptosis in adult mouse testis induced by experimental cryptorchidism. Acta Anat (Basel) 157(3):195-204. PubMed: 9226038 MGI: J:41387
Ohteki T; Iwamoto M; Izui S; MacDonald HR. 1995. Reduced development of CD4-8-B220+ T cells but normal autoantibody production in lpr/lpr mice lacking major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Eur J Immunol 25(1):37-41. PubMed: 7531148 MGI: J:22495
Ohteki T; Seki S; Abo T; Kumagai K. 1990. Liver is a possible site for the proliferation of abnormal CD3+4-8- double-negative lymphocytes in autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice. J Exp Med 172(1):7-12. PubMed: 2141631 MGI: J:69561
Ohyama Y; Carroll VA; Deshmukh U; Gaskin F; Brown MG; Fu SM. 2006. Severe focal sialadenitis and dacryoadenitis in NZM2328 mice induced by MCMV: a novel model for human Sjogren's syndrome. J Immunol 177(10):7391-7. PubMed: 17082658 MGI: J:140610
Oishi H; Tsubaki T; Miyazaki T; Ono M; Nose M; Takahashi S. 2013. A Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Transgene with Polymorphic Cd72 Inhibits the Development of Glomerulonephritis and Vasculitis in MRL-Faslpr Lupus Mice. J Immunol 190(5):2129-37. PubMed: 23365086 MGI: J:193457
Okamura T; Sumitomo S; Morita K; Iwasaki Y; Inoue M; Nakachi S; Komai T; Shoda H; Miyazaki J; Fujio K; Yamamoto K. 2015. TGF-beta3-expressing CD4+CD25(-)LAG3+ regulatory T cells control humoral immune responses. Nat Commun 6:6329. PubMed: 25695838 MGI: J:221793
Onel KB; Tucek-Szabo CL; Ashany D; Lacy E; Nikolic-Zugic J; Elkon KB. 1995. Expression and function of the murine CD95/FasR/APO-1 receptor in relation to B cell ontogeny. Eur J Immunol 25(10):2940-7. PubMed: 7589095 MGI: J:29445
Onoe K; Iwabuchi K; Iwabuchi C; Tone S; Konishi J; Kawakami Y; Nishimura M; Onoe K. 2002. Enhanced complement sensitivity of NK-T cells in murine thymus and spleen associated with presence of serum immunoglobulin. Immunobiology 206(4):377-91. PubMed: 12437069 MGI: J:128196
Otsuka S; Konno A; Hashimoto Y; Sasaki N; Endoh D; Kon Y. 2008. Oocytes in newborn MRL mouse testes. Biol Reprod 79(1):9-16. PubMed: 18354036 MGI: J:140807
Oura R; Arakaki R; Yamada A; Kudo Y; Tanaka E; Hayashi Y; Ishimaru N. 2013. Induction of Rapid T Cell Death and Phagocytic Activity by Fas-Deficient lpr Macrophages. J Immunol 190(2):578-85. PubMed: 23255359 MGI: J:191713
Oya Y; Watanabe N; Kobayashi Y; Owada T; Oki M; Ikeda K; Suto A; Kagami S; Hirose K; Kishimoto T; Nakajima H. 2011. Lack of B and T lymphocyte attenuator exacerbates autoimmune disorders and induces Fas-independent liver injury in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Int Immunol 23(5):335-44. PubMed: 21521881 MGI: J:172190
Palacios R. 1984. Spontaneous production of interleukin 3 by T lymphocytes from autoimmune MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mice. Eur J Immunol 14(7):599-605. PubMed: 6430708 MGI: J:7504
Papiernik M; Pontoux C; Golstein P. 1995. Non-exclusive Fas control and age dependence of viral superantigen-induced clonal deletion in lupus-prone mice. Eur J Immunol 25(6):1517-23. PubMed: 7542196 MGI: J:27366
Park JM; Ng VH; Maeda S; Rest RF; Karin M. 2004. Anthrolysin O and other gram-positive cytolysins are toll-like receptor 4 agonists. J Exp Med 200(12):1647-55. PubMed: 15611291 MGI: J:95336
Paul E; Lutz J; Erikson J; Carroll MC. 2004. Germinal center checkpoints in B cell tolerance in 3H9 transgenic mice. Int Immunol 16(2):377-84. PubMed: 14734623 MGI: J:134695
Pearl-Yafe M; Yolcu ES; Stein J; Kaplan O; Shirwan H; Yaniv I; Askenasy N. 2007. Expression of Fas and Fas-ligand in donor hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is dissociated from the sensitivity to apoptosis. Exp Hematol 35(10):1601-12. PubMed: 17889725 MGI: J:126346
Peitsch MC; Hesterkamp T; Polzar B; Mannherz HG; Tschopp J. 1992. Functional characterisation of serum DNase I in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 186(2):739-45. PubMed: 1497662 MGI: J:1589
Pellegrini M; Belz G; Bouillet P; Strasser A. 2003. Shutdown of an acute T cell immune response to viral infection is mediated by the proapoptotic Bcl-2 homology 3-only protein Bim. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(24):14175-80. PubMed: 14623954 MGI: J:86700
Peng SL; Cappadona J; McNiff JM; Madaio MP; Owen MJ; Hayday AC; Craft J. 1998. Pathogenesis of autoimmunity in alphabeta T cell-deficient lupus-prone mice. Clin Exp Immunol 111(1):107-16. PubMed: 9472669 MGI: J:45448
Peng SL; Madaio MP; Hughes DP; Crispe IN; Owen MJ; Wen L; Hayday AC; Craft J. 1996. Murine lupus in the absence of alpha beta T cells. J Immunol 156(10):4041-9. PubMed: 8621947 MGI: J:32944
Peng SL; McNiff JM; Madaio MP; Ma J; Owen MJ; Flavell RA; Hayday AC ; Craft J. 1997. alpha beta T cell regulation and CD40 ligand dependence in murine systemic autoimmunity. J Immunol 158(5):2464-70. PubMed: 9036998 MGI: J:38492
Peng SL; Moslehi J; Craft J. 1997. Roles of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 in murine lupus. J Clin Invest 99(8):1936-46. PubMed: 9109438 MGI: J:39600
Peng SL; Moslehi J; Robert ME; Craft J. 1998. Perforin protects against autoimmunity in lupus-prone mice. J Immunol 160(2):652-60. PubMed: 9551899 MGI: J:45170
Peng SL; Robert ME; Hayday AC; Craft J. 1996. A tumor-suppressor function for Fas (CD95) revealed in T cell-deficient mice. J Exp Med 184(3):1149-54. PubMed: 9064331 MGI: J:35237
Perchellet A; Stromnes I; Pang JM; Goverman J. 2004. CD8+ T cells maintain tolerance to myelin basic protein by 'epitope theft'. Nat Immunol 5(6):606-14. PubMed: 15146180 MGI: J:90638
Perez de Lema G; Maier H; Nieto E; Vielhauer V; Luckow B; Mampaso F; Schlondorff D. 2001. Chemokine expression precedes inflammatory cell infiltration and chemokine receptor and cytokine expression during the initiation of murine lupus nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 12(7):1369-82. PubMed: 11423566 MGI: J:109873
Perkins DL; Listman JA; Marshak-Rothstein A; Kozlow W; Kelley VR; Finn PW; Rimm IJ. 1996. Restriction of the TCR repertoire inhibits the development of memory T cells and prevents autoimmunity in lpr mice. J Immunol 156(12):4961-8. PubMed: 8648148 MGI: J:33404
Piazzolla D; Meissl K; Kucerova L; Rubiolo C; Baccarini M. 2005. Raf-1 sets the threshold of Fas sensitivity by modulating Rok-{alpha} signaling. J Cell Biol 171(6):1013-22. PubMed: 16365167 MGI: J:104536
Pineda LL; Nakano A; Iijima M; Wada M; Yamasaki Y; Harada T. 2003. A new mutation, ataxia and male sterility (ams), of autoimmune-prone MRL/lpr mouse is not linked to lpr gene but associated with reduction of spleen size and alteration of lymphocyte subpopulations. Pathol Int 53(6):390-5. PubMed: 12787314 MGI: J:103944
Pisetsky DS; Klatt C; Dawson D; Roths JB. 1985. The influence of Yaa on anti-DNA responses of B6-lpr mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 37(3):369-76. PubMed: 3931946 MGI: J:109825
Poholek AC; Hansen K; Hernandez SG; Eto D; Chandele A; Weinstein JS; Dong X; Odegard JM; Kaech SM; Dent AL; Crotty S; Craft J. 2010. In vivo regulation of Bcl6 and T follicular helper cell development. J Immunol 185(1):313-26. PubMed: 20519643 MGI: J:161433
Potula HH; Xu Z; Zeumer L; Sang A; Croker BP; Morel L. 2012. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Cdkn2c deficiency promotes B1a cell expansion and autoimmunity in a mouse model of lupus. J Immunol 189(6):2931-40. PubMed: 22896639 MGI: J:189941
Poulin LF; Habran C; Stordeur P; Goldman M; McKenzie A; Van Snick J; Renauld JC; Braun MY. 2005. Interleukin-9 stimulates the production of interleukin-5 in CD4+ T cells. Eur Cytokine Netw 16(3):233-9. PubMed: 16266865 MGI: J:115764
Prazma CM; Yazawa N; Fujimoto Y; Fujimoto M; Tedder TF. 2007. CD83 expression is a sensitive marker of activation required for B cell and CD4+ T cell longevity in vivo. J Immunol 179(7):4550-62. PubMed: 17878352 MGI: J:152350
Priceputu E; Rodrigue I; Chrobak P; Poudrier J; Mak TW; Hanna Z; Hu C; Kay DG; Jolicoeur P. 2005. The Nef-mediated AIDS-like disease of CD4C/human immunodeficiency virus transgenic mice is associated with increased Fas/FasL expression on T cells and T-cell death but is not prevented in Fas-, FasL-, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1-, or interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme-deficient or Bcl2-expressing transgenic mice. J Virol 79(10):6377-91. PubMed: 15858021 MGI: J:98353
Priyadharshini B; Thornley TB; Daniels KA; Cuthbert A; Welsh RM; Greiner DL; Brehm MA. 2013. Alloreactive CD8 T cells rescued from apoptosis during co-stimulation blockade by Toll-like receptor stimulation remain susceptible to Fas-induced cell death. Immunology 138(4):322-32. PubMed: 23190301 MGI: J:198087
Prud'homme GJ; Kono DH; Theofilopoulos AN. 1995. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis reveals marked overexpression of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-1 and interferon-gamma mRNA in the lymph nodes of lupus-prone mice. Mol Immunol 32(7):495-503. PubMed: 7783752 MGI: J:26120
Qian C; Qian L; Yu Y; An H; Guo Z; Han Y; Chen Y; Bai Y; Wang Q; Cao X. 2013. Fas signal promotes the immunosuppressive function of regulatory dendritic cells via the ERK/beta-catenin pathway. J Biol Chem 288(39):27825-35. PubMed: 23943615 MGI: J:203852
Qian Y; Conway KL; Lu X; Seitz HM; Matsushima GK; Clarke SH. 2006. Autoreactive MZ and B-1 B-cell activation by Faslpr is coincident with an increased frequency of apoptotic lymphocytes and a defect in macrophage clearance. Blood 108(3):974-82. PubMed: 16861350 MGI: J:139196
Qingjuan L; Xiaojuan F; Wei Z; Chao W; Pengpeng K; Hongbo L; Sanbing Z; Jun H; Min Y; Shuxia L. 2016. miR-148a-3p overexpression contributes to glomerular cell proliferation by targeting PTEN in lupus nephritis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 310(6):C470-8. PubMed: 26791485 MGI: J:232640
Rafi AQ; Zeytun A; Bradley MJ; Sponenberg DP; Grayson RL; Nagarkatti M; Nagarkatti PS. 1998. Evidence for the involvement of Fas ligand and perforin in the induction of vascular leak syndrome. J Immunol 161(6):3077-86. PubMed: 9743374 MGI: J:112246
Rankin AL; Guay H; Herber D; Bertino SA; Duzanski TA; Carrier Y; Keegan S; Senices M; Stedman N; Ryan M; Bloom L; Medley Q; Collins M; Nickerson-Nutter C; Craft J; Young D; Dunussi-Joannopoulos K. 2012. IL-21 receptor is required for the systemic accumulation of activated B and T lymphocytes in MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr/lpr)/J mice. J Immunol 188(4):1656-67. PubMed: 22231702 MGI: J:181205
Rathmell JC; Goodnow CC. 1994. Effects of the lpr mutation on elimination and inactivation of self-reactive B cells. J Immunol 153(6):2831-42. PubMed: 8077685 MGI: J:20366
Ratkay LG; Tait B; Tonzetich J; Waterfield JD. 1994. Lpr and MRL background gene involvement in the control of adjuvant enhanced arthritis in MRL-lpr mice. J Autoimmun 7(5):561-73. PubMed: 7530961 MGI: J:20844
