Overview

Also Known As:tail-short

Heterozygous mice exhibit skeletal abnormalities. Homozygous mice die early in embryonic development.

Genetic overview

Genetic Background	Generation

Rpl38^Ts

Allele Type	Gene Symbol	Gene Name
Spontaneous	Rpl38	ribosomal protein L38

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Research Applications

Developmental Biology Research
Hematological Research

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Details

Detailed Description

Homozygosity for the tail short mutation causes early embryonic lethality. Heterozygotes are smaller than normal and have variably shortened tails with flexures. Skeletal abnormalities are found with varying expressivity including vertebral fusions, bilateral asymmetry of the length of the humerus and tibia, triphalangy of digit 1 of the forefoot, an extra pair of ribs, and craniofacial defects. Embryonic anemia and reduced fertility are also found.

Development

The Ts mutation arose spontaneously in 1946 at the National Cancer Institute in BALB/c (strain C of the Bagg albino strain) when that inbred was at generation F63. W.C. Morgan gave this mutant subline to George Snell at The Jackson Laboratory in 1950 and Snell outcrossed it to C57BL/6, C57BR/a, and BALB/cSn before inbreeding began on this new background and the line was transferred to Skippy Lane. The TSJ/Le inbred reached generation F41 in 1979 and F130 in 2007. When this inbred reached generation F132 it was backcrossed repeatedly to BALB/cJ and in 2010 sperm was cryopreserved from males heterozygous for Ts and Tyr^c and homozygous for Tyrp1^b then at generation N4. Cryorecovery using BALB/cJ females for in vitro fertilization has proven successful.

Selected References

Brotherton TW; Chui DH; McFarland EC; Russell ES. 1979. Fetal erythropoiesis and hemoglobin ontogeny in tail-short (Ts/+) mutant mice. Blood 54(3):673-83PubMed: 465735 MGI: J:6184
Deol MS. 1961. Genetical studies on the skeleton of the mouse. XXVIII. Tail-short Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 155:78-95MGI: J:15012
MORGAN WC. 1950. A new tail-short mutation in the mouse whose lethal effects are conditioned by the residual genotypes. J Hered 41(8):208-15PubMed: 14779008 MGI: J:13063
Paterson HF. 1980. In vivo and in vitro studies on the early embryonic lethal tail-short (Ts) in the mouse. J Exp Zool 211(2):247-56PubMed: 7373273 MGI: J:6315

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Genetics

Rpl38^Ts

Allele Symbol: Rpl38^Ts

Allele Name	tail-short
Allele Type	Spontaneous
Allele Synonym(s)	T-s
Gene Symbol and Name	Rpl38, ribosomal protein L38
Gene Synonym(s)
Strain of Origin	BALB/c
Chromosome	11
Molecular Note	An 18,189 kb region (from position 114,517 - 114,536 kb) was deleted and replaced with a 657 bp insertion showing high sequence similarity to the gag/pro-pol-dUTPase genes of the endogenous retrovirus MuERV-L. This deletion encompasses all of the exons of Rpl38.

Disease/Phenotype

Disease Terms

Model with phenotypic similarity to human disease where etiologies are distinct. Human genes are associated with this disease. Orthologs of these genes do not appear in the mouse genotype(s).

otitis media

Research Areas By Phenotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts related

Developmental Biology Research
- Growth Defects
- Skeletal Defects
  - Oligodactyly
- Embryonic Lethality (Homozygous)
- Craniofacial and Palate Defects
- Internal/Organ Defects
  - heart
  - vasculature
Hematological Research
- Anemia, Iron Deficiency and Transport Defects

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

The following phenotype information is associated with a similar, but not exact match to this JAX^® Mice strain

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(TSJ/Le x C3.SW-H2/SnJ)F1

mortality/aging

postnatal lethality, complete penetrance
Background Sensitivity - the short tail phenotype is entirely missing from litters at wean age and litters are smaller than normal
(MGI Ref ID J:47940)

