JAX
Mouse Strain Datasheet - 000147
WLHR/LeJ
WLHR/Le is a balanced stock with wabbler-lethal (wl) and hairless (hr) spontaneous mutations maintained in repulsion on Chromosome 14. Homozygous wabbler-lethal mutant mice are first recognizable at 12 days of age and usually die at about four weeks. They have an abnormal wobbly gait and a pronounced tremor when walking. In an extensive study of behavioral development of this mutant, homozygous wabbler-lethal mice were shown to be deficient in nearly all behaviors tested. Histological examination showed myelin degeneration widely distributed throughout the CNS, particularly in the vestibulocerebellar and spinocerebellar systems. Electron microscopy showed widespread axonal (Wallerian) degeneration in the medulla with secondary myelin dissolution. Similar abnormalities were present to a lesser extent in the basal ganglia, spinal cord, and cerebellum and in the optic nerve. Homozygous hairless mutant mice have a higher incidence and earlier onset of leukemia, reducible by v...
Read More +Research Applications
- Metabolism Research
- Neurobiology Research
- Sensorineural Research
- Cancer Research
- Cardiovascular Research
- Dermatology Research
- Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Research Tools
Important Note
This strain is homozygous for Esdc and segregating for Hrhr and wl, which are held in repulsion.
Detailed Description
WLHR/Le is a balanced stock with wabbler-lethal (wl) and hairless (hr) spontaneous mutations maintained in repulsion on Chromosome 14. Homozygous wabbler-lethal mutant mice are first recognizable at 12 days of age and usually die at about four weeks. They have an abnormal wobbly gait and a pronounced tremor when walking. In an extensive study of behavioral development of this mutant, homozygous wabbler-lethal mice were shown to be deficient in nearly all behaviors tested. Histological examination showed myelin degeneration widely distributed throughout the CNS, particularly in the vestibulocerebellar and spinocerebellar systems. Electron microscopy showed widespread axonal (Wallerian) degeneration in the medulla with secondary myelin dissolution. Similar abnormalities were present to a lesser extent in the basal ganglia, spinal cord, and cerebellum and in the optic nerve. Homozygous hairless mutant mice have a higher incidence and earlier onset of leukemia, reducible by virus-specific antibody. A deficiency of splenic T helper cells (Ly1+) may account for low cellular immune response of homozygous mutant mice. The coat is normal on hairless mice up to 10 days but then hair is lost from the follicle. Waves of hair growth with few thin fuzzy hairs ocur at monthly intervals for some time but homozygotes eventually become continuously hairless. Vibrissae are repeatedly regrown and shed, becoming more abnormal with age. Toenails are long and curved. There is hyperkeratosis of statified epithelium and the upper part of hair canals beginning at 14 days. Hair club formation is abnormal. Cysts form from the hyperkeratotic upper part of hair canals and sheaths of abnormal follicles stranded in dermis. Some cysts also form from sebaceous glands. All cysts undergo sebaceous transformation and later keratinization.
Development
The first wabbler lethal (wl) mouse appeared in descendents of a non-inbred pirouette (pi/pi) mouse carrying brown (Typr1b) and nonagouti (a) that was returned to the Jackson Laboratory from Dr. R. A. Fisher in 1948 after the fire. The pirouette male was mated to a C57BL/6J female and several lines were made. An outcross was also made to strain HD/Hu of Dr. Katrina Hummel. Strain HD/Hu was homozygous for hairless (Hrhr) and dilute (Myo5ad). The stock was bred using tested but non-sibling matings until 1958 when inbreeding was started as a balanced stock with wl and hr in repulsion phase because they were closely linked on chromosome 14. The stock was also selected to be homozygous brown and nonagouti. It was cryopreserved in 1989 by mating known doubly heterozygous males to either known heterozygous or untested females at generations F115-120.
