immune system phenotype

• increased leukocyte cell number
  • 2- to 3- fold increase in leukocyte count in spleen, blood, and peritoneal cavity
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

• abnormal cytokine secretion
  • chemokine expression is essentially absent
  (MGI Ref ID J:95222)
  • no Ifn-gamma produced in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue but it is found in the spleen
  (MGI Ref ID J:95222)

• abnormal immune serum protein physiology
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

• abnormal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue morphology
  • nasal-associated lymphoid tissue poorly developed and hypocellular
  (MGI Ref ID J:95222)

• abnormal spleen morphology
  • mixed T- and B-cell areas and the boundary between white and red pulp is less defined
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

• absent spleen marginal zone
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

• abnormal spleen B cell follicle morphology
  • absence of polarized B-cell follicles
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

• decreased IgG level
  • defecient IgG antibody production
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

• decreased spleen white pulp amount
  • gradual reduction of white pulp size
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

• abnormal class switch recombination
  • specific IgG antibodies are almost undetectable in SRBC immunized mutants, indicating defective class switching
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

• absent Peyer's patches
  • not grossly detectable
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

• increased IgM level
  • total IgM levels are increased to about 2-times that of wild-type, due to an increase in number of IgM producing plasma cells in the spleen
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

• absent spleen germinal center
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

hematopoietic system phenotype

• absent spleen marginal zone
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

• increased leukocyte cell number
  • 2- to 3- fold increase in leukocyte count in spleen, blood, and peritoneal cavity
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

• decreased spleen white pulp amount
  • gradual reduction of white pulp size
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

• abnormal spleen morphology
  • mixed T- and B-cell areas and the boundary between white and red pulp is less defined
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

• abnormal spleen B cell follicle morphology
  • absence of polarized B-cell follicles
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

• absent spleen germinal center
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

• abnormal class switch recombination
  • specific IgG antibodies are almost undetectable in SRBC immunized mutants, indicating defective class switching
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

• decreased IgG level
  • defecient IgG antibody production
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

• increased IgM level
  • total IgM levels are increased to about 2-times that of wild-type, due to an increase in number of IgM producing plasma cells in the spleen
  (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype

• abnormal thymus epithelium morphology
  • disorganized medullary thymic epithelial cells
  (MGI Ref ID J:173115)

• abnormal thymus medulla morphology
  • medullary areas are smaller in size and less frequently connected to each other than in wild-type mice
  (MGI Ref ID J:173115)

• small thymus medulla
  (MGI Ref ID J:173115)

hematopoietic system phenotype

• abnormal lymphocyte morphology
  • mice exhibit accumulation of lymphoid cell aggregates (B220+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes) in the liver and lung unlike in wild-type mice
  (MGI Ref ID J:173115)

• abnormal thymus medulla morphology
  • medullary areas are smaller in size and less frequently connected to each other than in wild-type mice
  (MGI Ref ID J:173115)

• small thymus medulla
  (MGI Ref ID J:173115)

• abnormal thymus epithelium morphology
  • disorganized medullary thymic epithelial cells
  (MGI Ref ID J:173115)

immune system phenotype

• abnormal lymphocyte morphology
  • mice exhibit accumulation of lymphoid cell aggregates (B220+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes) in the liver and lung unlike in wild-type mice
  (MGI Ref ID J:173115)

• abnormal thymus epithelium morphology
  • disorganized medullary thymic epithelial cells
  (MGI Ref ID J:173115)

• abnormal thymus medulla morphology
  • medullary areas are smaller in size and less frequently connected to each other than in wild-type mice
  (MGI Ref ID J:173115)

• small thymus medulla
  (MGI Ref ID J:173115)

immune system phenotype

• abnormal lymph organ development
  (MGI Ref ID J:73100)

hematopoietic system phenotype

• abnormal class switch recombination
  • 19 days after immunization with OVA, mice display an isotype switch to IgG from IgM that is several fold decreased compared to wild-type
  (MGI Ref ID J:109621)