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(BALB/c x A)F1

mortality/aging

embryonic lethality, complete penetrance
Background Sensitivity - no mutant offspring were found in this cross and litters average 3.53 pups instead of 7.74, so tail short is believed to be a complete heterozygous lethal when crossed to the A inbred background
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
TSJ/Le

craniofacial phenotype

abnormal oval window morphology
at 3 weeks of age large aggregates of fine crystals are often seen within the round window and at the oval window
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)

abnormal round window morphology
at 11 weeks of age there is a 1.5 fold increase in the volume of ectopic endochondral bone on the round window ridge
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)
at 3 weeks of age locally restricted neo-ossification is seen on the round window ridge
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)
at 3 weeks of age large aggregates of fine crystals are often seen within the round window and at the oval window
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)

short snout
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)

growth/size/body region phenotype

decreased body weight
at 8 weeks of age
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)

omphalocele
in a small number of embryos
(MGI Ref ID J:6184)

short snout
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)

embryonic growth retardation
although the total hemoglobin content is lower in age matched mutant and wildtype embryos the ratio of hemoglobin content to embryo weight is normal indicating that the diminished hemoglobin level is part of the embryonic growth retardation
(MGI Ref ID J:6184)
tal weight
(MGI Ref ID J:6184)
at embryonic day 11 mutants and wildtype can not be readily distinguished by growth retardation, but at embryonic day 12 mutants are clearly smaller and an approximately 1 day delay in development persists and is evident in reduced fetal weight and placental weight
(MGI Ref ID J:6184)

hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype

abnormal hearing physiology
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)

increased or absent threshold for auditory brainstem response
at 8 weeks of age thresholds are increased at 8, 16, and 32 kHz, the average increase is 28db
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)
increased thresholds to click and 8 kHz stimuli at 4 weeks of age
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)

increased susceptibility to otitis media
at 2 weeks of age the periosteal layer appears dilated, swollen, and delaminated from the underlying bone
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)
chronic inflammation with effusion
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)
inflammation persists at 36 and 56 weeks of age
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)

abnormal round window morphology
at 11 weeks of age there is a 1.5 fold increase in the volume of ectopic endochondral bone on the round window ridge
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)
at 3 weeks of age large aggregates of fine crystals are often seen within the round window and at the oval window
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)
at 3 weeks of age locally restricted neo-ossification is seen on the round window ridge
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)

conductive hearing loss
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)

abnormal auditory tube morphology
enlarged at 3, 4, 12 and 36 weeks of age
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)

abnormal oval window morphology
at 3 weeks of age large aggregates of fine crystals are often seen within the round window and at the oval window
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)

abnormal distortion product otoacoustic emission
decrease in emissions at the tone 1 = 75 db stimulus level over a wide range of frequencies at 3 weeks of age
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)

abnormal middle ear morphology
excess deposition of fine crystals frequently filling the entire cavity
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)
in some cases crystals surround and even cover the stapes
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)

hematopoietic system phenotype

abnormal embryonic erythropoiesis
embryonic day 11-13 primitive nucleated erythrocytes have increased mitotic indices
(MGI Ref ID J:6184)
delayed fetal hepatic erythropoiesis wherein embyronic day 12 mutants have primarily immature erythroid precursors and wildtype controls have many immature and mature erythroblasts
(MGI Ref ID J:6184)
embryonic day 12-14 primitive nucleated erythrocytes have less hemoglobin content per cell than normal
(MGI Ref ID J:6184)
embryonic day 13 only 7% of the circulating cells are small non-nucleated erythrocytes compared with one third of the circulating cells in wildtype controls
(MGI Ref ID J:6184)