Atp8a2wl
Allele Symbol: Atp8a2wl
| Allele Name | wabbler lethal |
|---|---|
| Allele Type | Spontaneous |
| Allele Synonym(s) | Wl |
| Gene Symbol and Name | Atp8a2, ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter-like, class I, type 8A, member 2 |
| Gene Synonym(s) | AI415030; ATP; ATPIB; CAMRQ4; IB; Ib; ML-1; agil; agil; agitans-like; expressed sequence AI415030; vestibulomotor degeneration; vmd; wabbler-lethal; wl; wl |
| Strain of Origin | STOCK Grxcr1 |
| Chromosome | 14 |
| Molecular Note | Spontaneous deletion of 21 bp in exon 22 results in elimination of seven highly conserved amino acids (TAIEDRL) from the nucleotide-binding domain (N-domain). |
Hrhr
Allele Symbol: Hrhr
| Allele Name | hairless |
|---|---|
| Allele Type | Spontaneous |
| Allele Synonym(s) | SKH-1; hr |
| Gene Symbol and Name | Hr, hairless |
| Gene Synonym(s) | ALUNC; AU; HSA277165; HYPT4; MUHH; MUHH1; N; ba; baldy; bldy; bldy; hr; rh; rh-bmh; rh-bmh; rhino-bald Mill Hill |
| Strain of Origin | Not Specified |
| Chromosome | 14 |
| Molecular Note | The hr allele is the result of a retroviral integration. Insertion of murine leukemia proviral sequences into intron 6 results in aberrant splicing of the gene. |
Esd
Marker Symbol: Esd
| Marker Synonym(s) | Es-10; Es-10; Es10; Es10; FGH; esterase 10; esterase D |
|---|---|
| Chromosome(s) | 14 |
Disease Terms
Research Areas By Genotype
This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:
- Metabolism Research
Genotype: Atp8a2wl related
- Neurobiology Research
- Ataxia (Movement) Defects
- Myelination Defects
- Tremor Defects
- Vestibular Defects
- Sensorineural Research
- Vestibular Defects
Genotype: Hrhr related
- Cancer Research
- Increased Tumor Incidence
- Leukemia
- Leukemia: lymphocytic
- Lymphomas
- Lymphomas: thymic
- Skin Cancers
- Skin Cancers: Induced
- Toxicology
- Increased Tumor Incidence
- Cardiovascular Research
- Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis
- Relatively Resistant
- Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis
- Dermatology Research
- Skin and Hair Texture Defects
- Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Immunodeficiency Associated with Other Defects
- Research Tools
- Toxicology Research
- drug/compound testing
- Toxicology Research
Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype
The following phenotype information is associated with a similar, but not exact match to this JAX® Mice strain
Genotype: Atp8a2wl/Atp8a2+
Not Specified
behavior/neurological phenotype
- abnormal motor coordination/balance
- ataxia
nervous system phenotype
- demyelination
- at 2 weeks of age a small amount of myelin degeneration is found in the vestibulo-spinal tract and at 2.5 weeks myelin degeneration is still confined to the vestibulo-spinal pathway with the cerebellar systems unaffected (MGI Ref ID J:13068)
- moderate demyelination restricted to the vestibulospinal tract (MGI Ref ID J:15162)
Genotype: Atp8a2wl/Atp8a2wl
involves: C57BL/6
nervous system phenotype
- cochlear ganglion degeneration
- at 2 months (MGI Ref ID J:211318)
- decreased retinal photoreceptor cell number
- at P30 and P60 (MGI Ref ID J:211318)
- short photoreceptor outer segment
- at P30 and P60 (MGI Ref ID J:211318)
vision/eye phenotype
- decreased retinal photoreceptor cell number
- at P30 and P60 (MGI Ref ID J:211318)
- short photoreceptor outer segment
- at P30 and P60 (MGI Ref ID J:211318)
- vision/eye phenotype
- outer segment photoreceptors exhibit normal morphology (MGI Ref ID J:211318)
hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
- hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
- outer and inner hair cells appear normal (MGI Ref ID J:211318)
- increased or absent threshold for auditory brainstem response
- at 2 months (MGI Ref ID J:211318)
behavior/neurological phenotype
