JAX
Mouse Strain Datasheet - 000021
B6.Cg-Ay/J
Also Known As: lethal yellow
Nonagouti; agouti yellow (Ay) is a semidominant spontaneous mutation with homozygotes dying before implantation. Heterozygotes are characterized by obesity, yellow hair pigment, black eyes, elevated malic enzyme in the liver, and susceptibility to several kinds of tumors.
Read More +Genetic overview
| Genetic Background | Generation |
|---|---|
|
000664 C57BL/6J |
N110
|
Ay
| Allele Type | Gene Symbol | Gene Name |
|---|---|---|
| Spontaneous | a | nonagouti |
Research Applications
- Diabetes and Obesity Research
- Dermatology Research
- Endocrine Deficiency Research
- Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Internal/Organ Research
- Reproductive Biology Research
- Research Tools
Base Price
Starting at:
| $224.00 Domestic price for female |
| $248.72 Domestic price for breeder pair |
Disease Terms
Research Areas By Genotype
This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:
- Diabetes and Obesity Research
- Hyperglycemia
- Hyperinsulinemia
- Insulin Resistance
- Type 2 Diabetes (NIDDM)
Genotype: Ay related
- Dermatology Research
- Color and White Spotting Defects
- Diabetes and Obesity Research
- Obesity With Diabetes
- Endocrine Deficiency Research
- Adipose Defects
- Adrenal Cortex Defects
- Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
- Immunodeficiency Associated with Other Defects
- Internal/Organ Research
- Adipose Defects
- Adrenal Cortex Defects
- Reproductive Biology Research
- Endocrine Deficiencies Affecting Gonads
- Fertility Defects
- Research Tools
- Reproductive Biology Research
Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype
Genotype: Ay/A
involves: C57BL/6
adipose tissue phenotype
- increased brown adipose tissue amount
- female mice have a 6-fold gain in weight of BAT compared to littermate controls (MGI Ref ID J:131039)
- increased gonadal fat pad weight
- female mice have almost a 7-fold gain in weight of fat pad (MGI Ref ID J:131039)
- increased inguinal fat pad weight
- female mice have a greater than 6-fold gain in weight of fat pad (MGI Ref ID J:131039)
- increased percent body fat/body weight
- increased retroperitoneal fat pad weight
- female mice have almost a 6-fold gain in weight of fat pad (MGI Ref ID J:131039)
behavior/neurological phenotype
- hypoactivity
- the locomotor activity of mice is about half that of wild-type mice (MGI Ref ID J:131039)
- increased food intake
- 18 week old mice eat about 1.4 times more food during a 7 day period compared to wild-type controls (MGI Ref ID J:131039)
growth/size/body region phenotype
- increased body length
- female but not male mice have a significant 5% increase in their body length (MGI Ref ID J:131039)
- increased susceptibility to weight gain
- mice gain weight at a greater rate than littermate controls starting at six weeks of age (MGI Ref ID J:131039)
- obese
- by 23 weeks of age, female mice have almost double the weight compared to their wild-type littermate controls (MGI Ref ID J:131039)
homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- increased circulating leptin level
- circulating levels of leptin are over 12-fold higher compared to littermate controls (MGI Ref ID J:131039)
liver/biliary system phenotype
- increased liver weight
- female mice have almost a 2-fold gain in weight of the liver (MGI Ref ID J:131039)
pigmentation phenotype
- yellow coat color
- mice have a yellow coat color (MGI Ref ID J:131039)
integument phenotype
- yellow coat color
- mice have a yellow coat color (MGI Ref ID J:131039)
Genotype: Ay/a
B6.Cg-Ay/J
behavior/neurological phenotype
- abnormal food intake
- the stress of isolation, restraint, or ip injection inhibits feeding (MGI Ref ID J:102986)
pigmentation phenotype
- abnormal hair follicle melanogenesis