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

increased circulating phosphate level
increase in organic phosphate levels
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)

immune system phenotype

increased susceptibility to otitis media
at 2 weeks of age the periosteal layer appears dilated, swollen, and delaminated from the underlying bone
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)
inflammation persists at 36 and 56 weeks of age
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)
chronic inflammation with effusion
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

short tail
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)
as early as embryonic day 11
(MGI Ref ID J:6184)

mammalian phenotype

hematopoietic system phenotype
Normal - the changes in the three hemoglobins expressed during fetal development from embryonic day 10 to 15 are normal
(MGI Ref ID J:6184)

nervous system phenotype

anencephaly
in a small number of embryos
(MGI Ref ID J:6184)

skeleton phenotype

abnormal oval window morphology
at 3 weeks of age large aggregates of fine crystals are often seen within the round window and at the oval window
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)

abnormal round window morphology
at 11 weeks of age there is a 1.5 fold increase in the volume of ectopic endochondral bone on the round window ridge
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)
at 3 weeks of age large aggregates of fine crystals are often seen within the round window and at the oval window
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)
at 3 weeks of age locally restricted neo-ossification is seen on the round window ridge
(MGI Ref ID J:168509)

embryo phenotype

abnormal embryonic erythropoiesis
delayed fetal hepatic erythropoiesis wherein embyronic day 12 mutants have primarily immature erythroid precursors and wildtype controls have many immature and mature erythroblasts
(MGI Ref ID J:6184)
embryonic day 13 only 7% of the circulating cells are small non-nucleated erythrocytes compared with one third of the circulating cells in wildtype controls
(MGI Ref ID J:6184)
embryonic day 12-14 primitive nucleated erythrocytes have less hemoglobin content per cell than normal
(MGI Ref ID J:6184)
embryonic day 11-13 primitive nucleated erythrocytes have increased mitotic indices
(MGI Ref ID J:6184)

embryonic growth retardation
tal weight
(MGI Ref ID J:6184)
although the total hemoglobin content is lower in age matched mutant and wildtype embryos the ratio of hemoglobin content to embryo weight is normal indicating that the diminished hemoglobin level is part of the embryonic growth retardation
(MGI Ref ID J:6184)
at embryonic day 11 mutants and wildtype can not be readily distinguished by growth retardation, but at embryonic day 12 mutants are clearly smaller and an approximately 1 day delay in development persists and is evident in reduced fetal weight and placental weight
(MGI Ref ID J:6184)

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(BALB/c x Y)F1

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

short tail
Background Sensitivity - the phenotype is similar to that found on the pure BALB/c background regardless of the presence or absence of lethal yellow
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(BALB/c x C57BR)F1

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

short tail
Background Sensitivity - this hybrid background yields a slightly milder phenotype such that most mutants have a phenotype similar to that on the pure BALB/c background, but a few have tails longer than one-half normal length
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(BALB/c x DBA)F1

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

absent tail
Background Sensitivity - no short tailed mice are generated, only a small number of tailless mice indicating a more severe expressivity with the DBA background
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38^Ts
BALB/c-Rpl38

cellular phenotype

abnormal nucleolus morphology
in embryonic day 3.5 presumed homozygous embryos nucleoli appear very ragged in outline and irregularly distribted in th nucleoplasm
(MGI Ref ID J:6315)

growth/size/body region phenotype

embryonic growth retardation
(MGI Ref ID J:6315)

decreased embryo size
due to reduced number of embryonic cells
(MGI Ref ID J:6315)

mortality/aging

embryonic lethality at implantation, incomplete penetrance
at embryonic day 4.5 of heterozygous intercrosses there are fewer than the Mendelian expected 25% abnormal, presumed homozygous, embryos and the litter size is reduced suggesting the loss of some homozygotes between embryonic days 3.5 and 4.5
(MGI Ref ID J:6315)
the number of implantations at 7 and 8 days of pregnancy in heterozygous intercrosses is a quarter less than normal indicating that homozygotes die before implantation or soon afterwards
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

embryonic lethality, complete penetrance
in vitro culturing does not rescue embryos
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)
all are detectable as unhealthy morula at embryonic day 3.5 and are dead by E5.5
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