- decreased startle reflex
- (MGI Ref ID J:211318)
Genotype: Atp8a2wl/Atp8a2wl
Not Specified
mortality/aging
- lethality at weaning, complete penetrance
- most homozygotes die by wean age, with males dying at approximately 3 weeks of age and females dying approximately a week later (MGI Ref ID J:13068)
nervous system phenotype
- demyelination
- at one week of age a small amount of myelin degeneration can be found in the ventral funiculus of the spinal cord; at two weeks of age myelin degeneration is marked in the vestibulo-spinal tracts and beginning in the spino-cerebellar tracts; and by 2.5 weeks of age very severe demyelination is found throughout the archi- and paleocerebellar systems, with heavy degeneration permeating the vestibulo-spinal tract, dorsal spinocerebellar tract, brachium conjunctivum, magnocellular red nucleus, rubrospinal tract, vestibular nerve and nuclei, juxtarestiform body, trapezoid body and the superior olivary nucleus, and moderate degeneration in the medial lemnicus, medial longitudinal fasiculus and tecto-spinal tractseks of age very severe demyelination is found throughout the archi- and paleocerebellar systems, with heavy degeneration permeating the vestibulo-spinal tract, dorsal spinocerebellar tract, brachium conjunctivum, magnocellular red nucleus, rubrospinal tract, vestibular nerve and nuclei, juxtarestiform body, trapezoid body and the superior olivary nucleus, and moderate degeneration in the medial lemnicus, medial longitudinal fasiculus and tecto-spinal tracts (MGI Ref ID J:13068)
- in the vestibulosponal tract from the lateral vestibular nucleus to the spinal cord, and in the entering fibers of the eighth cranial nerve, the juxtaresiform body, the medullary center of the cerebellum, the medial longitudinal fasciculus, the trapezoid body, the lateral lemniscus, brachium conjunctivum, red nucleus, and the rubrospinal and tectospinal tractsbody, the lateral lemniscus, brachium conjunctivum, red nucleus, and the rubrospinal and tectospinal tracts (MGI Ref ID J:15162)
- nervous system phenotype
behavior/neurological phenotype
- abnormal gait
- (MGI Ref ID J:13068)
- abnormal motor coordination/balance
- swaying of the body, dragging of the hind limbs and progressive incoordination of the limbs when walking (MGI Ref ID J:15162)
- abnormal reflex
- no reaction to pinching of the tail (MGI Ref ID J:13068)
- ataxia
- behavior/neurological phenotype
- can orient in water and swim (MGI Ref ID J:13068)
- impaired limb coordination
- (MGI Ref ID J:15162)
- limb grasping
- when homozyogtes are lifted by the tail, the hind feet lock together in a spasm (MGI Ref ID J:13068)
- tremors
- (MGI Ref ID J:13068)
hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
- hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
- normal hearing and auditory reflexes (MGI Ref ID J:15162)
homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- abnormal circulating amino acid level
- plasma phenylalanine concentration rises after 18 days of age to abnormally high levels and phenylalanine loading experiments show that at 22 days of age homozygotes can not normally metabolize exogenous phenylalanine, although they can at 14 days of age (MGI Ref ID J:5108)
- abnormal enzyme/coenzyme level
- liver homogenates have decreased phenylalanine hydroxylase activity, decreased phenylalanine-sodium pyruvate transaminase activity, and increased phenylalanine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase activity, increased tyrosine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase activity, increased tryptophan-alpha-ketoglutarate activity, and increased tryptophan pyrrolase activityactivity, increased tryptophan-alpha-ketoglutarate activity, and increased tryptophan pyrrolase activity (MGI Ref ID J:5108)
- hypoglycemia