Ratkay LG; Zhang D; Tonzetich J; Levy JG; Waterfield JD. 1994. Evaluation of a model for post-partum arthritis and the role of oestrogen in prevention of MRL-lpr associated rheumatic conditions. Clin Exp Immunol 98(1):52-9. PubMed: 7923884 MGI: J:21997
Ratkay LG; Zhang L; Tonzetich J; Waterfield JD. 1993. Complete Freund's adjuvant induces an earlier and more severe arthritis in MRL-lpr mice. J Immunol 151(9):5081-7. PubMed: 8409458 MGI: J:15211
Ravishankar B; Liu H; Shinde R; Chandler P; Baban B; Tanaka M; Munn DH; Mellor AL; Karlsson MC; McGaha TL. 2012. Tolerance to apoptotic cells is regulated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(10):3909-14. PubMed: 22355111 MGI: J:182142
Raycroft MT; Harvey BP; Bruck MJ; Mamula MJ. 2012. Inhibition of antigen trafficking through scavenger receptor A. J Biol Chem 287(8):5310-6. PubMed: 22215667 MGI: J:182435
Reap EA; Felix NJ; Wolthusen PA; Kotzin BL; Cohen PL; Eisenberg RA. 1995. bcl-2 transgenic Lpr mice show profound enhancement of lymphadenopathy. J Immunol 155(11):5455-62. PubMed: 7594564 MGI: J:29877
Reap EA; Leslie D; Abrahams M; Eisenberg RA; Cohen PL. 1995. Apoptosis abnormalities of splenic lymphocytes in autoimmune lpr and gld mice. J Immunol 154(2):936-43. PubMed: 7529292 MGI: J:22234
Reap EA; Piecyk ML; Oliver A; Sobel ES; Waldschmidt T; Cohen PL; Eisenberg RA. 1996. Phenotypic abnormalities of splenic and bone marrow B cells in lpr and gld mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 78(1):21-9. PubMed: 8599880 MGI: J:31456
Reap EA; Sobel ES; Cohen PL; Eisenberg RA. 1993. Conventional B cells, not B-1 cells, are responsible for producing autoantibodies in lpr mice. J Exp Med 177(1):69-78. PubMed: 8418209 MGI: J:3483
Reardon C; Wang A; McKay DM. 2008. Transient local depletion of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells during recovery from colitis via Fas/Fas ligand-induced death. J Immunol 180(12):8316-26. PubMed: 18523298 MGI: J:137135
Reddy P; Teshima T; Kukuruga M; Ordemann R; Liu C; Lowler K; Ferrara JL. 2001. Interleukin-18 regulates acute graft-versus-host disease by enhancing Fas-mediated donor T cell apoptosis. J Exp Med 194(10):1433-40. PubMed: 11714750 MGI: J:114012
Redmond WL; Wei CH; Kreuwel HT; Sherman LA. 2008. The apoptotic pathway contributing to the deletion of naive CD8 T cells during the induction of peripheral tolerance to a cross-presented self-antigen. J Immunol 180(8):5275-82. PubMed: 18390708 MGI: J:134242
Rehg JE; Sundberg JP. 2008. Utility of antiPax5 in the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders and neoplasia in mice. Comp Med 58(3):246-52. PubMed: 18589866 MGI: J:140432
Reilly CM; Olgun S; Goodwin D; Gogal RM Jr; Santo A; Romesburg JW; Ahmed SA; Gilkeson GS. 2006. Interferon regulatory factor-1 gene deletion decreases glomerulonephritis in MRL/lpr mice. Eur J Immunol 36(5):1296-308. PubMed: 16541466 MGI: J:114771
Reinke V; Lozano G. 1997. The p53 targets mdm2 and Fas are not required as mediators of apoptosis in vivo. Oncogene 15(13):1527-34. PubMed: 9380404 MGI: J:43292
Rice RH; Bradshaw KM; Durbin-Johnson BP; Rocke DM; Eigenheer RA; Phinney BS; Sundberg JP. 2012. Differentiating inbred mouse strains from each other and those with single gene mutations using hair proteomics. PLoS One 7(12):e51956. PubMed: 23251662 MGI: J:195664
Richard EM; Thiyagarajan T; Bunni MA; Basher F; Roddy PO; Siskind LJ; Nietert PJ; Nowling TK. 2013. Reducing FLI1 levels in the MRL/lpr lupus mouse model impacts T cell function by modulating glycosphingolipid metabolism. PLoS One 8(9):e75175. PubMed: 24040398 MGI: J:207547
Rifkin IR; Channavajhala PL; Kiefer HL; Carmack AJ; Landesman-Bollag E; Beaudette BC; Jersky B; Salant DJ; Ju ST; Marshak-Rothstein A; Seldin DC. 1998. Acceleration of lpr lymphoproliferative and autoimmune disease by transgenic protein kinase CK2 alpha. J Immunol 161(10):5164-70. PubMed: 9820486 MGI: J:52779
Rifkin IR; Leadbetter EA; Beaudette BC; Kiani C; Monestier M; Shlomchik MJ; Marshak-Rothstein A. 2000. Immune complexes present in the sera of autoimmune mice activate rheumatoid factor B cells. J Immunol 165(3):1626-33. PubMed: 10903773 MGI: J:120480
Rivas MN; Hazzan M; Weatherly K; Gaudray F; Salmon I; Braun MY. 2010. NK cell regulation of CD4 T cell-mediated graft-versus-host disease. J Immunol 184(12):6790-8. PubMed: 20488796 MGI: J:161128
Rivkin AZ; Palacios SD; Pak K; Bennett T; Ryan AF. 2005. The role of Fas-mediated apoptosis in otitis media: observations in the lpr/lpr mouse. Hear Res 207(1-2):110-6. PubMed: 15978756 MGI: J:100944
Roark JH; Kuntz CL; Nguyen KA; Mandik L; Cattermole M; Erikson J. 1995. B cell selection and allelic exclusion of an anti-DNA Ig transgene in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 154(9):4444-55. PubMed: 7722301 MGI: J:24962
Robey IF; Peterson M; Horwitz MS; Kono DH; Stratmann T; Theofilopoulos AN; Sarvetnick N; Teyton L; Feeney AJ. 2004. Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase deficiency decreases autoimmune disease in diabetes-prone nonobese diabetic mice and lupus-prone MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. J Immunol 172(7):4624-9. PubMed: 15034081 MGI: J:88719
Robinson RT; Wang J; Cripps JG; Milks MW; English KA; Pearson TA; Gorham JD. 2009. End-organ damage in a mouse model of fulminant liver inflammation requires CD4+ T cell production of IFN-gamma but is independent of Fas. J Immunol 182(5):3278-84. PubMed: 19234226 MGI: J:146230
Rodriguez EM; Hooghe RJ; Loor F. 1990. Reciprocal lymphoid cell homing studies using wild and LPR (lymphoproliferation) mutant C57BL mice. Autoimmunity 5(3):195-203. PubMed: 2129752 MGI: J:636
Rogge M; Yin XT; Godfrey L; Lakireddy P; Potter CA; Del Rosso CR; Stuart PM. 2015. Therapeutic Use of Soluble Fas Ligand Ameliorates Acute and Recurrent Herpetic Stromal Keratitis in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 56(11):6377-86. PubMed: 26444718 MGI: J:231062
Rommler F; Jurk M; Uhlmann E; Hammel M; Waldhuber A; Pfeiffer L; Wagner H; Vollmer J; Miethke T. 2013. Guanine modification of inhibitory oligonucleotides potentiates their suppressive function. J Immunol 191(6):3240-53. PubMed: 23966630 MGI: J:205855
Rosenblatt N; Hartmann KU; Loor F. 1994. The Yaa mutation induces the development of autoimmunity in mice heterozygous for the gld (generalized lymphadenopathy disease) mutation. Cell Immunol 156(2):519-28. PubMed: 8025960 MGI: J:19169
Rotolo JA; Stancevic B; Lu SX; Zhang J; Suh D; King CG; Kappel LW; Murphy GF; Liu C; Fuks Z; van den Brink MR; Kolesnick R. 2009. Cytolytic T cells induce ceramide-rich platforms in target cell membranes to initiate graft-versus-host disease. Blood 114(17):3693-706. PubMed: 19666872 MGI: J:154080
Roundy KM; Weis JJ; Weis JH. 2009. Deletion of putative intronic control sequences does not alter cell or stage specific expression of Cr2. Mol Immunol 47(2-3):517-25. PubMed: 19740539 MGI: J:155241
Rowley DA; Becken ET; Stach RM. 1995. Autoantibodies produced spontaneously by young 1pr mice carry transforming growth factor beta and suppress cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. J Exp Med 181(5):1875-80. PubMed: 7722461 MGI: J:24955
Rozzo SJ; Eisenberg RA; Cohen PL; Kotzin BL. 1994. Development of the T cell receptor repertoire in lpr mice. Semin Immunol 6(1):19-26. PubMed: 8167303 MGI: J:19059
Rubio CF; Kench J; Russell DM; Yawger R; Nemazee D. 1996. Analysis of central B cell tolerance in autoimmune-prone MRL/lpr mice bearing autoantibody transgenes. J Immunol 157(1):65-71. PubMed: 8683157 MGI: J:107233
Rubiolo C; Piazzolla D; Meissl K; Beug H; Huber JC; Kolbus A; Baccarini M. 2006. A balance between Raf-1 and Fas expression sets the pace of erythroid differentiation. Blood 108(1):152-9. PubMed: 16527894 MGI: J:135681
Rudiger HA; Clavien PA. 2002. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, but not Fas, mediates hepatocellular apoptosis in the murine ischemic liver. Gastroenterology 122(1):202-10. PubMed: 11781294 MGI: J:73631
Russell JH; Rush B; Weaver C; Wang R. 1993. Mature T cells of autoimmune lpr/lpr mice have a defect in antigen-stimulated suicide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90(10):4409-13. PubMed: 8506280 MGI: J:11857
Ryu JH; Shin Y; Huh YH; Yang S; Chun CH; Chun JS. 2012. Hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha regulates Fas-mediated chondrocyte apoptosis during osteoarthritic cartilage destruction. Cell Death Differ 19(3):440-50. PubMed: 21869830 MGI: J:203615
Sabelko-Downes KA; Cross AH; Russell JH. 1999. Dual role for Fas ligand in the initiation of and recovery from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Exp Med 189(8):1195-205. PubMed: 10209037 MGI: J:54478
Saint Fleur S; Hoshino A; Kondo K; Egawa T; Fujii H. 2009. Regulation of Fas-mediated immune homeostasis by an activation-induced protein, Cyclon. Blood 114(7):1355-65. PubMed: 19528538 MGI: J:151722
Saito K; Kukita K; Kutomi G; Okuya K; Asanuma H; Tabeya T; Naishiro Y; Yamamoto M; Takahashi H; Torigoe T; Nakai A; Shinomura Y; Hirata K; Sato N; Tamura Y. 2015. Heat shock protein 90 associates with Toll-like receptors 7/9 and mediates self-nucleic acid recognition in SLE. Eur J Immunol 45(7):2028-41. PubMed: 25871979 MGI: J:229693
Sakai K; Nomura T; Ina Y. 2006. Enhancement of bio-protective functions by low dose/dose-rate radiation. Dose Response 4(4):327-32. PubMed: 18648588 MGI: J:140414
Sakic B; Kolb B; Whishaw IQ; Gorny G; Szechtman H; Denburg JA. 2000. Immunosuppression prevents neuronal atrophy in lupus-prone mice: evidence for brain damage induced by autoimmune disease? J Neuroimmunol 111(1-2):93-101. PubMed: 11063826 MGI: J:109885
Sakic B; Maric I; Koeberle PD; Millward JM; Szechtman H; Maric D; Denburg JA. 2000. Increased TUNEL staining in brains of autoimmune fas-deficient mice J Neuroimmunol 104(2):147-54. PubMed: 10713354 MGI: J:61283
Samanta H; Pravtcheva DD; Ruddle FH; Lengyel P. 1984. Chromosomal location of mouse gene 202 which is induced by interferons and specifies a 56.5 kD protein. J Interferon Res 4(2):295-300. PubMed: 6205102 MGI: J:7514
Samuelson EM; Laird RM; Papillion AM; Tatum AH; Princiotta MF; Hayes SM. 2014. Reduced B lymphoid kinase (Blk) expression enhances proinflammatory cytokine production and induces nephrosis in C57BL/6-lpr/lpr mice. PLoS One 9(3):e92054. PubMed: 24637841 MGI: J:215083
Sangaletti S; Tripodo C; Vitali C; Portararo P; Guarnotta C; Casalini P; Cappetti B; Miotti S; Pinciroli P; Fuligni F; Fais F; Piccaluga PP; Colombo MP. 2014. Defective stromal remodeling and neutrophil extracellular traps in lymphoid tissues favor the transition from autoimmunity to lymphoma. Cancer Discov 4(1):110-29. PubMed: 24189145 MGI: J:209001