embryo phenotype

decreased embryo size
due to reduced number of embryonic cells
(MGI Ref ID J:6315)

embryonic growth arrest
re undergoing uterine attachment
(MGI Ref ID J:6315)
at embryonic day 4.5 presumed homozygotes are retarded in developmental stage and cell number such that there is no clear delineation into inner cell mass and trophoblast, and these presumed homozygotes do not show signs of invasiveness when littermates are undergoing uterine attachment
(MGI Ref ID J:6315)
embryonic culture beginning at approximately day 3.5 confirms the in vivo findings
(MGI Ref ID J:6315)
at embryonic day 3.5 there are approximately 13.7 cells per embryo instead of the normal 30.3, haematoxylin staining is much more pale, and the nucleoli often appear ragged in outline and irregularly ditributed throughout the nucleoplasm
(MGI Ref ID J:6315)
at embryonic day 5.5 there are very few abnormal embryos compared with earlier timepoints and these are in various stages of degeneration
(MGI Ref ID J:6315)

abnormal blastocyst morphology
(MGI Ref ID J:6315)

abnormal preimplantation embryo development
retarded cell division begins after the third cleavage such that there are only half the normal number of cells on embryonic day 3.5 and 20% the normal number on embryonic day 4.5
(MGI Ref ID J:6315)

embryonic growth retardation
(MGI Ref ID J:6315)

absent blastocoele
at embryonic day 3.5 presumed homozygotes have not formed a blastocoele
(MGI Ref ID J:6315)

abnormal blastocoele morphology
(MGI Ref ID J:6315)

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(BALB/c x C3H)F1

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

abnormal forelimb morphology
on occassion foreleg shortened and turned mediad such that it resembles a flipper
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

absent tail
Background Sensitivity - none of the (BALB/c x C3H)F1 mice have tails, far more severe than the short tail phenotype of the BALB/c background
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

absent caudal vertebrae
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

oligodactyly
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

abnormal digit morphology
frequency is approximately 80% on the left forefoot, 10-15% on the right forefoot, and less than 10% on the hindfeet
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

polydactyly
more common than oligodactyly and nearly always present in tailless heterozygotes
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

mortality/aging

perinatal lethality, incomplete penetrance
Background Sensitivity - half of the tailless mutants are born dead and some of these are almost devoid of blood and sometimes lack vescera
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

nervous system phenotype

incomplete rostral neuropore closure
Background Sensitivity - some of the tailless subset are found to have spina bifida and even a dorsal cephalic opening due to failure of cranial fusion over the brain
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

spina bifida
Background Sensitivity - in some of the tailless subset
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

pigmentation phenotype

irregular coat pigmentation
Background Sensitivity - tailless subset of mutants have white hairs on the front legs that looks like white stockings
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

belly spot
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

reproductive system phenotype

reduced fertility
Background Sensitivity - none of the 4 surviving tailless heterozygotes bred; the one surviving female tailless heterozygote birthed one litter of 3 pups then died
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

skeleton phenotype

decreased cranium height
Background Sensitivity - in all of the tailless subset
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

abnormal nasal bone morphology
non-fusion of the nasals at the anterior end of the skull is often found
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

absent caudal vertebrae
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

increased cranium width
Background Sensitivity - in all of the tailless subset
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

craniofacial phenotype

increased cranium width
Background Sensitivity - in all of the tailless subset
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

decreased cranium height
Background Sensitivity - in all of the tailless subset
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

abnormal nasal bone morphology
non-fusion of the nasals at the anterior end of the skull is often found
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

embryo phenotype

spina bifida
Background Sensitivity - in some of the tailless subset
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

incomplete rostral neuropore closure
Background Sensitivity - some of the tailless subset are found to have spina bifida and even a dorsal cephalic opening due to failure of cranial fusion over the brain
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

growth/size/body region phenotype

decreased body length
Background Sensitivity - shorter than heterozygotes on the BALB/c background and only approximnately two-thirds the body length of wildtype F1 controls
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

hematopoietic system phenotype

anemia
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

integument phenotype

belly spot
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

irregular coat pigmentation
Background Sensitivity - tailless subset of mutants have white hairs on the front legs that looks like white stockings
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(TSJ/Le x C57BL/6JJcl)F1