integument phenotype
- abnormal hair follicle melanogenesis
The following phenotype information is associated with a similar, but not exact match to this JAX® Mice strain
Genotype: Ay/Ay
101-Ay
cellular phenotype
- maternal effect
- introducing homozygous Ay embryos into the uterus of a wild-type mouse delays embryonic death until after implantation begins (MGI Ref ID J:174504)
- there are approximately twice the number of cells, development of a small ectoplacental cone and Reichert's membrane, and disintegration of the decidual epithelium characteristic of an advanced implantation site (MGI Ref ID J:174504)
mortality/aging
- embryonic lethality
- (MGI Ref ID J:174504)
- embryonic lethality at implantation, complete penetrance
- Background Sensitivity - the genotype of the mother, with or without Ay, determines if a homozygous embryo dies at the initial stage of implantation or after the process begins (MGI Ref ID J:174504)
- putative homozygous embryos appear as small masses of vacuolated cells in decidual crypts at the time normal embryos are implanting; the abnormal embryo is resorbed within 36 hours (MGI Ref ID J:174504)
Genotype: Ay/a
involves: KK
homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- abnormal lipid homeostasis
- hyperglycemia
- impaired glucose tolerance
- (MGI Ref ID J:26460)
- increased circulating insulin level
- markedly elevated plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) level increases with age (MGI Ref ID J:26460)
- increased urine glucose level
- present at all ages tested (5, 10, 16 weeks) and in both sexes (MGI Ref ID J:26460)
- insulin resistance
- insulin sensitivity is impaired at 10 weeks and lost by 16 weeks (MGI Ref ID J:26460)
adipose tissue phenotype
- increased total body fat amount
- adipose tissue weight increases with age, reaching a maximum at 10 weeks of age (MGI Ref ID J:26460)
growth/size/body region phenotype
- increased susceptibility to weight gain
- greater body weight gain occurs in females as compared to black KK controls (MGI Ref ID J:26460)
endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
- abnormal pancreatic islet morphology
- degranulated pancreatic beta cells
renal/urinary system phenotype
- abnormal renal glomerulus morphology
- some glomeruli exhibit an accumulation of eosinophilic material in the outer parts of the capillary (MGI Ref ID J:26460)
- abnormal renal tubule morphology
- dilated renal tubules
- (MGI Ref ID J:26460)
- expanded mesangial matrix
- mesangial matrix is thickened (MGI Ref ID J:26460)
- increased renal glomerulus basement membrane thickness
- basement membrane of Bowman's capsules is thickened (MGI Ref ID J:26460)
- increased urine glucose level
- present at all ages tested (5, 10, 16 weeks) and in both sexes (MGI Ref ID J:26460)
- renal cast
- hyaline materials or hyaline cast is present in tubules (MGI Ref ID J:26460)
Phenotype Information
References
- Diani AR; Sawada GA; Hannah BA; Jodelis KS; Connell MA; Connell CL; Vidmar TJ; Wyse BM. 1987. Analysis of pancreatic islet cells and hormone content in the spontaneously diabetic KKAy mouse by morphometry, immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 412(1):53-61. PubMed: 2446417MGI: J:109946
- Robbins LS; Nadeau JH; Johnson KR; Kelly MA; Roselli-Rehfuss L; Baack E; Mountjoy KG; Cone RD. 1993. Pigmentation phenotypes of variant extension locus alleles result from point mutations that alter MSH receptor function. Cell 72(6):827-34. PubMed: 8458079MGI: J:4636
Additional References
- Bouchard G; Johnson D; Carver T; Paigen B; Carey MC. 2002. Cholesterol gallstone formation in overweight mice establishes that obesity per se is not linked directly to cholelithiasis risk. J Lipid Res 43(7):1105-13. PubMed: 12091495MGI: J:88773