Santiago-Raber ML; Haraldsson MK; Theofilopoulos AN; Kono DH. 2007. Characterization of reciprocal Lmb1-4 interval MRL-Faslpr and C57BL/6-Faslpr congenic mice reveals significant effects from Lmb3. J Immunol 178(12):8195-202. PubMed: 17548658 MGI: J:125557
Sasaki S; Nagai Y; Yanagibashi T; Watanabe Y; Ikutani M; Kariyone A; Tsuneyama K; Hirai Y; Takatsu K. 2012. Serum soluble MD-1 levels increase with disease progression in autoimmune prone MRL(lpr/lpr) mice. Mol Immunol 49(4):611-20. PubMed: 22118968 MGI: J:181374
Sata M; Hirata Y; Nagai R. 2002. Role of Fas/Fas ligand interaction in ischemia-induced collateral vessel growth. Hypertens Res 25(4):577-82. PubMed: 12358144 MGI: J:106187
Satoh M; Weintraub JP; Yoshida H; Shaheen VM; Richards HB; Shaw M; Reeves WH. 2000. Fas and Fas ligand mutations inhibit autoantibody production in pristane-induced lupus. J Immunol 165(2):1036-43. PubMed: 10878381 MGI: J:120496
Savinov AY; Tcherepanov A; Green EA; Flavell RA; Chervonsky AV. 2003. Contribution of Fas to diabetes development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(2):628-32. PubMed: 12525697 MGI: J:81416
Sawalha AH; Jeffries M. 2007. Defective DNA methylation and CD70 overexpression in CD4+ T cells in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice. Eur J Immunol 37(5):1407-13. PubMed: 17429846 MGI: J:123548
Schneider E; Moreau G; Arnould A; Vasseur F; Khodabaccus N; Dy M; Ezine S. 1999. Increased fetal and extramedullary hematopoiesis in Fas-deficient C57BL/6-lpr/lpr mice. Blood 94(8):2613-21. PubMed: 10515865 MGI: J:58121
Schneider E; Tonanny MB; Lisbonne M; Leite-de-Moraes M; Dy M. 2004. Pro-Th1 cytokines promote Fas-dependent apoptosis of immature peripheral basophils. J Immunol 172(9):5262-8. PubMed: 15100264 MGI: J:89642
Schumann DM; Maedler K; Franklin I; Konrad D; Storling J; Boni-Schnetzler M; Gjinovci A; Kurrer MO; Gauthier BR; Bosco D; Andres A; Berney T; Greter M; Becher B; Chervonsky AV; Halban PA; Mandrup-Poulsen T; Wollheim CB; Donath MY. 2007. The Fas pathway is involved in pancreatic beta cell secretory function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(8):2861-6. PubMed: 17299038 MGI: J:125892
Schumann J; Angermuller S; Bang R; Lohoff M; Tiegs G. 1998. Acute hepatotoxicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A in mice depends on T cells and TNF. J Immunol 161(10):5745-54. PubMed: 9820556 MGI: J:50903
Schwarting A; Moore K; Wada T; Tesch G; Yoon HJ; Kelley VR. 1998. IFN-gamma limits macrophage expansion in MRL-Fas(lpr) autoimmune interstitial nephritis: a negative regulatory pathway. J Immunol 160(8):4074-81. PubMed: 9558118 MGI: J:111003
Schwarting A; Paul K; Tschirner S; Menke J; Hansen T; Brenner W; Kelley VR; Relle M; Galle PR. 2005. Interferon-beta: a therapeutic for autoimmune lupus in MRL-Faslpr mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 16(11):3264-72. PubMed: 16221871 MGI: J:116824
Schwarting A; Tesch G; Kinoshita K; Maron R; Weiner HL; Kelley VR. 1999. IL-12 drives IFN-gamma-dependent autoimmune kidney disease in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. J Immunol 163(12):6884-91. PubMed: 10586090 MGI: J:58989
Schwarting A; Wada T; Kinoshita K; Tesch G; Kelley VR. 1998. IFN-gamma receptor signaling is essential for the initiation, acceleration, and destruction of autoimmune kidney disease in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. J Immunol 161(1):494-503. PubMed: 9647261 MGI: J:110886
Seagal J; Edry E; Naftali H; Melamed D. 2004. Generation and selection of an IgG-driven autoimmune repertoire during B-lymphopoiesis in Igmicro-deficient/lpr mice. Int Immunol 16(7):905-13. PubMed: 15148286 MGI: J:90752
Seagal J; Leider N; Wildbaum G; Karin N; Melamed D. 2003. Increased plasma cell frequency and accumulation of abnormal syndecan-1plus T-cells in Igmu-deficient/lpr mice. Int Immunol 15(9):1045-52. PubMed: 12917256 MGI: J:85222
Seagal J; Melamed D. 2004. Contribution of alphabeta and gammadelta T cells to the generation of primary immunoglobulin G-driven autoimmune response in immunoglobulin- mu-deficient/lpr mice. Immunology 112(2):265-73. PubMed: 15147570 MGI: J:90503
Sedger LM; Hou S; Osvath SR; Glaccum MB; Peschon JJ; van Rooijen N; Hyland L. 2002. Bone marrow B cell apoptosis during in vivo influenza virus infection requires TNF-alpha and lymphotoxin-alpha. J Immunol 169(11):6193-201. PubMed: 12444124 MGI: J:118778
Seedhom MO; Mathurin KS; Kim SK; Welsh RM. 2012. Increased protection from vaccinia virus infection in mice genetically prone to lymphoproliferative disorders. J Virol 86(11):6010-22. PubMed: 22438562 MGI: J:186091
Seino K; Kayagaki N; Bashuda H; Okumura K; Yagita H. 1996. Contribution of Fas ligand to cardiac allograft rejection. Int Immunol 8(9):1347-54. PubMed: 8921411 MGI: J:42521
Sekine H; Ferreira RC; Pan-Hammarstrom Q; Graham RR; Ziemba B; de Vries SS; Liu J; Hippen K; Koeuth T; Ortmann W; Iwahori A; Elliott MK; Offer S; Skon C; Du L; Novitzke J; Lee AT; Zhao N; Tompkins JD; Altshuler D; Gregersen PK; Cunningham-Rundles C; Harris RS; Her C; Nelson DL; Hammarstrom L; Gilkeson GS; Behrens TW. 2007. Role for Msh5 in the regulation of Ig class switch recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(17):7193-8. PubMed: 17409188 MGI: J:120876
Sekine H; Graham KL; Zhao S; Elliott MK; Ruiz P; Utz PJ; Gilkeson GS. 2006. Role of MHC-linked genes in autoantigen selection and renal disease in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 177(10):7423-34. PubMed: 17082662 MGI: J:140609
Sekine H; Reilly CM; Molano ID; Garnier G; Circolo A; Ruiz P; Holers VM; Boackle SA; Gilkeson GS. 2001. Complement component C3 is not required for full expression of immune complex glomerulonephritis in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 166(10):6444-51. PubMed: 11342671 MGI: J:124517
Selvaggi G; Ricordi C; Podack ER; Inverardi L. 1996. The role of the perforin and Fas pathways of cytotoxicity in skin graft rejection. Transplantation 62(12):1912-5. PubMed: 8990386 MGI: J:37400
Seo SJ; Fields ML; Buckler JL; Reed AJ; Mandik-Nayak L; Nish SA; Noelle RJ; Turka LA; Finkelman FD; Caton AJ; Erikson J. 2002. The impact of T helper and T regulatory cells on the regulation of anti-double-stranded DNA B cells. Immunity 16(4):535-46. PubMed: 11970877 MGI: J:132263
Shan H; Shlomchik MJ; Marshak-Rothstein A; Pisetsky DS; Litwin S; Weigert MG. 1994. The mechanism of autoantibody production in an autoimmune MRL/lpr mouse. J Immunol 153(11):5104-20. PubMed: 7525723 MGI: J:21647
Shanker A; Brooks AD; Jacobsen KM; Wine JW; Wiltrout RH; Yagita H; Sayers TJ. 2009. Antigen presented by tumors in vivo determines the nature of CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity. Cancer Res 69(16):6615-23. PubMed: 19654302 MGI: J:151764
Shanks N; Moore PM; Perks P; Lightman SL. 1999. Alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function correlated with the onset of murine SLE in MRL +/+ and lpr/lpr mice. Brain Behav Immun 13(4):348-60. PubMed: 10600221 MGI: J:58721
Sharma R; Deshmukh US; Zheng L; Fu SM; Ju ST. 2009. X-linked Foxp3 (Scurfy) mutation dominantly inhibits submandibular gland development and inflammation respectively through adaptive and innate immune mechanisms. J Immunol 183(5):3212-8. PubMed: 19648271 MGI: J:151870
Sharma R; Sung SS; Abaya CE; Ju AC; Fu SM; Ju ST. 2009. IL-2 regulates CD103 expression on CD4+ T cells in Scurfy mice that display both CD103-dependent and independent inflammation. J Immunol 183(2):1065-73. PubMed: 19553521 MGI: J:151408
Sharma S; Campbell AM; Chan J; Schattgen SA; Orlowski GM; Nayar R; Huyler AH; Nundel K; Mohan C; Berg LJ; Shlomchik MJ; Marshak-Rothstein A; Fitzgerald KA. 2015. Suppression of systemic autoimmunity by the innate immune adaptor STING. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112(7):E710-7. PubMed: 25646421 MGI: J:220010
Sharma V; Delgado M; Ganea D. 2006. Granzyme B, a new player in activation-induced cell death, is down-regulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide in Th2 but not Th1 effectors. J Immunol 176(1):97-110. PubMed: 16365400 MGI: J:126251
Sharov AA; Siebenhaar F; Sharova TY; Botchkareva NV; Gilchrest BA; Botchkarev VA. 2004. Fas signaling is involved in the control of hair follicle response to chemotherapy. Cancer Res 64(17):6266-70. PubMed: 15342414 MGI: J:92411
Shi L; Bian Z; Chen CX; Guo YN; Lv Z; Zeng C; Liu Z; Zen K; Liu Y. 2015. CD47 deficiency ameliorates autoimmune nephritis in Fas(lpr) mice by suppressing IgG autoantibody production. J Pathol 237(3):285-95. PubMed: 26095930 MGI: J:226196
Shibata T; Berney T; Spertini F; Izui S. 1992. Rheumatoid factors in mice bearing the lpr or gld mutation. Selective production of rheumatoid factor cryoglobulins in MRL/MPJ-lpr/lpr mice [see comments] Clin Exp Immunol 87(2):190-5. PubMed: 1735182 MGI: J:1662
Shimizu M; Sekine K; Matsuzawa A; Iwaguchi T. 1992. Cell electrophoretic characterization of abnormally expanded lymphocytes in autoimmune lprcg, lpr, gld and Yaa mice, and of thymocyte subsets. Electrophoresis 13(3):136-42. PubMed: 1592043 MGI: J:2361
Shimizu S; Sugiyama N; Masutani K; Sadanaga A; Miyazaki Y; Inoue Y; Akahoshi M; Katafuchi R; Hirakata H; Harada M; Hamano S; Nakashima H; Yoshida H. 2005. Membranous glomerulonephritis development with Th2-type immune deviations in MRL/lpr mice deficient for IL-27 receptor (WSX-1). J Immunol 175(11):7185-92. PubMed: 16301622 MGI: J:122148
Shirai A; Aoki I; Otani M; Mond JJ; Klinman DM. 1994. Treatment with dextran-conjugated anti-IgD delays the development of autoimmunity in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 153(4):1889-94. PubMed: 7519219 MGI: J:19687
Shlomchik MJ; Madaio MP; Ni D; Trounstein M; Huszar D. 1994. The role of B cells in lpr/lpr-induced autoimmunity. J Exp Med 180(4):1295-306. PubMed: 7931063 MGI: J:20688
Siggs OM; Arnold CN; Huber C; Pirie E; Xia Y; Lin P; Nemazee D; Beutler B. 2011. The P4-type ATPase ATP11C is essential for B lymphopoiesis in adult bone marrow. Nat Immunol 12(5):434-40. PubMed: 21423172 MGI: J:171925
Siggs OM; Popkin DL; Krebs P; Li X; Tang M; Zhan X; Zeng M; Lin P; Xia Y; Oldstone MB; Cornall RJ; Beutler B. 2015. Mutation of the ER retention receptor KDELR1 leads to cell-intrinsic lymphopenia and a failure to control chronic viral infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A :. PubMed: 26438836 MGI: J:224970
Siggs OM; Schnabl B; Webb B; Beutler B. 2011. X-linked cholestasis in mouse due to mutations of the P4-ATPase ATP11C. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(19):7890-5. PubMed: 21518881 MGI: J:172799
Singer GG; Abbas AK. 1994. The fas antigen is involved in peripheral but not thymic deletion of T lymphocytes in T cell receptor transgenic mice. Immunity 1(5):365-71. PubMed: 7533645 MGI: J:25011