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

short tail
Background Sensitivity - the outcross to a C57BL/6J background resulted in a shorter average tail length than on the pure TSJ/Le background
(MGI Ref ID J:47940)

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(TSJ/Le x AKR/J)F1

mortality/aging

postnatal lethality, complete penetrance
Background Sensitivity - the short tail phenotype is entirely missing from litters at wean age and litters are smaller than normal
(MGI Ref ID J:47940)

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(TSJ/Le x CBA/J)F1

mortality/aging

postnatal lethality, complete penetrance
Background Sensitivity - the short tail phenotype is entirely missing from litters at wean age and litters are smaller than normal
(MGI Ref ID J:47940)

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(BALB/c x I)F1

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

short tail
Background Sensitivity - the phenotype is similar to that found in pure BALB/c
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(BALB/c x L)F1

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

short tail
Background Sensitivity - the phenotype is similar to that found in pure BALB/c
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(TSJ/Le x A/JSlc)F1

mortality/aging

postnatal lethality, complete penetrance
Background Sensitivity - the short tail phenotype is entirely missing from litters at wean age and litters are smaller than normal
(MGI Ref ID J:47940)

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
BALB/c-Rpl38

growth/size/body region phenotype

abnormal nasal cavity morphology
nasals are short, malformed and usually fused to the frontals, and the nasal processes are greadly reduced and sometimes bent sideways
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

decreased body size
evident as early as embryonic day 9
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

decreased body weight
mutants weigh considerably less at birth and this persists throughout life
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

embryonic growth retardation
by embryonic day 14 there is a developmental delay of approximately 1 day, but by embyronic day 17 this delay is decreased
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

decreased body length
slightly shortened body length of 85-95 mm versus 101 mm wildtype
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

short snout
in the most severely affected
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

cardiovascular system phenotype

abnormal placenta vasculature
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

abnormal vitelline vasculature morphology
blood vessels are paler, thinner, fewer in the placenta and yolk sac
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

abnormal heart development
at embryonic day 12 to 13 the atrium is abnormally large, the verntricle abnormally small, the walls of the ventricle are thin and the trabeculae poorly developed, but the heart is normal at embryonic day 17
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

hematopoietic system phenotype

anemia
anemia is reported from embryonic day 9, pronounced at embryonic day 14, but newborns are not anemic
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

abnormal autopod morphology
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)
in a few cases the front paw is shortened and turned inward resembling a flipper
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

abnormal metacarpal bone morphology
feet can have fusions, absence of bones, and extra phalanges
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

abnormal humerus morphology
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

short radius
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

short tail
variable tail length ranging from 8-45 mm versus 103 mm for wildtype, but no tailless mice found
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)
varied penetrance, tail ranges from a small stump to approximately seven-eighths normal length
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

small caudal vertebrae
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

caudal vertebral fusion
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)
common in heterozygotes and take place at all angles
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

kinked tail
varying number of flexures due to irregular fusion of the vertebrae
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)
the tail is usually kinked and sometimes curled
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

short femur
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

short humerus
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

curly tail
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

decreased caudal vertebrae number
there are fewer caudal vertebrae than normal and these are smaller than normal
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

abnormal metatarsal bone morphology
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

short tibia
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

mortality/aging

perinatal lethality, incomplete penetrance
normal segregation at embryonic day 17 from matings of heterozygote x wildtype, but less than Mendelian predicted ratio at birth
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

nervous system phenotype

abnormal neuromere morphology
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