- Bultman SJ; Klebig ML; Michaud EJ; Sweet HO; Davisson MT; Woychik RP. 1994. Molecular analysis of reverse mutations from nonagouti (a) to black-and-tan (a(t)) and white-bellied agouti (Aw) reveals alternative forms of agouti transcripts. Genes Dev 8(4):481-90. PubMed: 8125260MGI: J:16984
- Bultman SJ; Michaud EJ; Woychik RP. 1992. Molecular characterization of the mouse agouti locus. Cell 71(7):1195-204. PubMed: 1473152MGI: J:3523
- Chen Y; Duhl DM; Barsh GS. 1996. Opposite orientations of an inverted duplication and allelic variation at the mouse agouti locus. Genetics 144(1):265-77. PubMed: 8878692MGI: J:35710
- Duhl DM; Stevens ME; Vrieling H; Saxon PJ; Miller MW; Epstein CJ; Barsh GS. 1994. Pleiotropic effects of the mouse lethal yellow (Ay) mutation explained by deletion of a maternally expressed gene and the simultaneous production of agouti fusion RNAs. Development 120(6):1695-708. PubMed: 8050375MGI: J:18921
- Horvath TL; Diano S; Miyamoto S; Barry S; Gatti S; Alberati D; Livak F; Lombardi A; Moreno M; Goglia F; Mor G; Hamilton J; Kachinskas D; Horwitz B; Warden CH. 2003. Uncoupling proteins-2 and 3 influence obesity and inflammation in transgenic mice. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 27(4):433-42. PubMed: 12664076MGI: J:82916
- Hustad CM; Perry WL; Siracusa LD; Rasberry C; Cobb L; Cattanach BM; Kovatch R; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA. 1995. Molecular genetic characterization of six recessive viable alleles of the mouse agouti locus. Genetics 140(1):255-65. PubMed: 7635290MGI: J:24934
- Iwatsuka H; Shino A; Suzuoki Z. 1970. General survey of diabetic features of yellow KK mice. Endocrinol Jpn 17(1):23-35. PubMed: 5468422MGI: J:26460
- Klebig ML; Wilkinson JE; Geisler JG; Woychik RP. 1995. Ectopic expression of the agouti gene in transgenic mice causes obesity, features of type II diabetes, and yellow fur [see comments] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92(11):4728-32. PubMed: 7761391MGI: J:25738
- McPherron AC; Lee SJ. 2002. Suppression of body fat accumulation in myostatin-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 109(5):595-601. PubMed: 11877467MGI: J:75344
- Michaud EJ; Bultman SJ; Klebig ML; van Vugt MJ; Stubbs LJ; Russell LB; Woychik RP. 1994. A molecular model for the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the mouse lethal yellow (Ay) mutation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(7):2562-6. PubMed: 8146154MGI: J:17512
- Michaud EJ; Bultman SJ; Stubbs LJ; Woychik RP. 1993. The embryonic lethality of homozygous lethal yellow mice (Ay/Ay) is associated with the disruption of a novel RNA-binding protein. Genes Dev 7(7A):1203-13. PubMed: 8319910MGI: J:12911
- Michaud EJ; van Vugt MJ; Bultman SJ; Sweet HO; Davisson MT; Woychik RP. 1994. Differential expression of a new dominant agouti allele (Aiapy) is correlated with methylation state and is influenced by parental lineage. Genes Dev 8(12):1463-72. PubMed: 7926745MGI: J:18848
- Miller MW; Duhl DM; Vrieling H; Cordes SP; Ollmann MM; Winkes BM; Barsh GS. 1993. Cloning of the mouse agouti gene predicts a secreted protein ubiquitously expressed in mice carrying the lethal yellow mutation. Genes Dev 7(3):454-67. PubMed: 8449404MGI: J:4186
- Odaka H; Shino A; Ikeda H; Matsuo T. 1992. Antiobesity and antidiabetic actions of a new potent disaccharidase inhibitor in genetically obese-diabetic mice, KKA(y). J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 38(1):27-37. PubMed: 1629784MGI: J:1263
- Perry WL; Hustad CM; Swing DA; Jenkins NA; Copeland NG. 1995. A transgenic mouse assay for agouti protein activity. Genetics 140(1):267-74. PubMed: 7635291MGI: J:24932
- Shimizu H; Uehara Y; Negishi M; Shimomura Y; Takahashi M; Fukatsu A; Takahashi S; Tanaka Y; Kashima K; Kobayashi I. 1992. Altered monoamine metabolism in the hypothalamus of the genetically obese yellow (Ay/a) mouse. Exp Clin Endocrinol 99(1):45-8. PubMed: 1628697MGI: J:3201