Singh N; Yamamoto M; Takami M; Seki Y; Takezaki M; Mellor AL; Iwashima M. 2010. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells resist a novel form of CD28- and Fas-dependent p53-induced T cell apoptosis. J Immunol 184(1):94-104. PubMed: 19949106 MGI: J:159002
Singh RR; Saxena V; Zang S; Li L; Finkelman FD; Witte DP; Jacob CO. 2003. Differential contribution of IL-4 and STAT6 vs STAT4 to the development of lupus nephritis. J Immunol 170(9):4818-25. PubMed: 12707364 MGI: J:123824
Smith DJ; McGuire MJ; Tocci MJ; Thiele DL. 1997. IL-1 beta convertase (ICE) does not play a requisite role in apoptosis induced in T lymphoblasts by Fas-dependent or Fas-independent CTL effector mechanisms. J Immunol 158(1):163-70. PubMed: 8977187 MGI: J:110640
Smith KG; Nossal GJ; Tarlinton DM. 1995. FAS is highly expressed in the germinal center but is not required for regulation of the B-cell response to antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92(25):11628-32. PubMed: 8524817 MGI: J:30157
Sobel ES; Yokoyama WM; Shevach EM; Eisenberg RA; Cohen PL. 1993. Aberrant expression of the very early activation antigen on MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr lymphocytes. J Immunol 150(2):673-82. PubMed: 8380429 MGI: J:3652
Soguero C; Joo M; Chianese-Bullock KA; Nguyen DT; Tung K; Hahn YS. 2002. Hepatitis C virus core protein leads to immune suppression and liver damage in a transgenic murine model. J Virol 76(18):9345-54. PubMed: 12186917 MGI: J:132799
Song J; Sapi E; Brown W; Nilsen J; Tartaro K; Kacinski BM; Craft J; Naftolin F; Mor G. 2000. Roles of Fas and Fas ligand during mammary gland remodeling. J Clin Invest 106(10):1209-20. PubMed: 11086022 MGI: J:115110
Srivatsan S; Peng SL. 2005. Cutting edge: Foxj1 protects against autoimmunity and inhibits thymocyte egress. J Immunol 175(12):7805-9. PubMed: 16339515 MGI: J:122222
Steinberg AD. 1994. MRL-lpr/lpr disease: theories meet Fas. Semin Immunol 6(1):55-69. PubMed: 7513194 MGI: J:19054
Steinberg EB; Santoro TJ; Chused TM; Smathers PA; Steinberg AD. 1983. Studies of congenic MRL-Ipr/Ipr.xid mice. J Immunol 131(6):2789-95. PubMed: 6605990 MGI: J:7247
Steinmetz OM; Turner JE; Paust HJ; Lindner M; Peters A; Heiss K; Velden J; Hopfer H; Fehr S; Krieger T; Meyer-Schwesinger C; Meyer TN; Helmchen U; Mittrucker HW; Stahl RA; Panzer U. 2009. CXCR3 mediates renal Th1 and Th17 immune response in murine lupus nephritis. J Immunol 183(7):4693-704. PubMed: 19734217 MGI: J:152790
Strasser A; Harris AW; Huang DC; Krammer PH; Cory S. 1995. Bcl-2 and Fas/APO-1 regulate distinct pathways to lymphocyte apoptosis. EMBO J 14(24):6136-47. PubMed: 8557033 MGI: J:31382
Stuart PM; Yin X; Plambeck S; Pan F; Ferguson TA. 2005. The role of Fas ligand as an effector molecule in corneal graft rejection. Eur J Immunol 35(9):2591-7. PubMed: 16114107 MGI: J:113493
Su X; Hu Q; Kristan JM; Costa C; Shen Y; Gero D; Matis LA; Wang Y. 2000. Significant role for Fas in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. J Immunol 164(5):2523-32. PubMed: 10679090 MGI: J:127009
Su X; Zhou T; Yang PA; Wang Z; Mountz JD. 1996. Hematopoietic cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase-deficient motheaten mice exhibit T cell apoptosis defect. J Immunol 156(11):4198-208. PubMed: 8666788 MGI: J:110824
Sun M; Lee S; Karray S; Levi-Strauss M; Ames KT; Fink PJ. 2007. Cutting edge: two distinct motifs within the Fas ligand tail regulate Fas ligand-mediated costimulation. J Immunol 179(9):5639-43. PubMed: 17947633 MGI: J:153015
Sundblad A; Coutinho A. 1996. B-lineage cell deficits in bone marrow of lpr/lpr mice. Int Immunol 8(2):247-54. PubMed: 8671610 MGI: J:31438
Suzuki A; Matsuzawa A; Iguchi T. 1996. Down regulation of Bcl-2 is the first step on Fas-mediated apoptosis of male reproductive tract. Oncogene 13(1):31-7. PubMed: 8700551 MGI: J:34351
Suzuki A; Tsutomi Y; Shimizu M; Matsuzawa A. 1999. Another cell death induction system: TNF-alpha acts as a ligand for Fas in vaginal cells. Cell Death Differ 6(7):638-43. PubMed: 10453074 MGI: J:114219
Suzuki H; Yasukawa K; Saito T; Narazaki M; Hasegawa A; Taga T; Kishimoto T. 1993. Serum soluble interleukin-6 receptor in MRL/lpr mice is elevated with age and mediates the interleukin-6 signal. Eur J Immunol 23(5):1078-82. PubMed: 8477802 MGI: J:4970
Sverremark E; Rietz C; Fernandez C. 2000. Kappa-deficient mice are non-responders to dextran B512: is this unresponsiveness due to specialization of the kappa and lambda Ig repertoires? Int Immunol 12(4):431-8. PubMed: 10744644 MGI: J:110535
Tada Y; Nagasawa K; Ho A; Morito F; Koarada S; Ushiyama O; Suzuki N; Ohta A; Mak TW. 1999. Role of the costimulatory molecule CD28 in the development of lupus in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 163(6):3153-9. PubMed: 10477582 MGI: J:57601
Taguchi N; Hashimoto Y; Naiki M; Farr AG; Boyd RL; Ansari AA; Shultz LD; Kotzin BL; Dorshkind K; Ikehara S; Gershwin ME. 1999. Abnormal thymic expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EP-CAM) in New Zealand Black (NZB) mice. J Autoimmun 13(4):393-404. PubMed: 10585755 MGI: J:59174
Takahashi K; Kozono Y; Waldschmidt TJ; Berthiaume D; Quigg RJ ; Baron A ; Holers VM. 1997. Mouse complement receptors type 1 (CR1;CD35) and type 2 (CR2;CD21): expression on normal B cell subpopulations and decreased levels during the development of autoimmunity in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 159(3):1557-69. PubMed: 9233655 MGI: J:41628
Takahashi N; Kakinuma H; Hamada K; Shimazaki K; Yamasaki Y; Matsushita H; Nishi Y. 2000. Improved generation of catalytic antibodies by MRL/MPJ-lpr/lpr autoimmune mice. J Immunol Methods 235(1-2):113-20. PubMed: 10675763 MGI: J:60663
Takahashi S; Fossati L; Iwamoto M; Merino R; Motta R; Kobayakawa T; Izui S. 1996. Imbalance towards Th1 predominance is associated with acceleration of lupus-like autoimmune syndrome in MRL mice. J Clin Invest 97(7):1597-604. PubMed: 8601623 MGI: J:32235
Takahashi S; Futatsugi-Yumikura S; Fukuoka A; Yoshimoto T; Nakanishi K; Yonehara S. 2013. Fas deficiency in mice with the Balb/c background induces blepharitis with allergic inflammation and hyper-IgE production in conjunction with severe autoimmune disease. Int Immunol 25(5):287-93. PubMed: 23220580 MGI: J:199970
Takahashi T; Yagi T; Kakinuma S; Kurokawa A; Okada T; Takatsu K ; Aizawa S ; Katagiri T. 1997. Suppression of autoimmune disease and of massive lymphadenopathy in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice lacking tyrosine kinase Fyn (p59fyn). J Immunol 159(5):2532-41. PubMed: 9278347 MGI: J:42374
Takeda K; Dennert G. 1993. The development of autoimmunity in C57BL/6 lpr mice correlates with the disappearance of natural killer type 1-positive cells: evidence for their suppressive action on bone marrow stem cell proliferation, B cell immunoglobulin secretion, and autoimmune smptoms. J Exp Med 177(1):155-64. PubMed: 8418197 MGI: J:3487
Takemura Y; Ouchi N; Shibata R; Aprahamian T; Kirber MT; Summer RS; Kihara S; Walsh K. 2007. Adiponectin modulates inflammatory reactions via calreticulin receptor-dependent clearance of early apoptotic bodies. J Clin Invest 117(2):375-386. PubMed: 17256056 MGI: J:118041
Takeoka Y; Taguchi N; Shultz L; Boyd RL; Naiki M; Ansari AA; Gershwin ME. 1999. Apoptosis and the thymic microenvironment in murine lupus. J Autoimmun 13(3):325-34. PubMed: 10550220 MGI: J:58407
Takeoka Y; Yoshida SH; Van de Water J; Boyd R; Suehiro S; Ansari AA; Gershwin ME. 1995. Thymic microenvironmental abnormalities in MRL/MP-lpr/lpr, BXSB/MpJ Yaa and C3H HeJ-gld/gld mice. J Autoimmun 8(2):145-61. PubMed: 7612145 MGI: J:24324
Tamura A; Katsumata M; Greene MI; Yui K. 1996. Inhibition of apoptosis and augmentation of lymphoproliferation in bcl-2 transgenic Fas/Fas ligand-defective mice. Cell Immunol 168(2):220-8. PubMed: 8640868 MGI: J:31852
Tamura A; Yui K. 1995. Age-dependent reduction of Bcl-2 expression in peripheral T cells of lpr and gld mutant mice. J Immunol 155(1):499-507. PubMed: 7602121 MGI: J:26199
Tanaka T; Nagasaka Y; Kitamura F; Kuida K; Suwa H; Miyasaka M. 1993. The role of the interleukin-2 (IL-2)/IL-2 receptor pathway in MRL/lpr lymphadenopathy: the expanded CD4-8- T cell subset completely lacks functional IL-2 receptors. Eur J Immunol 23(6):1378-80. PubMed: 7684688 MGI: J:12576
Tang Q; Smith JA; Szot GL; Zhou P; Alegre ML; Henriksen KJ; Thompson CB; Bluestone JA. 2003. CD28/B7 regulation of anti-CD3-mediated immunosuppression in vivo. J Immunol 170(3):1510-6. PubMed: 12538715 MGI: J:126890
Taniguchi Y; Ito MR; Mori S; Yonehara S; Nose M. 1996. Role of macrophages in the development of arteritis in MRL strains of mice with a deficit in Fas-mediated apoptosis. Clin Exp Immunol 106(1):26-34. PubMed: 8870694 MGI: J:35619
Tardif V; Manenkova Y; Berger M; Hoebe K; Zuo JP; Yuan C; Kono DH; Theofilopoulos AN; Lawson BR. 2013. Critical role of transmethylation in TLR signaling and systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 147(2):133-43. PubMed: 23583916 MGI: J:202140
Tatituri RV; Watts GF; Bhowruth V; Barton N; Rothchild A; Hsu FF; Almeida CF; Cox LR; Eggeling L; Cardell S; Rossjohn J; Godfrey DI; Behar SM; Besra GS; Brenner MB; Brigl M. 2013. Recognition of microbial and mammalian phospholipid antigens by NKT cells with diverse TCRs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(5):1827-32. PubMed: 23307809 MGI: J:193701
Taylor MA; Ward B; Schatzle JD; Bennett M. 2002. Perforin- and Fas-dependent mechanisms of natural killer cell-mediated rejection of incompatible bone marrow cell grafts. Eur J Immunol 32(3):793-9. PubMed: 11870623 MGI: J:115357
Teachey DT; Seif AE; Brown VI; Bruno M; Bunte RM; Chang YJ; Choi JK; Fish JD; Hall J; Reid GS; Ryan T; Sheen C; Zweidler-McKay P; Grupp SA. 2008. Targeting Notch signaling in autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disease. Blood 111(2):705-14. PubMed: 17925488 MGI: J:130092
Teh HS; Seebaran A; Teh SJ. 2000. TNF receptor 2-deficient CD8 T cells are resistant to Fas/Fas ligand-induced cell death. J Immunol 165(9):4814-21. PubMed: 11046004 MGI: J:118924
Teichmann LL; Cullen JL; Kashgarian M; Dong C; Craft J; Shlomchik MJ. 2015. Local triggering of the ICOS coreceptor by CD11c(+) myeloid cells drives organ inflammation in lupus. Immunity 42(3):552-65. PubMed: 25786178 MGI: J:223818
Teichmann LL; Kashgarian M; Weaver CT; Roers A; Muller W; Shlomchik MJ. 2012. B cell-derived IL-10 does not regulate spontaneous systemic autoimmunity in MRL.Fas(lpr) mice. J Immunol 188(2):678-85. PubMed: 22156495 MGI: J:181124
Teichmann LL; Ols ML; Kashgarian M; Reizis B; Kaplan DH; Shlomchik MJ. 2010. Dendritic cells in lupus are not required for activation of T and B cells but promote their expansion, resulting in tissue damage. Immunity 33(6):967-78. PubMed: 21167752 MGI: J:167722
