skeleton phenotype

• increased bone strength
  • Ca4, Ca5 and Ca6 caudal vertebrae from male transgenic mice can tolerate a 25% greater maximum load (N) in compression at 12 weeks and a 31% greater maximum load at 6 months of age than can vertebrae from age- and sex-matched controls
  (MGI Ref ID J:108829)
  • the energy to failure (Nmm) under compression of Ca4, Ca5 and Ca6 caudal vertebrae from male transgenic mice is 30% greater at 12 weeks and 55% greater at 6 months of age than that of vertebrae from age- and sex-matched controls
  (MGI Ref ID J:108829)
  • the axial stiffness (N/mm) under compression of Ca4, Ca5 and Ca6 caudal vertebrae from female transgenic mice is 39% greater at 6 months of age than that of vertebrae from age- and sex-matched wild-type controls; at 12 weeks, the difference was not significant
  (MGI Ref ID J:108829)
  • the energy to failure (Nmm) under compression of Ca4, Ca5 and Ca6 caudal vertebrae from female transgenic mice is 26% greater at 6 months of age than that of vertebrae from age- and sex-matched controls; at 12 weeks, the difference was not significant
  (MGI Ref ID J:108829)
  • icant
  (MGI Ref ID J:108829)
  • Ca4, Ca5 and Ca6 caudal vertebrae from female transgenic mice can tolerate a 32% greater maximum load (N) in compression at 6 months of age than can vertebrae from age- and sex-matched controls; at 12 weeks, the difference was not significant
  (MGI Ref ID J:108829)
  • the axial stiffness (N/mm) under compression of Ca4, Ca5 and Ca6 caudal vertebrae from male transgenic mice is 17% greater at 12 weeks and 36% greater at 6 months of age than that of vertebrae from age- and sex-matched wild-type controls
  (MGI Ref ID J:108829)

integument phenotype

• abnormal coat appearance
  • coats of hemizygous mice contain fewer guard hairs than wild-type controls'
  (MGI Ref ID J:109143)

• abnormal skin condition
  • skin of hemizygous mice exhibits unusual toughness or stiffness
  (MGI Ref ID J:109143)

mammalian phenotype

• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
  • Normal - radioimmunoassay for plasma levels of human growth hormone detected, on average, 536 ng/ml in 23 day old transgenic mice, which dropped to 228 ng/ml at 33 days and stabilized at ~195 ng/ml by 13 weeks, versus literature control values of 150-160 ng/ml of endogenous growth hormone
  (MGI Ref ID J:108828)
  • Normal - /ml of endogenous growth hormone
  (MGI Ref ID J:108828)

reproductive system phenotype

• reduced female fertility
  • hemizygous females are unreliable breeders and mothers
  (MGI Ref ID J:109143)

skeleton phenotype

• increased bone mineral density
  • radiographic analysis of the caudal vertebrae of transgenic mice reveals greater bone density than in sex-matched control littermates from age 3 weeks, the difference increasing over time to 25-30% by 9 months
  (MGI Ref ID J:108828)

• abnormal bone mineralization
  • transgenic mice exhibit delayed mineralization at secondary ossification centers (epiphyses), which at 17 days of age are obvious in bones of controls but poorly formed in transgenic bone, and at 28 days are almost completely fused in control, but not transgenic, bone
  (MGI Ref ID J:108828)
  • nsgenic, bone
  (MGI Ref ID J:108828)

• increased compact bone thickness
  • cortical bone thickness of the tibiae of transgenic mice is 20-45% greater than that of sex-matched control littermates
  (MGI Ref ID J:108828)

• abnormal vertebrae morphology
  • vertebrae of transgenic mice appear "blocky" in comparison to control vertebrae
  (MGI Ref ID J:108828)

reproductive system phenotype

• infertility
  • mice homozygous for this transgene are sterile
  (MGI Ref ID J:109143)