- mice are hypoglycemic from 20 days until death (MGI Ref ID J:14851)
- increased circulating tyrosine level
- plasma tyrosine concentration is higher than normal at 14 days of age then rapidly drops to abnormally low levels (at 26 days of age 13.36 ug/ml vs 23.12 ug/ml in heterozygotes) and plasma tryptophan levels are lower than normal at 14 days of age and become progressively lower to 26 days of age (14.13 ug/ml vs 22.18 ug/ml in heterozygotes), although loading experiments show that homozygotes handle added tyrosine and tryptophan in a manner comparable to that of heterozygous littermatesme progressively lower to 26 days of age (14.13 ug/ml vs 22.18 ug/ml in heterozygotes), although loading experiments show that homozygotes handle added tyrosine and tryptophan in a manner comparable to that of heterozygous littermates (MGI Ref ID J:5108)
Genotype: Atp8a2wl/Atp8a2wl
involves: C57BL/6J
nervous system phenotype
- optic nerve degeneration
- at 28 days of age there is primary axonal degeneration of the optic nerve, but significant dysmyelination or hypomyelination are not found in the optic nerves at this timepoint (MGI Ref ID J:2856)
vision/eye phenotype
- optic nerve degeneration
- at 28 days of age there is primary axonal degeneration of the optic nerve, but significant dysmyelination or hypomyelination are not found in the optic nerves at this timepoint (MGI Ref ID J:2856)
growth/size/body region phenotype
- decreased body weight
- at 28 days of age the average weight of males, 6.3g, is less than half that of normal controls, 14.2g (MGI Ref ID J:2856)
Genotype: Hrhr/Hrhr
Not Specified
endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
- abnormal mammary gland morphology
- sebaceous gland atrophy
- (MGI Ref ID J:2409)
behavior/neurological phenotype
- abnormal nursing
- failure (MGI Ref ID J:2409)
integument phenotype
- abnormal dermis reticular layer morphology
- cystic (MGI Ref ID J:2409)
- abnormal mammary gland morphology
- abnormal skin morphology
- thickened cutis (MGI Ref ID J:2409)
- deformed nails
- curved (MGI Ref ID J:2409)
- dermal cysts
- (MGI Ref ID J:14889)
- epidermal hyperplasia
- (MGI Ref ID J:14940)
- hairless
- hyperkeratosis
- (MGI Ref ID J:14940)
- sebaceous gland atrophy
- (MGI Ref ID J:2409)
Genotype: Hrhr/Hrhr
HRS/J
hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
- absent linear vestibular evoked potential
- VESPs are absent at the maximum stimulus intensity used (MGI Ref ID J:116914)
neoplasm
- increased leukemia incidence
hematopoietic system phenotype
- decreased T cell number
- of CD5+ T cells (MGI Ref ID J:6087)
- decreased T cell proliferation
- to alloantigens by T helper cells (MGI Ref ID J:6375)
- increased macrophage cell number
- although heterozygotes and homozygotes have the same total number of peritoneal cells, the percentage expressing Mac-1 is an average of 30% in homozygotes versus an average of 14% in heterozygotes (MGI Ref ID J:150402)
immune system phenotype
- decreased T cell number
- of CD5+ T cells (MGI Ref ID J:6087)
- decreased T cell proliferation
- to alloantigens by T helper cells (MGI Ref ID J:6375)
- increased macrophage cell number
- although heterozygotes and homozygotes have the same total number of peritoneal cells, the percentage expressing Mac-1 is an average of 30% in homozygotes versus an average of 14% in heterozygotes (MGI Ref ID J:150402)
References
Additional References
- Cachon-Gonzalez MB; Fenner S; Coffin JM; Moran C; Best S; Stoye JP. 1994. Structure and expression of the hairless gene of mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(16):7717-21. PubMed: 8052649MGI: J:19624
- Morrissey PJ; Parkinson DR; Schwartz RS; Waksal SD. 1980. Immunologic abnormalities in HRS/J mice. I. Specific deficit in T lymphocyte helper function in a mutant mouse. J Immunol 125(4):1558-62. PubMed: 6447727MGI: J:6375