Teichmann LL; Schenten D; Medzhitov R; Kashgarian M; Shlomchik MJ. 2013. Signals via the Adaptor MyD88 in B Cells and DCs Make Distinct and Synergistic Contributions to Immune Activation and Tissue Damage in Lupus. Immunity 38(3):528-40. PubMed: 23499488 MGI: J:195117
Thai TH; Patterson HC; Pham DH; Kis-Toth K; Kaminski DA; Tsokos GC. 2013. Deletion of microRNA-155 reduces autoantibody responses and alleviates lupus-like disease in the Fas(lpr) mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(50):20194-9. PubMed: 24282294 MGI: J:205515
Thangavelu G; Gill RG; Boon L; Ellestad KK; Anderson CC. 2013. Control of in vivo collateral damage generated by T cell immunity. J Immunol 191(4):1686-91. PubMed: 23851694 MGI: J:205689
Theofilopoulos AN; Balderas R; Shawler DL; Izui S; Kotzin BL; Strober S; Dixon FJ. 1980. Inhibition of T cells proliferation and SLE-like syndrome of MRL/1 mice by whole body or total lymphoid irradiation. J Immunol 125(5):2137-42. PubMed: 6968773 MGI: J:6399
Theofilopoulos AN; Balderas RS; Gozes Y; Aguado MT; Hang LM; Morrow PR; Dixon FJ. 1985. Association of lpr gene with graft-vs.-host disease-like syndrome. J Exp Med 162(1):1-18. PubMed: 3891901 MGI: J:7907
Theofilopoulos AN; Balderas RS; Shawler DL; Lee S; Dixon FJ. 1981. Influence of thymic genotype on the systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease and T cell proliferation of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. J Exp Med 153(6):1405-14. PubMed: 6972998 MGI: J:6542
Theofilopoulos AN; Eisenberg RA; Bourdon M; Crowell JS Jr; Dixon FJ. 1979. Distribution of lymphocytes identified by surface markers in murine strains with systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndromes. J Exp Med 149(2):516-34. PubMed: 762500 MGI: J:108760
Theofilopoulos AN; Shawler DL; Eisenberg RA; Dixon FJ. 1980. Splenic immunoglobulin-secreting cells and their regulation in autoimmune mice. J Exp Med 151(2):446-66. PubMed: 6444324 MGI: J:6257
Tiberghien F; Ceredig R; Loor F. 1994. Influence of the lpr environment on the lymph node cell phenotypes in C57BL/6 nubg and nulpr chimeras. Immunology 83(4):552-61. PubMed: 7875735 MGI: J:21826
Timmins JM; Ozcan L; Seimon TA; Li G; Malagelada C; Backs J; Backs T; Bassel-Duby R; Olson EN; Anderson ME; Tabas I. 2009. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II links ER stress with Fas and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. J Clin Invest 119(10):2925-41. PubMed: 19741297 MGI: J:154647
Tischner D; Wiegers GJ; Fiegl H; Drach M; Villunger A. 2012. Mutual antagonism of TGF-beta and Interleukin-2 in cell survival and lineage commitment of induced regulatory T cells. Cell Death Differ 19(8):1277-87. PubMed: 22322859 MGI: J:204633
Tolosa E; King LB; Ashwell JD. 1998. Thymocyte glucocorticoid resistance alters positive selection and inhibits autoimmunity and lymphoproliferative disease in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Immunity 8(1):67-76. PubMed: 9462512 MGI: J:45524
Traver D; Akashi K; Weissman IL; Lagasse E. 1998. Mice defective in two apoptosis pathways in the myeloid lineage develop acute myeloblastic leukemia. Immunity 9(1):47-57. PubMed: 9697835 MGI: J:48838
Trimble LA; Prince KA; Pestano GA; Daley J; Cantor H. 2002. Fas-dependent elimination of nonselected CD8 cells and lpr disease. J Immunol 168(10):4960-7. PubMed: 11994447 MGI: J:133158
Tripathi T; Smith AD; Abdi M; Alizadeh H. 2012. Acanthamoeba-cytopathic protein induces apoptosis and proinflammatory cytokines in human corneal epithelial cells by cPLA2alpha activation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53(13):7973-82. PubMed: 23132804 MGI: J:214275
Trouw LA; Seelen MA; Duijs JM; Wagner S; Loos M; Bajema IM; van Kooten C; Roos A; Daha MR. 2005. Activation of the lectin pathway in murine lupus nephritis. Mol Immunol 42(6):731-40. PubMed: 15781117 MGI: J:96944
Trune DR; Craven JP; Morton JI; Mitchell C. 1989. Autoimmune disease and cochlear pathology in the C3H/lpr strain mouse. Hear Res 38(1-2):57-66. PubMed: 2708160 MGI: J:1060
Trune DR; Kempton JB; Harrison AR; Wobig JL. 2007. Glucocorticoid impact on cochlear function and systemic side effects in autoimmune C3.MRL-Fas(lpr) and normal C3H/HeJ mice. Hear Res 226(1-2):209-17. PubMed: 17098384 MGI: J:119947
Trune DR; Kempton JB; Mitchell C. 1996. Decreased auditory function in the C3H/lpr autoimmune disease mouse. Hear Res 95(1-2):57-62. PubMed: 8793508 MGI: J:34296
Tsuji H; Harada A; Mukaida N; Nakanuma Y; Bluethmann H; Kaneko S ; Yamakawa K ; Nakamura SI ; Kobayashi KI ; Matsushima K. 1997. Tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 is essential for intrahepatic granuloma formation and hepatocellular apoptosis in a murine model of bacterium-induced fulminant hepatitis. Infect Immun 65(5):1892-8. PubMed: 9125577 MGI: J:39779
Tsukahara A; Iiai T; Moroda T; Tada T; Suzuki S; Takeda K; Hatakeyama K; Abo T. 1998. An allogeneic microenvironment influences the phenotype of intermediate T-cell receptor cells expanding in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Immunology 94(2):149-59. PubMed: 9741335 MGI: J:48054
Turner J; D'Souza CD; Pearl JE; Marietta P; Noel M; Frank AA; Appelberg R; Orme IM; Cooper AM. 2001. CD8- and CD95/95L-dependent mechanisms of resistance in mice with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 24(2):203-9. PubMed: 11159055 MGI: J:114284
Turner JE; Paust HJ; Bennstein SB; Bramke P; Krebs C; Steinmetz OM; Velden J; Haag F; Stahl RA; Panzer U. 2012. Protective role for CCR5 in murine lupus nephritis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 302(11):F1503-15. PubMed: 22442210 MGI: J:185452
Ugolini G; Raoul C; Ferri A; Haenggeli C; Yamamoto Y; Salaun D; Henderson CE; Kato AC; Pettmann B; Hueber AO. 2003. Fas/tumor necrosis factor receptor death signaling is required for axotomy-induced death of motoneurons in vivo. J Neurosci 23(24):8526-31. PubMed: 13679421 MGI: J:85525
Umazume T; Thomas WM; Campbell S; Aluri H; Thotakura S; Zoukhri D; Makarenkova HP. 2015. Lacrimal Gland Inflammation Deregulates Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Alters Molecular Signature of Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 56(13):8392-402. PubMed: 26747770 MGI: J:231019
Valujskikh A; Lantz O; Celli S; Matzinger P; Heeger PS. 2002. Cross-primed CD8(+) T cells mediate graft rejection via a distinct effector pathway. Nat Immunol 3(9):844-51. PubMed: 12172545 MGI: J:183981
Van Houten N; Budd RC. 1994. Introduction: lessons from the lpr mouse--T lymphocyte development. Semin Immunol 6(1):1-2. PubMed: 8167302 MGI: J:19060
Van Parijs L; Biuckians A; Abbas AK. 1998. Functional roles of Fas and Bcl-2-regulated apoptosis of T lymphocytes. J Immunol 160(5):2065-71. PubMed: 9498742 MGI: J:112062
Van Parijs L; Peterson DA; Abbas AK. 1998. The Fas/Fas ligand pathway and Bcl-2 regulate T cell responses to model self and foreign antigens. Immunity 8(2):265-74. PubMed: 9492007 MGI: J:110425
Varanasi V; Avanesyan L; Schumann DM; Chervonsky AV. 2012. Cytotoxic mechanisms employed by mouse t cells to destroy pancreatic beta-cells. Diabetes 61(11):2862-70. PubMed: 22773667 MGI: J:190161
Velin D; Goettelfinger P; Froidevaux S; Loor F. 1993. gld and lpr hematopoietic cell transfers: common and different serological features of the C57BL/6 chimeras. Cell Immunol 148(2):331-45. PubMed: 8098670 MGI: J:4761
Vence L; Benoist C; Mathis D. 2004. Fas deficiency prevents type 1 diabetes by inducing hyporesponsiveness in islet beta-cell-reactive T-cells. Diabetes 53(11):2797-803. PubMed: 15504959 MGI: J:108733
Verdaguer J; Amrani A; Anderson B; Schmidt D; Santamaria P. 1999. Two mechanisms for the non-MHC-linked resistance to spontaneous autoimmunity. J Immunol 162(8):4614-26. PubMed: 10202001 MGI: J:109898
Very DL Jr; Panka DJ; Weissman D; Wysocki L; Manser T; Marshak-Rothstein A. 1993. Lack of connectivity between the induced and autoimmune repertoires of lpr/lpr mice. Immunology 80(4):518-26. PubMed: 8307604 MGI: J:15961
Vinay DS; Choi JH; Kim JD; Choi BK; Kwon BS. 2007. Role of endogenous 4-1BB in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology 122(3):394-400. PubMed: 17608689 MGI: J:127197
Vinay DS; Kim CH; Chang KH; Kwon BS. 2010. PDCA expression by B lymphocytes reveals important functional attributes. J Immunol 184(2):807-15. PubMed: 20018628 MGI: J:159395
Vinay DS; Kim JD; Asai T; Choi BK; Kwon BS. 2007. Absence of 4 1BB gene function exacerbates lacrimal gland inflammation in autoimmune-prone MRL-Faslpr mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48(10):4608-15. PubMed: 17898284 MGI: J:126929
Waggoner SN; Cornberg M; Selin LK; Welsh RM. 2012. Natural killer cells act as rheostats modulating antiviral T cells. Nature 481(7381):394-8. PubMed: 22101430 MGI: J:180370
Wahlsten JL; Gitchell HL; Chan CC; Wiggert B; Caspi RR. 2000. Fas and Fas ligand expressed on cells of the immune system, not on the target tissue, control induction of experimental autoimmune uveitis. J Immunol 165(10):5480-6. PubMed: 11067900 MGI: J:119582
Waldner H; Sobel RA; Howard E; Kuchroo VK. 1997. Fas- and FasL-deficient mice are resistant to induction of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 159(7):3100-3. PubMed: 9317104 MGI: J:43096
Wallach-Dayan SB; Golan-Gerstl R; Breuer R. 2007. Evasion of myofibroblasts from immune surveillance: a mechanism for tissue fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(51):20460-5. PubMed: 18077384 MGI: J:130580
Wang H; Shlomchik MJ. 1999. Autoantigen-specific B cell activation in Fas-deficient rheumatoid factor immunoglobulin transgenic mice. J Exp Med 190(5):639-49. PubMed: 10477549 MGI: J:121896
Wang J; Mizui M; Zeng LF; Bronson R; Finnell M; Terhorst C; Kyttaris VC; Tsokos GC; Zhang ZY; Kontaridis MI. 2016. Inhibition of SHP2 ameliorates the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Invest 126(6):2077-92. PubMed: 27183387 MGI: J:237071
Wang J; Okazaki IM; Yoshida T; Chikuma S; Kato Y; Nakaki F; Hiai H; Honjo T; Okazaki T. 2010. PD-1 deficiency results in the development of fatal myocarditis in MRL mice. Int Immunol 22(6):443-52. PubMed: 20410257 MGI: J:160315
Wang X; Ryter SW; Dai C; Tang ZL; Watkins SC; Yin XM; Song R; Choi AM. 2003. Necrotic cell death in response to oxidant stress involves the activation of the apoptogenic caspase-8/bid pathway. J Biol Chem 278(31):29184-91. PubMed: 12754217 MGI: J:120650
Wang Y; Lu H; Huang Z; Lin H; Lei Z; Chen X; Tang M; Gao F; Dong M; Li R; Lin L. 2014. Apolipoprotein E-knockout mice on high-fat diet show autoimmune injury on kidney and aorta. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 450(1):788-93. PubMed: 24953693 MGI: J:220051
Watanabe D; Suda T; Hashimoto H; Nagata S. 1995. Constitutive activation of the Fas ligand gene in mouse lymphoproliferative disorders. EMBO J 14(1):12-8. PubMed: 7530197 MGI: J:22518