wavy neural tube
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

abnormal neural tube morphology
affected in the trunk region until embryonic day 12 to 13 when it is thinner and when there are significant irregularities of shape and position of the notochord and neural tube.
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)
although nornmal at embryonic day 9, at embryonic day 10 to 11 the neural tube and notochord change shape, thickness and position several times along the length of the tail and the last somite is closer than normal to the tail tip. The neural tube is not affected in the trunk region until embryonic day 12 to 13 when it is thinner and when there are significant irregularities of shape and position of the notochord and neural tube.
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

abnormal olfactory bulb morphology
the brain is shortened longitudinally especially the olfactory region
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

respiratory system phenotype

abnormal nasal cavity morphology
nasals are short, malformed and usually fused to the frontals, and the nasal processes are greadly reduced and sometimes bent sideways
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

skeleton phenotype

caudal vertebral fusion
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)
common in heterozygotes and take place at all angles
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

abnormal sacral vertebrae morphology
4th sacral vertebrae often often has laterally directed transverse processes and well defined alae sacrales whereas normally the 4th sacral vertebrae has anteriorly directed transverse processes without well defined alae sacrales
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

short humerus
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

decreased cranium height
in the short-snouted heterozygotes
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

increased rib number
an additional pair of ribs is found along with the increase in thoracic vertebrae
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

increased sternebra number
an extra sternebra is found in some heterozygotes
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

rib fusion
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

decreased caudal vertebrae number
there are fewer caudal vertebrae than normal and these are smaller than normal
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

decreased length of long bones
the length of the left humerus is shorter and the length of the right tibia is shorter than normal resulting in lopsided leg length, and the radius and femur are also shortened in some instances
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

short femur
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

abnormal metatarsal bone morphology
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

increased cranium width
greater width of the frontal bones
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

small caudal vertebrae
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

abnormal vertebrae development
gaps in the vertebral arch or centrum
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

short radius
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

short tibia
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

abnormal sternebra morphology
in some heterozygotes the fifth sternebra appears to have been formed from two separate elements
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

sternebra fusion
sternebrae fusions are found in some heterozygotes
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

abnormal humerus morphology
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

abnormal metacarpal bone morphology
feet can have fusions, absence of bones, and extra phalanges
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

increased thoracic vertebrae number
heterozygotes usually have 14 instead of the usual 13 thoracic vertebrae
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

vertebral fusion
the vertebrae most susceptible to fusion are cervical 3 and 4 and thoracic 9, 10, and 11
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

craniofacial phenotype

increased cranium width
greater width of the frontal bones
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

abnormal nasal cavity morphology
nasals are short, malformed and usually fused to the frontals, and the nasal processes are greadly reduced and sometimes bent sideways
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

short snout
in the most severely affected
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

decreased cranium height
in the short-snouted heterozygotes
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

embryo phenotype

abnormal neural tube morphology
although nornmal at embryonic day 9, at embryonic day 10 to 11 the neural tube and notochord change shape, thickness and position several times along the length of the tail and the last somite is closer than normal to the tail tip. The neural tube is not affected in the trunk region until embryonic day 12 to 13 when it is thinner and when there are significant irregularities of shape and position of the notochord and neural tube.
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)
affected in the trunk region until embryonic day 12 to 13 when it is thinner and when there are significant irregularities of shape and position of the notochord and neural tube.
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

abnormal placenta vasculature
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

abnormal vitelline vasculature morphology
blood vessels are paler, thinner, fewer in the placenta and yolk sac
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

embryonic growth retardation
by embryonic day 14 there is a developmental delay of approximately 1 day, but by embyronic day 17 this delay is decreased
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

wavy neural tube
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

abnormal notochord morphology
although nornmal at embryonic day 9, at embryonic day 10 to 11 the neural tube and notochord change shape, thickness and position several times along the length of the tail and the last somite is closer than normal to the tail tip. The neural tube is not affected in the trunk region until embryonic day 12 to 13 when it is thinner and when there are significant irregularities of shape and position of the notochord and neural tube.
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)
affected in the trunk region until embryonic day 12 to 13 when it is thinner and when there are significant irregularities of shape and position of the notochord and neural tube.
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

abnormal neuromere morphology
(MGI Ref ID J:15012)

