Csf1 (colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)) encodes a cytokine involved in the production, differentiation and function of macrophages. Increased numbers of macrophages are observed in human benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Pb-Csf1 transgenic mice express full length mouse Csf1 (colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)) under the control of the rat probasin (Pbrn) promoter. Expression is directed to mouse prostate epithelial cells, as well as the epididymis and seminal vesicles. Pb-Csf1 mice express CSF1 at approximately 60-fold higher levels than littermate controls. Mice hemizygous for the mutation are viable and fertile. The viability/fertility of homozygotes has not been assessed. Flow cytometry analysis indicates that there is a 2.65-fold increase in CD45+ leukocytes in the ventral prostate (VP) lobes of 1-year old mice. Multiple cytokines, chemokines and their receptors (52 out of 84) are upregulated by at least 1.5-fold in transgenic prostate tissues. Epithelial cells from the VP develop mild to moderate nuclear atypia and focal multilayering at around 16 weeks of age. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions are detected in the VP (but not the anterior prostate) in an area ranging from 54.2% to 97.6%, but do not progress to adenocarcinoma.

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Pb-Csf1 transgenic mice express full length mouse Csf1 (colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)) under the control of the rat probasin (Pbrn) promoter. Hemizygotes develop mild prostatic hyperplasia in the ventral prostate.

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