• increased leukocyte cell number
  • neutrophil, monocyte, platelet counts normal
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • nearly 3 fold increase
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

• increased B cell number
  • 30% increase in IgM positive and B220 positive B lymphocytes
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • 4 fold increase in B cell numbers
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

• abnormal spleen morphology
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • mice exhibit extensive disorganization
  (MGI Ref ID J:39746)

• abnormal spleen periarteriolar lymphoid sheath morphology
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

• absent spleen marginal zone
  • loss of a distinct marginal zone
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

• abnormal leukocyte cell number
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

• decreased spleen white pulp amount
  • percentage of splenic white pulp is lower than in wild-type, Ltb nulls and Lta^tm1.1Sned but higher than Ltb, Ltbr or Ltb/Tnf/Lta knockouts
  (MGI Ref ID J:109621)

• decreased T cell number
  • in the spleen
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

immune system phenotype

• abnormal class switch recombination
  • 19 days after immunization with OVA, mice display an isotype switch to IgG from IgM that is several fold decreased compared to wild-type
  (MGI Ref ID J:109621)

• abnormal spleen morphology
  • mice exhibit extensive disorganization
  (MGI Ref ID J:39746)(MGI Ref ID J:17976)

• absent mesenteric lymph nodes
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

• absent Peyer's patches
  • not grossly detectable
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

• decreased tumor necrosis factor secretion
  • both bone marrow derived macrophages and neutrophils fail to produce normal levels of TNF when stimulated
  (MGI Ref ID J:109621)
  • in response to LPS, mice demonstrate a 10-fold decrease in production of TNF compared to wild-type or Lta^tm1.1Sned
  (MGI Ref ID J:109621)

• increased B cell number
  • 4 fold increase in B cell numbers
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • 30% increase in IgM positive and B220 positive B lymphocytes
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

• absent inguinal lymph nodes
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

• decreased interferon-gamma secretion
  • in culture, OVA-specific Ifng production from purified CD4+ T cells is decreased 2-fold compared to Lta^tm1.1Sned
  (MGI Ref ID J:109621)

• absent popliteal lymph nodes
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

• abnormal leukocyte cell number
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

• abnormal lymph node primary follicle morphology
  • only occasional BP-3 cells are found in some lymphoid follicles
  (MGI Ref ID J:109621)

• abnormal spleen periarteriolar lymphoid sheath morphology
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

• absent spleen marginal zone
  • loss of a distinct marginal zone
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

• increased leukocyte cell number
  • neutrophil, monocyte, platelet counts normal
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • nearly 3 fold increase
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

• absent axillary lymph nodes
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

• decreased spleen white pulp amount
  • percentage of splenic white pulp is lower than in wild-type, Ltb nulls and Lta^tm1.1Sned but higher than Ltb, Ltbr or Ltb/Tnf/Lta knockouts
  (MGI Ref ID J:109621)

• decreased T cell number
  • in the spleen
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

• abnormal humoral immune response
  • in response to stimulation with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), mice fail to produce anti-SRBC IgG at day 6 and only produce a negligible amount by day 15 unlike wild-type mice
  (MGI Ref ID J:39746)

• abnormal lymph node morphology
  • lack para-aortic lymph nodes
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

• absent cervical lymph nodes
  (MGI Ref ID J:17976)

mortality/aging

• increased sensitivity to induced morbidity/mortality
  • in response to LPS and D-GalN administration, percentage of severely moribund mice is 0 at 7 hours; 3/7 mice are severely moribund at 8 hours
  (MGI Ref ID J:109621)

mammalian phenotype

• liver/biliary system phenotype
  • Normal - mice fed a high cholesterol diet do not develop hepatic steatosis unlike Lta/Tnf^tm1Eug homozygotes
  (MGI Ref ID J:112797)