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(BALB/c x C57BL)F1

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

short tail
Background Sensitivity - this hybrid background yields a very mild phenotype such that more than half of the mutants are have a normal body length at birth and they have a less kinked, longer tail than the mutants do on the pure BALB/c background
(MGI Ref ID J:13063)

The following phenotype relates to a compound genotype created using this strain

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
involves: BALB/c

embryo phenotype

abnormal notochord morphology
lateral defelection of the notocord also confirmed at embryonic day 9.5
(MGI Ref ID J:803)
histology at embyronic day 9.5 shows many sections of the perinotochordal sheath are normal while nearby sections have varying degrees of disintegration of the notochordal sheath
(MGI Ref ID J:803)

References

Brotherton TW; Chui DH; McFarland EC; Russell ES. 1979. Fetal erythropoiesis and hemoglobin ontogeny in tail-short (Ts/+) mutant mice. Blood 54(3):673-83PubMed: 465735 MGI: J:6184
Deol MS. 1961. Genetical studies on the skeleton of the mouse. XXVIII. Tail-short Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 155:78-95MGI: J:15012
MORGAN WC. 1950. A new tail-short mutation in the mouse whose lethal effects are conditioned by the residual genotypes. J Hered 41(8):208-15PubMed: 14779008 MGI: J:13063
Paterson HF. 1980. In vivo and in vitro studies on the early embryonic lethal tail-short (Ts) in the mouse. J Exp Zool 211(2):247-56PubMed: 7373273 MGI: J:6315

Additional - Rpl38^Ts related

Technical Support

CONTACT TECHNICAL SUPPORT

Genotyping Protocols

Genotyping resources and troubleshooting

Appearance

agouti brown, tail defects
Related Genotype: A/A Tyrp1^b/Tyrp1^b Tyr^c/Tyr⁺ Ts/+

agouti brown, normal tail
Related Genotype: A/A Tyrp1^b/Tyrp1^b Tyr^c/Tyr⁺ +/+

albino, tail defects
Related Genotype: A/A Tyrp1^b/Tyrp1^b Tyr^c/Tyr^c Ts/+

albino, normal tail
Related Genotype: A/A Tyrp1^b/Tyrp1^b Tyr^c/Tyr^c +/+

Citation
When using the tail-short mouse strain in a publication, please cite the originating article(s) and include JAX stock #011114 in your Materials and Methods section.

Animal Health Reports

Facility Barrier Level Descriptions

Production of mice from cryopreserved embryos or sperm occurs in a maximum barrier room, G200

Pricing & Availability

Cryo Recovery

Domestic

International

Live Mouse

Age Genotype Price

weeks

Cryorecovery - Pricing

Service/Product Description Price

Heterozygous or Wild-type for Ts

Related Products and Services

Frozen Mouse Embryo C(TSJ)-Rpl38<Ts>/GrsrJ $2595.00
Frozen Mouse Embryo C(TSJ)-Rpl38<Ts>/GrsrJ $2595.00
Frozen Mouse Embryo C(TSJ)-Rpl38<Ts>/GrsrJ $3373.50
Frozen Mouse Embryo C(TSJ)-Rpl38<Ts>/GrsrJ $3373.50

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The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project. We do not guarantee breeding performance and therefore suggest that investigators order more than one breeding pair to avoid delays in their research.

