CRISPR/cas9 endonuclease mediated genome editing was used to fuse a Venus yellow fluorescent protein sequence to the C terminal of the hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (Hapln1) gene, also known as cartilage link protein (CRTL1). Hapln1 encodes a protein that creates a skeleton for the extracellular cartilage matrix (ECM) proteoglycans to bind to. It is essential for cartilage, ECM, and its specialized form known as perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs are protein- and carbohydrate-rich coatings that surround some neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and are locally modified when a synapse is strengthened. They play a role in memory stabilization and conservation. In these Hapln1-Venus mice, Venus fluorescence is evident in all ECM, PNN, and cartilage tissue. Homozygous mice are viable and fertile. Endogenous Hapln1 expression is not affected by this mutation.

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Hapln1-Venus CRISPR/Cas9 generated mutant mice contain a Venus yellow fluorescent protein sequence fused to the C terminal of the hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (Hapln1) gene. These mice are useful as for fluorescent imaging of perineuronal nets, extracellular matrix, and cartilage in vitro and in vivo.

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