- Siracusa LD; Russell LB; Eicher EM; Corrow DJ; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA. 1987. Genetic organization of the agouti region of the mouse. Genetics 117(1):93-100. PubMed: 3666442MGI: J:8877
- Takeda S; Elefteriou F; Levasseur R; Liu X; Zhao L; Parker KL; Armstrong D; Ducy P; Karsenty G. 2002. Leptin regulates bone formation via the sympathetic nervous system. Cell 111(3):305-17. PubMed: 12419242MGI: J:79873
- Tsuruta Y; Yoshimatsu H; Hidaka S; Kondou S; Okamoto K; Sakata T. 2002. Hyperleptinemia in A(y)/a mice upregulates arcuate cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript expression. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282(4):E967-73. PubMed: 11882520MGI: J:75872
- Vrieling H; Duhl DM; Millar SE; Miller KA; Barsh GS. 1994. Differences in dorsal and ventral pigmentation result from regional expression of the mouse agouti gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(12):5667-71. PubMed: 8202545MGI: J:18750
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Additional - Ay related
- Abrahamson DR; Isom K; Roach E; Stroganova L; Zelenchuk A; Miner JH; St John PL. 2007. Laminin compensation in collagen alpha3(IV) knockout (Alport) glomeruli contributes to permeability defects. J Am Soc Nephrol 18(9):2465-72. PubMed: 17699809MGI: J:148663
- Adachi Y; Yoshida J; Kodera Y; Kiss T; Jakusch T; Enyedy EA; Yoshikawa Y; Sakurai H. 2006. Oral administration of a zinc complex improves type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndromes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 351(1):165-70. PubMed: 17052688MGI: J:115628
- Adams SH; Won WB; Schonhoff SE; Leiter AB; Paterniti JR Jr. 2004. Effects of peptide YY[3-36] on short-term food intake in mice are not affected by prevailing plasma ghrelin levels. Endocrinology 145(11):4967-75. PubMed: 15284202MGI: J:105614
- Aizawa-Abe M; Ogawa Y; Masuzaki H; Ebihara K; Satoh N; Iwai H; Matsuoka N; Hayashi T; Hosoda K; Inoue G; Yoshimasa Y; Nakao K. 2000. Pathophysiological role of leptin in obesity-related hypertension. J Clin Invest 105(9):1243-52. PubMed: 10791999MGI: J:62110
- Bergmann C; Fliegauf M; Bruchle NO; Frank V; Olbrich H; Kirschner J; Schermer B; Schmedding I; Kispert A; Kranzlin B; Nurnberg G; Becker C; Grimm T; Girschick G; Lynch SA; Kelehan P; Senderek J; Neuhaus TJ; Stallmach T; Zentgraf H; Nurnberg P; Gretz N; Lo C; Lienkamp S; Schafer T; Walz G; Benzing T; Zerres K; Omran H. 2008. Loss of nephrocystin-3 function can cause embryonic lethality, Meckel-Gruber-like syndrome, situs inversus, and renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia. Am J Hum Genet 82(4):959-70. PubMed: 18371931MGI: J:139258
- Bernal-Mizrachi C; Weng S; Li B; Nolte LA; Feng C; Coleman T; Holloszy JO; Semenkovich CF. 2002. Respiratory uncoupling lowers blood pressure through a leptin-dependent mechanism in genetically obese mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 22(6):961-8. PubMed: 12067905MGI: J:127971
- Bjorbaek C; Elmquist JK; Frantz JD; Shoelson SE; Flier JS. 1998. Identification of SOCS-3 as a potential mediator of central leptin resistance. Mol Cell 1(4):619-25. PubMed: 9660946MGI: J:119803
- Boston BA; Blaydon KM; Varnerin J; Cone RD. 1997. Independent and additive effects of central POMC and leptin pathways on murine obesity. Science 278(5343):1641-4. PubMed: 9374468MGI: J:44399
- Bouchard G; Johnson D; Carver T; Paigen B; Carey MC. 2002. Cholesterol gallstone formation in overweight mice establishes that obesity per se is not linked directly to cholelithiasis risk. J Lipid Res 43(7):1105-13. PubMed: 12091495MGI: J:88773