- Reske-Kunz AB; Scheid MP; Boyse EA. 1979. Disproportion in T-cell subpopulations in immunodeficient mutant hr/hr mice. J Exp Med 149(1):228-33. PubMed: 310859MGI: J:6087
Additional - Atp8a2wl related
- Carroll EW; Curtis RL; Sullivan DA; Melvin JL. 1992. Wallerian degeneration in the optic nerve of the wabbler-lethal (wl/wl) mouse. Brain Res Bull 29(3-4):411-8. PubMed: 1382814MGI: J:2856
- Coleman JA; Zhu X; Djajadi HR; Molday LL; Smith RS; Libby RT; John SW; Molday RS. 2014. Phospholipid flippase ATP8A2 is required for normal visual and auditory function and photoreceptor and spiral ganglion cell survival. J Cell Sci 127(Pt 5):1138-49. PubMed: 24413176MGI: J:211318
- Dickie MM; Schneider J; Harman PJ. 1952. A juvenile wabbler-lethal in the house mouse. J Hered 43:283-286. MGI: J:13068
- Fairfield H; Srivastava A; Ananda G; Liu R; Kircher M; Lakshminarayana A; Harris BS; Karst SY; Dionne LA; Kane CC; Curtain M; Berry ML; Ward-Bailey PF; Greenstein I; Byers C; Czechanski A; Sharp J; Palmer K; Gudis P; Martin W; Tadenev A; Bogdanik L; Pratt CH; Chang B; Schroeder DG; Cox GA; Cliften P; Milbrandt J; Murray S; Burgess R; Bergstrom DE; Donahue LR; Hamamy H; Masri A; Santoni FA; Makrythanasis P; Antonarakis SE; Shendure J; Reinholdt LG. 2015. Exome sequencing reveals pathogenic mutations in 91 strains of mice with Mendelian disorders. Genome Res 25(7):948-57. PubMed: 25917818MGI: J:222308
- Harman PJ. 1954. Genetically controlled demyelination in the mammalian central nervous system Ann N Y Acad Sci 58:546-50. MGI: J:15162
- Lane PW; Dickie MM. 1961. Linkage of wabbler-lethal and hairless in the mouse J Hered 52:159-60. MGI: J:270
- Luse SA; Chenard C; Finke EH. 1967. The wabbler-lethal mouse. An electron microscopic study of the nervous system. Arch Neurol 17(2):153-61. PubMed: 6028244MGI: J:5028
- Murad S; Kishimoto Y. 1975. Alpha hydroxylation of lignoceric acid to cerebronic acid during brain development. Diminished hydroxylase activity in myelin-deficient mouse mutants. J Biol Chem 250(15):5841-6. PubMed: 1150661MGI: J:106960
- Siegel SJ; Rauch H. 1969. Aromatic amino acid metabolism in the wabbler-lethal mouse. Biochem Genet 2(4):311-8. PubMed: 4388883MGI: J:5108
- Thiessen DD. 1965. The wabbler-lethal mouse: a study in development Anim Behav 13:87-100. MGI: J:14851
- Zhu X; Libby RT; de Vries WN; Smith RS; Wright DL; Bronson RT; Seburn KL; John SW. 2012. Mutations in a P-type ATPase gene cause axonal degeneration. PLoS Genet 8(8):e1002853. PubMed: 22912588MGI: J:188127
Additional - Hrhr related
- Aberg KM; Man MQ; Gallo RL; Ganz T; Crumrine D; Brown BE; Choi EH; Kim DK; Schroder JM; Feingold KR; Elias PM. 2008. Co-regulation and interdependence of the mammalian epidermal permeability and antimicrobial barriers. J Invest Dermatol 128(4):917-25. PubMed: 17943185MGI: J:135506
- Ahmad W; Panteleyev AA; Christiano AM. 1999. The molecular basis of congenital atrichia in humans and mice: mutations in the hairless gene. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 4(3):240-3. PubMed: 10674375MGI: J:59939
- Arumugam A; Weng Z; Chaudhary SC; Afaq F; Elmets CA; Athar M. 2014. Keratin-6 driven ODC expression to hair follicle keratinocytes enhances stemness and tumorigenesis by negatively regulating Notch. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 451(3):394-401. PubMed: 25094045MGI: J:220115
- Astner S; Wu A; Chen J; Philips N; Rius-Diaz F; Parrado C; Mihm MC; Goukassian DA; Pathak MA; Gonzalez S. 2007. Dietary lutein/zeaxanthin partially reduces photoaging and photocarcinogenesis in chronically UVB-irradiated Skh-1 hairless mice. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 20(6):283-91. PubMed: 17717424MGI: J:128747
- Bailey DE; Bunker HP. 1973. Spontaneous mutation to hr<rh2J> Mouse News Lett 49:31. MGI: J:27523
