The phenotype of TgN(MMTVTGFA)254Rjc transgenic mice is very similar to that of B6D2-TgN(MMTVTGFA)29Rjc (Stock No. 002373). Mice are viable and fertile, but lactate insufficiently to support the litter. Virgin transgenic mice show no mammary gland abnormalities prepubertally, but adult virgin mice have considerable alveolar gland hyperplasia. Pregnant transgenic mice show marked proliferation of the stromal cells, and alveolar secretion is markedly increased compared to nontransgenic mice. After multiple pregnancies, isolated adenocarcinomas develop. There is no apparent phenotypic effect in males. In females transgene expression was localized to the small ducts and alveoli in both virgin and pregnant mice as evidenced by in situ hybridization and by immunohistochemistry. Immunostaining also revealed some stromal staining in the hyperplastic areas. <i>Egfr</i> mRNA expression was also increased in mammary tissues expressing high levels of the transgene. Crosses between TGFA transgenic mice and TGFB1 transgenic mice demonstrate that these growth factors oppose each other's action on mammary gland development. The B6D2-TgN(MMTVTGFA)254Rjc line is notable for sebaceous gland hyperplasia, which occurs in both male and female mice. The hyperplasia was evidenced as multiple raised, white plaques and nodules on the abdominal skin. No dysplasia or sebaceous cell carcinoma was observed. High expression of TGFa mRNA and TGFa protein was detected in the areas of sebaceous hyperplasia.

These MMTV-TGF&alpha; mice express a transgene containing the normal allele of the human transforming growth factor alpha gene and adult females exhibit sebaceous gland hyperplasia and inadequate lactation in females. 


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