- Bultman SJ; Michaud EJ; Woychik RP. 1992. Molecular characterization of the mouse agouti locus. Cell 71(7):1195-204. PubMed: 1473152MGI: J:3523
- Calarco PG; Pedersen RA. 1976. Ultrastructural observations of lethal yellow (Ay/Ay) mouse embryos. J Embryol Exp Morphol 35(1):73-80. PubMed: 178819MGI: J:5650
- Chakraborty S; Sachdev A; Salton SR; Chakraborty TR. 2008. Stereological analysis of estrogen receptor expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of ob/ob and agouti mice. Brain Res 1217:86-95. PubMed: 18502406MGI: J:138366
- Chen HC; Stone SJ; Zhou P; Buhman KK; Farese RV Jr. 2002. Dissociation of obesity and impaired glucose disposal in mice overexpressing acyl coenzyme a:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 in white adipose tissue. Diabetes 51(11):3189-95. PubMed: 12401709MGI: J:107180
- Chiellini C; Costa M; Novelli SE; Amri EZ; Benzi L; Bertacca A; Cohen P; Del Prato S; Friedman JM; Maffei M. 2003. Identification of cathepsin K as a novel marker of adiposity in white adipose tissue. J Cell Physiol 195(2):309-21. PubMed: 12652657MGI: J:106181
- Cizadlo GR; Granholm NH. 1978. Ultrastructural analysis of preimplantation lethal yellow (Ay/Ay) mouse embryos. J Embryol Exp Morphol 45(1):13-24. PubMed: 670858MGI: J:6010
- Clark EA; Shultz LD; Pollack SB. 1981. Mutations in mice that influence natural killer (NK) cell activity. Immunogenetics 12(5-6):601-13. PubMed: 6971254MGI: J:6485
- Coenen KR; Gruen ML; Lee-Young RS; Puglisi MJ; Wasserman DH; Hasty AH. 2009. Impact of macrophage toll-like receptor 4 deficiency on macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and the artery wall in mice. Diabetologia 52(2):318-28. PubMed: 19052722MGI: J:144370
- Copeland NG; Jenkins NA; Lee BK. 1983. Association of the lethal yellow (Ay) coat color mutation with an ecotropic murine leukemia virus genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80(1):247-9. PubMed: 6296870MGI: J:6968
- Cota CD; Liu RR; Sumberac TM; Jung S; Vencato D; Millet YH; Gunn TM. 2008. Genetic and phenotypic studies of the dark-like mutant mouse. Genesis 46(10):562-73. PubMed: 18821597MGI: J:143333
- Czyzyk TA; Sikorski MA; Yang L; McKnight GS. 2008. Disruption of the RIIbeta subunit of PKA reverses the obesity syndrome of Agouti lethal yellow mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(1):276-81. PubMed: 18172198MGI: J:131039
- De Souza J; Butler AA; Cone RD. 2000. Disproportionate inhibition of feeding in A(y) mice by certain stressors: a cautionary note. Neuroendocrinology 72(2):126-32. PubMed: 10971147MGI: J:102986
- Dickie MM. 1969. Mutations at the agouti locus in the mouse. J Hered 60(1):20-5. PubMed: 5798139MGI: J:30922
- Ding S; McEntee MF; Whelan J; Zemel M. 2007. Adiposity-related protection of intestinal tumorigenesis: interaction with dietary calcium. Nutr Cancer 58(2):153-61. PubMed: 17640161MGI: J:138109
- Dinulescu DM; Fan W; Boston BA; McCall K; Lamoreux ML; Moore KJ; Montagno J; Cone RD. 1998. Mahogany (mg) stimulates feeding and increases basal metabolic rate independent of its suppression of agouti. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95(21):12707-12. PubMed: 9770550MGI: J:50336
- Duhl DM; Stevens ME; Vrieling H; Saxon PJ; Miller MW; Epstein CJ; Barsh GS. 1994. Pleiotropic effects of the mouse lethal yellow (Ay) mutation explained by deletion of a maternally expressed gene and the simultaneous production of agouti fusion RNAs. Development 120(6):1695-708. PubMed: 8050375MGI: J:18921
- Dunn LC. 1928. A Fifth Allelomorph in the Agouti Series of the House Mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 14(10):816-9. PubMed: 16587414MGI: J:15011
- Dunn LC. 1936. Studies on multiple allelomorphic series in the house mouse. I. Description of agouti and albino series of allelomorphs J Genet 33:443-53. MGI: J:22600