- Balansky RM; Izzotti A; D'Agostini F; Camoirano A; Bagnasco M; Lubet RA; De Flora S. 2003. Systemic genotoxic effects produced by light, and synergism with cigarette smoke in the respiratory tract of hairless mice. Carcinogenesis 24(9):1525-32. PubMed: 12844483MGI: J:85507
- Batal M; Boudry I; Mouret S; Clery-Barraud C; Wartelle J; Berard I; Douki T. 2014. DNA damage in internal organs after cutaneous exposure to sulphur mustard. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 278(1):39-44. PubMed: 24732442MGI: J:212326
- Batal M; Boudry I; Mouret S; Wartelle J; Emorine S; Bertoni M; Berard I; Clery-Barraud C; Douki T. 2013. Temporal and spatial features of the formation of DNA adducts in sulfur mustard-exposed skin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 273(3):644-50. PubMed: 24141030MGI: J:205209
- Brooke HC. 1926. Hairless mice J Hered 17:173-74. MGI: J:2405
- Brouxhon S; Konger RL; VanBuskirk J; Sheu TJ; Ryan J; Erdle B; Almudevar A; Breyer RM; Scott G; Pentland AP. 2007. Deletion of prostaglandin E2 EP2 receptor protects against ultraviolet-induced carcinogenesis, but increases tumor aggressiveness. J Invest Dermatol 127(2):439-46. PubMed: 16977324MGI: J:117581
- Cachon-Gonzalez MB; Fenner S; Coffin JM; Moran C; Best S; Stoye JP. 1994. Structure and expression of the hairless gene of mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(16):7717-21. PubMed: 8052649MGI: J:19624
- Cachon-Gonzalez MB; San-Jose I; Cano A; Vega JA; Garcia N; Freeman T; Schimmang T; Stoye JP. 1999. The hairless gene of the mouse: relationship of phenotypic effects with expression profile and genotype. Dev Dyn 216(2):113-26. PubMed: 10536052MGI: J:57947
- Chang YC; Wang JD; Hahn RA; Gordon MK; Joseph LB; Heck DE; Heindel ND; Young SC; Sinko PJ; Casillas RP; Laskin JD; Laskin DL; Gerecke DR. 2014. Therapeutic potential of a non-steroidal bifunctional anti-inflammatory and anti-cholinergic agent against skin injury induced by sulfur mustard. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 280(2):236-244. PubMed: 25127551MGI: J:214829
- Clark EA; Shultz LD; Pollack SB. 1981. Mutations in mice that influence natural killer (NK) cell activity. Immunogenetics 12(5-6):601-13. PubMed: 6971254MGI: J:6485
- Cooper KL; King BS; Sandoval MM; Liu KJ; Hudson LG. 2013. Reduction of arsenite-enhanced ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage by supplemental zinc. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 269(2):81-8. PubMed: 23523584MGI: J:197252
- Crew FAE; Mirskaia L. 1931. The character of "hairless" in the mouse J Genet 25:17-24. MGI: J:2409
- Cusumano ZT; Watson ME Jr; Caparon MG. 2014. Streptococcus pyogenes arginine and citrulline catabolism promotes infection and modulates innate immunity. Infect Immun 82(1):233-42. PubMed: 24144727MGI: J:206198
- D'Agostini F; Balansky RM; Bennicelli C; Lubet RA; Kelloff GJ; De Flora S. 2001. Pilot studies evaluating the lung tumor yield in cigarette smoke-exposed mice. Int J Oncol 18(3):607-15. PubMed: 11179494MGI: J:67488
- DERINGER MK. 1956. The effect of subcutaneous inoculation of 4-o-tolylazo-o-toluidine in strain HR mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 17(4):533-9. PubMed: 13367821MGI: J:24688
- Doig J; Anderson C; Lawrence NJ; Selfridge J; Brownstein DG; Melton DW. 2006. Mice with skin-specific DNA repair gene (Ercc1) inactivation are hypersensitive to ultraviolet irradiation-induced skin cancer and show more rapid actinic progression. Oncogene 25(47):6229-38. PubMed: 16682947MGI: J:115849
- Dunn TB; Deringer MK. 1968. Reticulum cell neoplasm, type B, or the Hodgkin's-like lesion of the mouse. J Natl Cancer Inst 40(4):771-821. PubMed: 4869134MGI: J:2417