Watanabe H; Garnier G; Circolo A; Wetsel RA; Ruiz P; Holers VM; Boackle SA; Colten HR; Gilkeson GS. 2000. Modulation of renal disease in MRL/lpr mice genetically deficient in the alternative complement pathway factor B. J Immunol 164(2):786-94. PubMed: 10623824 MGI: J:59304
Watson LC; Moffatt-Blue CS; McDonald RZ; Kompfner E; Ait-Azzouzene D; Nemazee D; Theofilopoulos AN; Kono DH; Feeney AJ. 2006. Paucity of V-D-D-J rearrangements and VH replacement events in lupus prone and nonautoimmune TdT-/- and TdT+/+ mice. J Immunol 177(2):1120-8. PubMed: 16818769 MGI: J:134996
Watson ML; Rao JK; Gilkeson GS; Ruiz P; Eicher EM; Pisetsky DS; Matsuzawa A; Rochelle JM; Seldin MF. 1992. Genetic analysis of MRL-lpr mice: relationship of the Fas apoptosis gene to disease manifestations and renal disease-modifying loci. J Exp Med 176(6):1645-56. PubMed: 1460423 MGI: J:3304
Weant AE; Michalek RD; Crump KE; Liu C; Konopitski AP; Grayson JM. 2011. Defects in apoptosis increase memory CD8(+) T cells following infection of Bim(-/-)Fas(lpr/lpr) mice. Cell Immunol 271(2):256-66. PubMed: 21839428 MGI: J:176721
Weant AE; Michalek RD; Khan IU; Holbrook BC; Willingham MC; Grayson JM. 2008. Apoptosis regulators Bim and Fas function concurrently to control autoimmunity and CD8+ T cell contraction. Immunity 28(2):218-30. PubMed: 18275832 MGI: J:132216
Weber GF; Cantor H. 2001. Differential roles of osteopontin/Eta-1 in early and late lpr disease. Clin Exp Immunol 126(3):578-83. PubMed: 11737079 MGI: J:73396
Weintraub JP; Cohen PL. 1999. Ectopic expression of B7-1 (CD80) on T lymphocytes in autoimmune lpr and gld mice. Clin Immunol 91(3):302-9. PubMed: 10370375 MGI: J:55186
Weintraub JP; Godfrey V; Wolthusen PA; Cheek RL; Eisenberg RA ; Cohen PL. 1998. Immunological and pathological consequences of mutations in both Fas and Fas ligand. Cell Immunol 186(1):8-17. PubMed: 9637760 MGI: J:48251
Wensveen FM; Unger PP; Kragten NA; Derks IA; ten Brinke A; Arens R; van Lier RA; Eldering E; van Gisbergen KP. 2012. CD70-driven costimulation induces survival or Fas-mediated apoptosis of T cells depending on antigenic load. J Immunol 188(9):4256-67. PubMed: 22450812 MGI: J:188461
Wigginton JM; Lee JK; Wiltrout TA; Alvord WG; Hixon JA; Subleski J; Back TC; Wiltrout RH. 2002. Synergistic engagement of an ineffective endogenous anti-tumor immune response and induction of IFN-gamma and Fas-ligand-dependent tumor eradication by combined administration of IL-18 and IL-2. J Immunol 169(8):4467-74. PubMed: 12370382 MGI: J:109850
Wilber A; O'Connor TP; Lu ML; Karimi A; Schneider MC. 2003. Dnase1l3 deficiency in lupus-prone MRL and NZB/W F1 mice. Clin Exp Immunol 134(1):46-52. PubMed: 12974753 MGI: J:109815
Wildbaum G; Zohar Y; Karin N. 2010. Antigen-specific CD25- Foxp3- IFN-gamma(high) CD4+ T cells restrain the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by suppressing Th17. Am J Pathol 176(6):2764-75. PubMed: 20382706 MGI: J:161337
Wilhelm AJ; Zabalawi M; Grayson JM; Weant AE; Major AS; Owen J; Bharadwaj M; Walzem R; Chan L; Oka K; Thomas MJ; Sorci-Thomas MG. 2009. Apolipoprotein A-I and its role in lymphocyte cholesterol homeostasis and autoimmunity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 29(6):843-9. PubMed: 19286630 MGI: J:162193
William J; Euler C; Christensen S; Shlomchik MJ. 2002. Evolution of autoantibody responses via somatic hypermutation outside of germinal centers. Science 297(5589):2066-70. PubMed: 12242446 MGI: J:139859
William J; Euler C; Primarolo N; Shlomchik MJ. 2006. B cell tolerance checkpoints that restrict pathways of antigen-driven differentiation. J Immunol 176(4):2142-51. PubMed: 16455970 MGI: J:129124
Wingender G; Krebs P; Beutler B; Kronenberg M. 2010. Antigen-specific cytotoxicity by invariant NKT cells in vivo is CD95/CD178-dependent and is correlated with antigenic potency. J Immunol 185(5):2721-9. PubMed: 20660713 MGI: J:163266
Wofsy D; Murphy ED; Roths JB; Dauphinee MJ; Kipper SB; Talal N. 1981. Deficient interleukin 2 activity in MRL/Mp and C57BL/6J mice bearing the lpr gene. J Exp Med 154(5):1671-80. PubMed: 6975351 MGI: J:6638
Wong ML; Young JS; Nilaver G; Morton JI; Trune DR. 1992. Cochlear IgG in the C3H/lpr autoimmune strain mouse. Hear Res 59(1):93-100. PubMed: 1629052 MGI: J:943
Woo J; Wright TM; Lemster B; Borochovitz D; Nalesnik MA; Thomson AW. 1995. Combined effects of FK506 (tacrolimus) and cyclophosphamide on atypical B220+ T cells, cytokine gene expression and disease activity in MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice. Clin Exp Immunol 100(1):118-25. PubMed: 7535208 MGI: J:25139
Woodworth JS; Wu Y; Behar SM. 2008. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+ T cells require perforin to kill target cells and provide protection in vivo. J Immunol 181(12):8595-603. PubMed: 19050279 MGI: J:142057
Wu J; Zhou T; Zhang J; He J; Gause WC; Mountz JD. 1994. Correction of accelerated autoimmune disease by early replacement of the mutated lpr gene with the normal Fas apoptosis gene in the T cells of transgenic MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(6):2344-8. PubMed: 7510888 MGI: J:17253
Wu X; Jiang N; Deppong C; Singh J; Dolecki G; Mao D; Morel L; Molina HD. 2002. A role for the Cr2 gene in modifying autoantibody production in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 169(3):1587-92. PubMed: 12133988 MGI: J:78006
Wueest S; Mueller R; Bluher M; Item F; Chin AS; Wiedemann MS; Takizawa H; Kovtonyuk L; Chervonsky AV; Schoenle EJ; Manz MG; Konrad D. 2014. Fas (CD95) expression in myeloid cells promotes obesity-induced muscle insulin resistance. EMBO Mol Med 6(1):43-56. PubMed: 24203314 MGI: J:232302
Wueest S; Rapold RA; Schoenle EJ; Konrad D. 2010. Fas activation in adipocytes impairs insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by reducing Akt. FEBS Lett 584(19):4187-92. PubMed: 20828573 MGI: J:164421
Wueest S; Rapold RA; Schumann DM; Rytka JM; Schildknecht A; Nov O; Chervonsky AV; Rudich A; Schoenle EJ; Donath MY; Konrad D. 2010. Deletion of Fas in adipocytes relieves adipose tissue inflammation and hepatic manifestations of obesity in mice. J Clin Invest 120(1):191-202. PubMed: 19955656 MGI: J:156776
Xanthoulea S; Pasparakis M; Kousteni S; Brakebusch C; Wallach D; Bauer J; Lassmann H; Kollias G. 2004. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor shedding controls thresholds of innate immune activation that balance opposing TNF functions in infectious and inflammatory diseases. J Exp Med 200(3):367-76. PubMed: 15289505 MGI: J:92470
Xiang Z; Cutler AJ; Brownlie RJ; Fairfax K; Lawlor KE; Severinson E; Walker EU; Manz RA; Tarlinton DM; Smith KG. 2007. FcgammaRIIb controls bone marrow plasma cell persistence and apoptosis. Nat Immunol 8(4):419-29. PubMed: 17322888 MGI: J:120734
Xiao S; Brooks CR; Zhu C; Wu C; Sweere JM; Petecka S; Yeste A; Quintana FJ; Ichimura T; Sobel RA; Bonventre JV; Kuchroo VK. 2012. Defect in regulatory B-cell function and development of systemic autoimmunity in T-cell Ig mucin 1 (Tim-1) mucin domain-mutant mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(30):12105-10. PubMed: 22773818 MGI: J:186484
Xiao S; Sung SS; Fu SM; Ju ST. 2003. Combining Fas mutation with interleukin-2 deficiency prevents Colitis and Lupus: implicating interleukin-2 for auto-reactive T cell expansion and Fas ligand for colon epithelial cell death. J Biol Chem 278(52):52730-8. PubMed: 14525977 MGI: J:87085
Xiao Y; Li H; Zhang J; Volk A; Zhang S; Wei W; Zhang S; Breslin P; Zhang J. 2011. TNF-alpha/Fas-RIP-1-induced cell death signaling separates murine hematopoietic stem cells/progenitors into 2 distinct populations. Blood 118(23):6057-67. PubMed: 21989986 MGI: J:179087
Xie C; Patel R; Wu T; Zhu J; Henry T; Bhaskarabhatla M; Samudrala R; Tus K; Gong Y; Zhou H; Wakeland EK; Zhou XJ; Mohan C. 2007. PI3K/AKT/mTOR hypersignaling in autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease engendered by the epistatic interplay of Sle1b and FASlpr. Int Immunol 19(4):509-22. PubMed: 17369192 MGI: J:120119
Xie Y; Zhang H; Li W; Deng Y; Munegowda MA; Chibbar R; Qureshi M; Xiang J. 2010. Dendritic cells recruit T cell exosomes via exosomal LFA-1 leading to inhibition of CD8+ CTL responses through downregulation of peptide/MHC class I and Fas ligand-mediated cytotoxicity. J Immunol 185(9):5268-78. PubMed: 20881190 MGI: J:165185
Xu B; Bulfone-Paus S; Aoyama K; Yu S; Huang P; Morimoto K; Matsushita T; Takeuchi T. 2003. Role of Fas/Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis in murine contact hypersensitivity. Int Immunopharmacol 3(7):927-38. PubMed: 12810350 MGI: J:106217
Xu H; Kurihara H; Ito T; Nakajima SI; Hagiwara E; Yamanokuchi H; Asari A. 2001. IL-12 Enhances Lymphoaccumulation by Suppressing Cell Death of T Cells in MRL- lpr/lpr Mice. J Autoimmun 16(2):87-95. PubMed: 11247634 MGI: J:68152
Xu JP; Li X; Mori E; Guo MW; Mori T. 1998. Aberrant expression and dysfunction of Fas antigen in MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr murine ovary. Zygote 6(4):359-67. PubMed: 9921647 MGI: J:55597
Xu M; Hou R; Sato-Hayashizaki A; Man R; Zhu C; Wakabayashi C; Hirose S; Adachi T; Tsubata T. 2013. Cd72(c) is a modifier gene that regulates Fas(lpr)-induced autoimmune disease. J Immunol 190(11):5436-45. PubMed: 23616572 MGI: J:204782
Yajima K; Nakamura A; Sugahara A; Takai T. 2003. FcgammaRIIB deficiency with Fas mutation is sufficient for the development of systemic autoimmune disease. Eur J Immunol 33(4):1020-9. PubMed: 12672068 MGI: J:82862
Yamagiwa S; Kuwano Y; Hasegawa K; Sato K; Ohtsuka K; Iiai T; Tomiyama K; Watanabe H; Sugahara S; Seki S; Asakura H; Abo T. 1996. Existence of a small population of IL-2R beta hi TCRint cells in SCG and MRL-lpr/lpr mice which produce normal Fas mRNA and Fas molecules from the lpr gene. Eur J Immunol 26(7):1409-16. PubMed: 8766540 MGI: J:34166
Yamagiwa S; Sugahara S; Shimizu T; Iwanaga T; Yoshida Y; Honda S; Watanabe H; Suzuki K; Asakura H; Abo T. 1998. The primary site of CD4- 8- B220+ alphabeta T cells in lpr mice: the appendix in normal mice. J Immunol 160(6):2665-74. PubMed: 9510165 MGI: J:111332
Yan J; Harvey BP; Gee RJ; Shlomchik MJ; Mamula MJ. 2006. B cells drive early T cell autoimmunity in vivo prior to dendritic cell-mediated autoantigen presentation. J Immunol 177(7):4481-7. PubMed: 16982884 MGI: J:139321
Yan J; Mamula MJ. 2002. B and T cell tolerance and autoimmunity in autoantibody transgenic mice. Int Immunol 14(8):963-71. PubMed: 12147633 MGI: J:131498
Yan X; Maixner DW; Li F; Weng HR. 2017. Chronic pain and impaired glial glutamate transporter function in lupus-prone mice are ameliorated by blocking macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1 receptors. J Neurochem 140(6):963-976. PubMed: 28072466 MGI: J:239824
Yanaba K; Bouaziz JD; Matsushita T; Tsubata T; Tedder TF. 2009. The development and function of regulatory B cells expressing IL-10 (B10 cells) requires antigen receptor diversity and TLR signals. J Immunol 182(12):7459-72. PubMed: 19494269 MGI: J:149301