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Frozen Mouse Embryo	C(TSJ)-Rpl38<Ts>/GrsrJ	$2595.00
Frozen Mouse Embryo	C(TSJ)-Rpl38<Ts>/GrsrJ	$2595.00
Frozen Mouse Embryo	C(TSJ)-Rpl38<Ts>/GrsrJ	$3373.50
Frozen Mouse Embryo	C(TSJ)-Rpl38<Ts>/GrsrJ	$3373.50

Also Known As:tail-short

Genetic overview

Research Applications

Base Price

Detailed Description

Development

Selected References

Rpl38Ts

Allele Symbol: Rpl38Ts

Disease Terms

Model with phenotypic similarity to human disease where etiologies are distinct. Human genes are associated with this disease. Orthologs of these genes do not appear in the mouse genotype(s).

Research Areas By Phenotype

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Genotype: Rpl38Ts related

Mammalian Phenotype Terms by Genotype

Genotype: Rpl38Ts/Rpl38+(TSJ/Le x C3.SW-H2/SnJ)F1

mortality/aging

Genotype: Rpl38Ts/Rpl38+(BALB/c x A)F1

mortality/aging

Genotype: Rpl38Ts/Rpl38+TSJ/Le

craniofacial phenotype

growth/size/body region phenotype

hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype

hematopoietic system phenotype

homeostasis/metabolism phenotype

immune system phenotype

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

mammalian phenotype

nervous system phenotype

skeleton phenotype

embryo phenotype

Genotype: Rpl38Ts/Rpl38+(BALB/c x Y)F1

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

Genotype: Rpl38Ts/Rpl38+(BALB/c x C57BR)F1

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

Genotype: Rpl38Ts/Rpl38+(BALB/c x DBA)F1

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

Genotype: Rpl38Ts/Rpl38TsBALB/c-Rpl38

cellular phenotype

growth/size/body region phenotype

mortality/aging

embryo phenotype

Genotype: Rpl38Ts/Rpl38+(BALB/c x C3H)F1

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

mortality/aging

nervous system phenotype

pigmentation phenotype

reproductive system phenotype

skeleton phenotype

craniofacial phenotype

embryo phenotype

growth/size/body region phenotype

hematopoietic system phenotype

integument phenotype

Genotype: Rpl38Ts/Rpl38+(TSJ/Le x C57BL/6JJcl)F1

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

Genotype: Rpl38Ts/Rpl38+(TSJ/Le x AKR/J)F1

mortality/aging

Genotype: Rpl38Ts/Rpl38+(TSJ/Le x CBA/J)F1

mortality/aging

Genotype: Rpl38Ts/Rpl38+(BALB/c x I)F1

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

Genotype: Rpl38Ts/Rpl38+(BALB/c x L)F1

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

Genotype: Rpl38Ts/Rpl38+(TSJ/Le x A/JSlc)F1

mortality/aging

Genotype: Rpl38Ts/Rpl38+BALB/c-Rpl38

growth/size/body region phenotype

cardiovascular system phenotype

hematopoietic system phenotype

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

mortality/aging

nervous system phenotype

respiratory system phenotype

skeleton phenotype

craniofacial phenotype

embryo phenotype

Genotype: Rpl38Ts/Rpl38+(BALB/c x C57BL)F1

limbs/digits/tail phenotype

Genotype: Rpl38Ts/Rpl38+involves: BALB/c

Rpl38^Ts

Allele Symbol: Rpl38^Ts

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts related

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(TSJ/Le x C3.SW-H2/SnJ)F1

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(BALB/c x A)F1

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
TSJ/Le

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(BALB/c x Y)F1

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(BALB/c x C57BR)F1

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(BALB/c x DBA)F1

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38^Ts
BALB/c-Rpl38

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(BALB/c x C3H)F1

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(TSJ/Le x C57BL/6JJcl)F1

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(TSJ/Le x AKR/J)F1

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(TSJ/Le x CBA/J)F1

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(BALB/c x I)F1

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(BALB/c x L)F1

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(TSJ/Le x A/JSlc)F1

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
BALB/c-Rpl38

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
(BALB/c x C57BL)F1

Genotype: Rpl38^Ts/Rpl38⁺
involves: BALB/c

Additional - Rpl38^Ts related