- Dwivedi C; Valluri HB; Guan X; Agarwal R. 2006. Chemopreventive effects of alpha-santalol on ultraviolet B radiation-induced skin tumor development in SKH-1 hairless mice. Carcinogenesis 27(9):1917-22. PubMed: 16679309MGI: J:113353
- Egberts F; Heinrich M; Jensen JM; Winoto-Morbach S; Pfeiffer S; Wickel M; Schunck M; Steude J; Saftig P; Proksch E; Schutze S. 2004. Cathepsin D is involved in the regulation of transglutaminase 1 and epidermal differentiation. J Cell Sci 117(Pt 11):2295-307. PubMed: 15126630MGI: J:89747
- Elias PM; Arbiser J; Brown BE; Rossiter H; Man MQ; Cerimele F; Crumrine D; Gunathilake R; Choi EH; Uchida Y; Tschachler E; Feingold KR. 2008. Epidermal vascular endothelial growth factor production is required for permeability barrier homeostasis, dermal angiogenesis, and the development of epidermal hyperplasia: implications for the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Am J Pathol 173(3):689-99. PubMed: 18688025MGI: J:139588
- Fischer SM; Pavone A; Mikulec C; Langenbach R; Rundhaug JE. 2007. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is critical for chronic UV-induced murine skin carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 46(5):363-71. PubMed: 17219415MGI: J:121635
- Fraser FC. 1946. The expression and interaction of hereditary factors producing hypotrichosis in the mouse: histology and experimental results. Can J Res 24:10-25. MGI: J:14940
- Gallagher CH; Canfield PJ; Greenoak GE; Reeve VE. 1984. Characterization and histogenesis of tumors in the hairless mouse produced by low-dosage incremental ultraviolet radiation. J Invest Dermatol 83(3):169-74. PubMed: 6470519MGI: J:127204
- Gates AH; Arundell FD; Karasek MA. 1969. Hereditary defect of the pilosebaceous unit in a new double mutant mouse. J Invest Dermatol 52(2):115-8. PubMed: 5774889MGI: J:126589
- Gilliver SC; Emmerson E; Campbell L; Chambon P; Hardman MJ; Ashcroft GS. 2010. 17Beta-estradiol inhibits wound healing in male mice via estrogen receptor-alpha. Am J Pathol 176(6):2707-21. PubMed: 20448060MGI: J:161321
- Hachem JP; Houben E; Crumrine D; Man MQ; Schurer N; Roelandt T; Choi EH; Uchida Y; Brown BE; Feingold KR; Elias PM. 2006. Serine Protease Signaling of Epidermal Permeability Barrier Homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 126(9):2074-2086. PubMed: 16691196MGI: J:111734
- Halin C; Fahrngruber H; Meingassner JG; Bold G; Littlewood-Evans A; Stuetz A; Detmar M. 2008. Inhibition of chronic and acute skin inflammation by treatment with a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Am J Pathol 173(1):265-77. PubMed: 18535184MGI: J:137380
- Hansmann B; Ahrens K; Wu Z; Proksch E; Meyer-Hoffert U; Schroder JM. 2012. Murine filaggrin-2 is involved in epithelial barrier function and down-regulated in metabolically induced skin barrier dysfunction. Exp Dermatol 21(4):271-6. PubMed: 22417302MGI: J:182055
- Heiniger HJ; Huebner RJ; Meier H. 1976. Effect of allelic substitutions at the hairless locus on endogenous ecotropic murine leukemia virus titers and leukemogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 56(5):1073-4. PubMed: 186616MGI: J:5726
- Heiniger HJ; Meier H; Kaliss N; Cherry M; Chen HW; Stoner RD. 1974. Hereditary immunodeficiency and leukemogenesis in HRS-J mice. Cancer Res 34(1):201-11. PubMed: 4588546MGI: J:24605
- Heston WE. 1963. Genetics of Neoplasia. In: Methodology in Mammalian Genetics. Holden-Day, San Francisco. MGI: J:23470
- Hiai H; Morrissey P; Khiroya R; Schwartz RS. 1977. Selective expression of xenotropic virus in congenic HRS/J (hairless) mice. Nature 270(5634):247-9. PubMed: 201855MGI: J:5908
- Hirayama T; Van de Bittner GC; Gray LW; Lutsenko S; Chang CJ. 2012. Near-infrared fluorescent sensor for in vivo copper imaging in a murine Wilson disease model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(7):2228-33. PubMed: 22308360MGI: J:182626
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