Yanagi K; Haneji N; Hamano H; Takahashi M; Higashiyama H; Hayashi Y. 1996. In vivo role of IL-10 and IL-12 during development of Sjogren's syndrome in MRL/Lpr mice. Cell Immunol 168(2):243-50. PubMed: 8640871 MGI: J:31851
Yang CH; Tian L; Ling GS; Trendell-Smith NJ; Ma L; Lo CK; Stott DI; Liew FY; Huang FP. 2008. Immunological mechanisms and clinical implications of regulatory T cell deficiency in a systemic autoimmune disorder: Roles of IL-2 versus IL-15. Eur J Immunol 38(6):1664-76. PubMed: 18465774 MGI: J:136193
Yang JQ; Chun T; Liu H; Hong S; Bui H; Van Kaer L; Wang CR; Singh RR. 2004. CD1d deficiency exacerbates inflammatory dermatitis in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Eur J Immunol 34(6):1723-32. PubMed: 15162443 MGI: J:90394
Yang ML; Doyle HA; Gee RJ; Lowenson JD; Clarke S; Lawson BR; Aswad DW; Mamula MJ. 2006. Intracellular protein modification associated with altered T cell functions in autoimmunity. J Immunol 177(7):4541-9. PubMed: 16982891 MGI: J:139320
Yang X; Yang J; Chu Y; Wang J; Guan M; Zhu X; Xue Y; Zou H. 2013. T follicular helper cells mediate expansion of regulatory B cells via IL-21 in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. PLoS One 8(4):e62855. PubMed: 23638156 MGI: J:200873
Yasuda K; Watkins AA; Kochar GS; Wilson GE; Laskow B; Richez C; Bonegio RG; Rifkin IR. 2014. Interferon regulatory factor-5 deficiency ameliorates disease severity in the MRL/lpr mouse model of lupus in the absence of a mutation in DOCK2. PLoS One 9(7):e103478. PubMed: 25076492 MGI: J:218999
Yasuda T; Kuwabara T; Nakano H; Aritomi K; Onodera T; Lipp M; Takahama Y; Kakiuchi T. 2007. Chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 promote activation-induced cell death of antigen-responding T cells. Blood 109(2):449-56. PubMed: 16973962 MGI: J:144008
Yasuda T; Zhang Y; Nagase H; Kaneko T; Sayama K; Hashimoto H; Matsuzawa A. 2000. Immunological characterization of C3H mice congenic for Fas(lprcg), C3h/HeJ-Fas(lprcg)/Fas(lprcg). Lab Anim 34(1):46-55. PubMed: 10759366 MGI: J:59981
Yasutomo K; Maeda K; Hisaeda H; Good RA; Kuroda Y; Himeno K. 1997. The Fas-deficient SCID mouse exhibits the development of T cells in the thymus. J Immunol 158(10):4729-33. PubMed: 9144486 MGI: J:40207
Yin Y; Stahl BC; DeWolf WC; Morgentaler A. 2002. P53 and Fas are sequential mechanisms of testicular germ cell apoptosis. J Androl 23(1):64-70. PubMed: 11780924 MGI: J:105850
Yin Z; Bahtiyar G; Zhang N; Liu L; Zhu P; Robert ME; McNiff J; Madaio MP; Craft J. 2002. IL-10 regulates murine lupus. J Immunol 169(4):2148-55. PubMed: 12165544 MGI: J:78239
Yoh K; Itoh K; Enomoto A; Hirayama A; Yamaguchi N; Kobayashi M; Morito N; Koyama A; Yamamoto M; Takahashi S. 2001. Nrf2-deficient female mice develop lupus-like autoimmune nephritis. Kidney Int 60(4):1343-53. PubMed: 11576348 MGI: J:104016
Yosef N; Shalek AK; Gaublomme JT; Jin H; Lee Y; Awasthi A; Wu C; Karwacz K; Xiao S; Jorgolli M; Gennert D; Satija R; Shakya A; Lu DY; Trombetta JJ; Pillai MR; Ratcliffe PJ; Coleman ML; Bix M; Tantin D; Park H; Kuchroo VK; Regev A. 2013. Dynamic regulatory network controlling TH17 cell differentiation. Nature 496(7446):461-8. PubMed: 23467089 MGI: J:241283
Yoshida T; Higuchi T; Hagiyama H; Strasser A; Nishioka K; Tsubata T. 2000. Rapid B cell apoptosis induced by antigen receptor ligation does not require fas (CD95/APO-1), the adaptor protein FADD/MORT1 or CrmA-sensitive caspases but is defective in both MRL-+/+ and MRL-lpr/lpr mice Int Immunol 12(4):517-26. PubMed: 10744653 MGI: J:61691
Yoshizawa Y; Honda S; Shibuya A. 2014. Involvement of Fcalpha/muR (CD351) in autoantibody production. Mol Immunol 57(2):216-9. PubMed: 24172225 MGI: J:206184
Youd ME; Luus L; Corley RB. 2004. IgM monomers accelerate disease manifestations in autoimmune-prone Fas-deficient mice. J Autoimmun 23(4):333-43. PubMed: 15571927 MGI: J:94230
Yui K; Wadsworth S; Yellen A; Hashimoto Y; Kokai Y; Greene MI. 1988. Molecular and functional properties of novel T cell subsets in C3H-gld/gld and nude mice. Implications for thymic and extrathymic maturation. Immunol Rev 104:121-55. PubMed: 3049314 MGI: J:24681
Zhang B; Hirahashi J; Cullere X; Mayadas TN. 2003. Elucidation of molecular events leading to neutrophil apoptosis following phagocytosis: cross-talk between caspase 8, reactive oxygen species, and MAPK/ERK activation. J Biol Chem 278(31):28443-54. PubMed: 12736263 MGI: J:120441
Zhang B; Kracker S; Yasuda T; Casola S; Vanneman M; Homig-Holzel C; Wang Z; Derudder E; Li S; Chakraborty T; Cotter SE; Koyama S; Currie T; Freeman GJ; Kutok JL; Rodig SJ; Dranoff G; Rajewsky K. 2012. Immune Surveillance and Therapy of Lymphomas Driven by Epstein-Barr Virus Protein LMP1 in a Mouse Model. Cell 148(4):739-51. PubMed: 22341446 MGI: J:181546
Zhang B; Maris CH; Foell J; Whitmire J; Niu L; Song J; Kwon BS; Vella AT; Ahmed R; Jacob J; Mittler RS. 2007. Immune suppression or enhancement by CD137 T cell costimulation during acute viral infection is time dependent. J Clin Invest 117(10):3029-41. PubMed: 17853940 MGI: J:127406
Zhang MC; Furukawa H; Tokunaka K; Saiga K; Date F; Owada Y; Nose M; Ono M. 2008. Mast cell hyperplasia in the skin of Dsg4-deficient hypotrichosis mice, which are long-living mutants of lupus-prone mice. Immunogenetics 60(10):599-607. PubMed: 18677469 MGI: J:140028
Zhang X; Shan P; Alam J; Davis RJ; Flavell RA; Lee PJ. 2003. Carbon monoxide modulates Fas/Fas ligand, caspases, and Bcl-2 family proteins via the p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway during ischemia-reperfusion lung injury. J Biol Chem 278(24):22061-70. PubMed: 12690100 MGI: J:211469
Zhang XK; Gallant S; Molano I; Moussa OM; Ruiz P; Spyropoulos DD; Watson DK; Gilkeson G. 2004. Decreased expression of the Ets family transcription factor Fli-1 markedly prolongs survival and significantly reduces renal disease in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 173(10):6481-9. PubMed: 15528390 MGI: J:94287
Zhang Z; Kyttaris VC; Tsokos GC. 2009. The role of IL-23/IL-17 axis in lupus nephritis. J Immunol 183(5):3160-9. PubMed: 19657089 MGI: J:151862
Zhao Y; Scott NA; Fynch S; Elkerbout L; Wong WW; Mason KD; Strasser A; Huang DC; Kay TW; Thomas HE. 2015. Autoreactive T cells induce necrosis and not BCL-2-regulated or death receptor-mediated apoptosis or RIPK3-dependent necroptosis of transplanted islets in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 58(1):140-8. PubMed: 25301392 MGI: J:219674
Zhao Z; Deocharan B; Scherer PE; Ozelius LJ; Putterman C. 2006. Differential binding of cross-reactive anti-DNA antibodies to mesangial cells: the role of alpha-actinin. J Immunol 176(12):7704-14. PubMed: 16751418 MGI: J:132348
Zheng L; Sharma R; Gaskin F; Fu SM; Ju ST. 2007. A novel role of IL-2 in organ-specific autoimmune inflammation beyond regulatory T cell checkpoint: both IL-2 knockout and Fas mutation prolong lifespan of Scurfy mice but by different mechanisms. J Immunol 179(12):8035-41. PubMed: 18056343 MGI: J:155041
Zhou T; Bluethmann H; Eldridge J; Berry K; Mountz JD. 1993. Origin of CD4-CD8-B220+ T cells in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Clues from a T cell receptor beta transgenic mouse. J Immunol 150(8 Pt 1):3651-67. PubMed: 7682246 MGI: J:4525
Zhou T; Edwards CK 3rd; Yang P; Wang Z; Bluethmann H; Mountz JD. 1996. Greatly accelerated lymphadenopathy and autoimmune disease in lpr mice lacking tumor necrosis factor receptor I. J Immunol 156(8):2661-5. PubMed: 8609380 MGI: J:32463
Ziebell JM; Bye N; Semple BD; Kossmann T; Morganti-Kossmann MC. 2011. Attenuated neurological deficit, cell death and lesion volume in Fas-mutant mice is associated with altered neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 1414:94-105. PubMed: 21871613 MGI: J:176594
Zielinski CE; Jacob SN; Bouzahzah F; Ehrlich BE; Craft J. 2005. Naive CD4+ T cells from lupus-prone Fas-intact MRL mice display TCR-mediated hyperproliferation due to intrinsic threshold defects in activation. J Immunol 174(8):5100-9. PubMed: 15814741 MGI: J:98149
Zimmermann C; Rawiel M; Blaser C; Kaufmann M; Pircher H. 1996. Homeostatic regulation of CD8+ T cells after antigen challenge in the absence of Fas (CD95). Eur J Immunol 26(12):2903-10. PubMed: 8977284 MGI: J:37076
Zornig M; Grzeschiczek A; Kowalski MB; Hartmann KU; Moroy T. 1995. Loss of Fas/Apo-1 receptor accelerates lymphomagenesis in E mu L-MYC transgenic mice but not in animals infected with MoMuLV. Oncogene 10(12):2397-401. PubMed: 7784089 MGI: J:102040
Zoukhri D; Kublin CL. 2001. Impaired neurotransmitter release from lacrimal and salivary gland nerves of a murine model of Sjogren's syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 42(5):925-32. PubMed: 11274068 MGI: J:68663
Zuliani C; Kleber S; Klussmann S; Wenger T; Kenzelmann M; Schreglmann N; Martinez A; del Rio JA; Soriano E; Vodrazka P; Kuner R; Groene HJ; Herr I; Krammer PH; Martin-Villalba A. 2006. Control of neuronal branching by the death receptor CD95 (Fas/Apo-1). Cell Death Differ 13(1):31-40. PubMed: 16003386 MGI: J:121029
Zuo J; Ge H; Zhu G; Matthias P; Sun J. 2007. OBF-1 is essential for the generation of antibody-secreting cells and the development of autoimmunity in MRL-lpr mice. J Autoimmun 29(2-3):87-96. PubMed: 17574818 MGI: J:125114
Zwaferink H; Stockinger S; Reipert S; Decker T. 2008. Stimulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by beta interferon increases necrotic death of macrophages upon Listeria monocytogenes infection. Infect Immun 76(4):1649-56. PubMed: 18268032 MGI: J:133523
de Alboran IM; Gonzalo JA; Kroemer G; Leonardo E; Marcos MA; Martinez C. 1992. Attenuation of autoimmune disease and lymphocyte accumulation in MRL/lpr mice by treatment with anti-V beta 8 antibodies. Eur J Immunol 22(8):2153-8. PubMed: 1386316 MGI: J:2039
de Lema GP; Maier H; Franz TJ; Escribese M; Chilla S; Segerer S; Camarasa N; Schmid H; Banas B; Kalaydjiev S; Busch DH; Pfeffer K; Mampaso F; Schlondorff D; Luckow B. 2005. Chemokine receptor Ccr2 deficiency reduces renal disease and prolongs survival in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 16(12):3592-601. PubMed: 16267157 MGI: J:113343
del Rey A; Roggero E; Kabiersch A; Schafer M; Besedovsky HO. 2006. The role of noradrenergic nerves in the development of the lymphoproliferative disease in Fas-deficient, lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 176(11):7079-86. PubMed: 16709870 MGI: J:131768
van den Berg E; van Woensel JB; Bos AP; Bem RA; Altemeier WA; Gill SE; Martin TR; Matute-Bello G. 2011. Role of the Fas/FasL system in a model of RSV infection in mechanically ventilated mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 301(4):L451-60. PubMed: 21743025 MGI: J:176277