- Dunn LC; Macdowell EC; Lebedeff GA. 1937. Studies on Spotting Patterns III. Interaction between Genes Affecting White Spotting and Those Affecting Color in the House Mouse. Genetics 22(2):307-18. PubMed: 17246842MGI: J:12954
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- Fujimoto W; Shiuchi T; Miki T; Minokoshi Y; Takahashi Y; Takeuchi A; Kimura K; Saito M; Iwanaga T; Seino S. 2007. Dmbx1 is essential in agouti-related protein action. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(39):15514-9. PubMed: 17873059MGI: J:125193
- Galbraith DB; Patrignani AM. 1976. Sulfhydryl compounds in melanocytes of yellow (Ay/a), nonagouti (a/a), and agouti (A/A) mice. Genetics 84(3):587-91. PubMed: 1001879MGI: J:5737
- Ganesan S; Nteeba J; Keating AF. 2014. Enhanced susceptibility of ovaries from obese mice to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced DNA damage. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 281(2):203-10. PubMed: 25448685MGI: J:217529
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- Gasser DL; Fischgrund T. 1973. Genetic control of the immune response in mice. IV. Relationship between graft vs host reactivity and possession of the high tumor genotypes A y a and A vy a. J Immunol 110(1):305-8. PubMed: 4405515MGI: J:5320
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- Granholm DE; Reese RN; Granholm NH. 1995. Agouti alleles influence thiol concentrations in hair follicles and extrafollicular tissues of mice (Ay/a, AwJ/AwJ, a/a). Pigment Cell Res 8(6):302-6. PubMed: 8789738MGI: J:31403
- Grempler R; Zibrova D; Schoelch C; van Marle A; Rippmann JF; Redemann N. 2007. Normalization of prandial blood glucose and improvement of glucose tolerance by liver-specific inhibition of SH2 domain containing inositol phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) in diabetic KKAy mice: SHIP2 inhibition causes insulin-mimetic effects on glycogen metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and glycolysis. Diabetes 56(9):2235-41. PubMed: 17596404MGI: J:126576
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- Hatakenaka N; Teramoto S. 1992. Effects of the Ay gene on the sensitive periods of hydrocortisone-induced cleft palate and palatal slit in mice Cong Anom 32:373-380. MGI: J:4329
- He L; Gunn TM; Bouley DM; Lu XY; Watson SJ; Schlossman SF; Duke-Cohan JS; Barsh GS. 2001. A biochemical function for attractin in agouti-induced pigmentation and obesity. Nat Genet 27(1):40-7. PubMed: 11137996MGI: J:66735
- Heaney JD; Michelson MV; Youngren KK; Lam MY; Nadeau JH. 2009. Deletion of eIF2beta suppresses testicular cancer incidence and causes recessive lethality in agouti-yellow mice. Hum Mol Genet 18(8):1395-404. PubMed: 19168544MGI: J:146879
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- Horike N; Kumagai A; Shimono Y; Onishi T; Itoh Y; Sasaki T; Kitagawa K; Hatano O; Takagi H; Susumu T; Teraoka H; Kusano K; Nagaoka Y; Kawahara H; Takemori H. 2010. Downregulation of SIK2 expression promotes the melanogenic program in mice. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 23(6):809-19. PubMed: 20819186MGI: J:215877
- Horvath TL; Diano S; Miyamoto S; Barry S; Gatti S; Alberati D; Livak F; Lombardi A; Moreno M; Goglia F; Mor G; Hamilton J; Kachinskas D; Horwitz B; Warden CH. 2003. Uncoupling proteins-2 and 3 influence obesity and inflammation in transgenic mice. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 27(4):433-42. PubMed: 12664076MGI: J:82916
- Hosokawa M; Miyashita T; Nishikawa S; Emi S; Tsukui T; Beppu F; Okada T; Miyashita K. 2010. Fucoxanthin regulates adipocytokine mRNA expression in white adipose tissue of diabetic/obese KK-Ay mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 504(1):17-25. PubMed: 20515643MGI: J:169273
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