Also Known As: MRL-lpr, lymphoproliferation

Genetic overview

Research Applications

Base Price

Important Note

Detailed Description

Development

Control Suggestions

Additional Information

Selected References

Faslpr

Allele Symbol: Faslpr

Disease Terms

Research Areas By Genotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Genotype: Faslpr related

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

Genotype: Faslpr/FaslprMRL-Faslpr

immune system phenotype

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

hematopoietic system phenotype

cardiovascular system phenotype

renal/urinary system phenotype

Genotype: Faslpr/Faslprinvolves: MRL/Mp

mortality/aging

immune system phenotype

cellular phenotype

hematopoietic system phenotype

Genotype: Faslpr/FaslprMRL/MpJ-Faslpr

mortality/aging

hematopoietic system phenotype

immune system phenotype

cardiovascular system phenotype

renal/urinary system phenotype

cellular phenotype

Genotype: Faslpr/FaslprMRL/MpJ-Faslpr/J

mortality/aging

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

pigmentation phenotype

digestive/alimentary phenotype

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype

immune system phenotype

hematopoietic system phenotype

renal/urinary system phenotype

behavior/neurological phenotype

vision/eye phenotype

cardiovascular system phenotype

hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype

nervous system phenotype

Genotype: Faslpr/FaslprMRL/Mp-Faslpr

mortality/aging

vision/eye phenotype

integument phenotype

cellular phenotype

immune system phenotype

renal/urinary system phenotype

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

hematopoietic system phenotype

cardiovascular system phenotype

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype

skeleton phenotype

digestive/alimentary phenotype

Genotype: Faslpr/FaslprB6.MRL-Faslpr/J

immune system phenotype

hematopoietic system phenotype

renal/urinary system phenotype

liver/biliary system phenotype

nervous system phenotype

cellular phenotype

Genotype: Faslpr/FaslprC3.MRL-Faslpr

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

immune system phenotype

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype

hematopoietic system phenotype

vision/eye phenotype

digestive/alimentary phenotype

cellular phenotype

nervous system phenotype

reproductive system phenotype

Genotype: Faslpr/FaslprAK.MRL-Faslpr

Fas^lpr

Allele Symbol: Fas^lpr

Genotype: Fas^lpr related

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
MRL-Fas^lpr

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
involves: MRL/Mp

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr/J

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
MRL/Mp-Fas^lpr

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
B6.MRL-Fas^lpr/J

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
C3.MRL-Fas^lpr

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
AK.MRL-Fas^lpr

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
involves: C3H * MRL/Mp

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
involves: C57BL/6 * MRL/Mp

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
C3.MRL-Fas^lpr/J

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
B6.MRL-Fas^lpr

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * MRL

Genotype: Fas^lpr/Fas^lpr
MRL.Cg-Irf1^tm1Mak Fas^lpr

Additional - Fas^lpr related